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Topic: Watson and Crick

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	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA
		Watson returned to Cambridge with a rather muddy recollection of the facts Franklin had presented, though clearly critical of her lecture style and personal appearance.
		Watson and Crick took a crucial conceptual step, suggesting the molecule was made of two chains of nucleotides, each in a helix as Franklin had found, but one going up and the other going down.
		Watson and Crick showed that each strand of the DNA molecule was a template for the other.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do53dn.html (677 words)

	James Watson - MSN Encarta
		Watson was also instrumental in establishing the Human Genome Project, the international scientific collaboration that identified the complete genetic blueprint of humans in 2003.
		Watson worked on the effect of X rays on bacteriophage replication for his doctoral thesis, which he received in 1950.
		Watson believed that it would be possible to determine the structure of DNA from the analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns, and that knowing the structure of DNA would be the key to understanding genes.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560789/James_Watson.html (909 words)

	Watson and Crick
		James Watson a phage geneticists and Francis Crick a physicist were the ones to put all the pieces into place.
		Watson and Crick never could have fathomed the implications of their discovery in 1953.
		She took an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA that allowed Watson and Crick to deduce the double helix structure.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /edse456/apt/vignettes/watsoncrick.htm (440 words)

	[No title]
		Crick and Dr. Watson constructed the backbone of the DNA molecule in the form of a double spiral, or helix, with the two helices held together in the middle by metal ions.
		Crick understood that they proved the opposite and that the two chains were anti-parallel, in other words that the head of one was always laid against the tail of the other.
		Crick and Dr. Watson also learned the true chemical structures of the DNA bases and the fact that the chemical structures shown in current textbooks were incorrect.
	www.missouri.edu /~chemrg/current_news/Article_Crick_Dies.html (3116 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| 'Secret of life' discovery turns 50
		Before Watson and Crick made their breakthrough, scientists knew that the DNA molecule was made of a few relatively simple chemicals.
		Watson and Crick had already worked out what the X-ray photo of DNA should look like if their model was correct.
		Watson, Crick and Wilkins shared a Nobel Prize for their work, but Franklin died in her 30s of cancer, still unaware of the decisive role of her image.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2804545.stm (782 words)

	Watson and Crick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Watson and Crick refers to the duo of James D. Watson and Francis Crick, who, with the work of Rosalind Franklin, discovered the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953, for which they were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize award, along with Maurice Wilkins.
		Watson went on to head the Cold Spring Harbor Research Facility raising major funds for basic science research.
		Watson was noted for administrative successes and named to the head of the Human Genome Project.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Watson_and_Crick (150 words)

	Annotated version of Watson and Crick paper
		Watson, a 23-year-old geneticist, and Crick, a 35-year-old former physicist studying protein structure for his doctorate in biophysics, both saw DNA’s architecture as the biggest question in biology.
		Watson and Crick knew these data would be published in the same April 25 issue of Nature, but they did not formally acknowledge her in their paper.
		Watson and Crick realized at the time that their work had important scientific implications beyond a “pretty structure.”; In this statement, the authors are saying that the base pairing in DNA (adenine links to thymine and guanine to cytosine) provides the mechanism by which genetic information carried in the double helix can be precisely copied.
	www.exploratorium.edu /origins/coldspring/printit.html (3055 words)

	DNA double helix Watson, Crick, Wilkins, Franklin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Watson took the paper to Franklin for comment, but she dismissed it as rubbish, being further annoyed as she had written to Pauling for information, but none had been sent.
		Watson and Crick now had all Franklin’s data which showed that DNA was a multiple helix.
		Watson and Crick had come to an elementary understanding of Chargaff’s rules the year before, with Crick even arranging a meeting with Chargaff, where he had to admit that he did not even understand the basics, let alone the rules.
	www.ba-education.demon.co.uk /for/science/dnamain.html (4474 words)

	James Watson, Nobel Prize winner: Welcome to the Watson Wonderland
		Watson was only 25 when he and Crick, then 37, published a short description of the double helix in the journal Nature on 25 April 1953.
		Watson and Crick had explained the fundamental basis of inheritance and other scientists used their double-helix model to explain how genetic information was passed from one cell to another and from one generation to the next.
		Watson sees no problem with the idea of changing children's DNA to make them resistant to HIV or even to improve their intellectual performance by boosting the memory circuits of the brain — if ever this becomes possible.
	www.geocities.com /lclane2/watson.html (2001 words)

	Francis Crick - Biography
		Watson, then a young man of 23, leading in 1953 to the proposal of the double-helical structure for DNA and the replication scheme.
		Crick and Watson subsequently suggested a general theory for the structure of small viruses.
		Crick in collaboration with A. Rich has proposed structures for polyglycine II and collagen and (with A. Rich, D. Davies, and J. D.Watson) a structure for polyadenylic acid.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick-bio.html (704 words)

	The Francis Crick Papers: The Discovery of the Double Helix, 1951-1953 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Crick and Watson recognized, at an early stage in their careers, that gaining a detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional configuration of the gene was the central problem in molecular biology.
		Watson and Crick published their findings in a one-page paper, with the understated title "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid," in the British scientific weekly Nature on April 25, 1953, illustrated with a schematic drawing of the double helix by Crick's wife, Odile.
		Crick was incensed at Watson's depiction of their collaboration in The Double Helix (1968), castigating the book as a betrayal of their friendship, an intrusion into his privacy, and a distortion of his motives.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /SC/Views/Exhibit/narrative/doublehelix.html (1286 words)

	1953 - Francis Crick & James Watson
		Crick had trained in physics and was engaged in X-ray studies to characterize biological molecules.
		Both Crick and Watson were explicitly motivated to investigate DNA by suspicion of its fundamental significance.
		Indeed, with Crick and Watson's discovery, together with evidence acquired over the previous decade, the implication that DNA contained the genes was immediately apparent.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /news/gnn/timeline/1953.html (663 words)

	Watson and Crick Describe DNA (1953)
		It was on this date, April 25, 1953, that James Watson and Francis Crick published an article in Nature magazine describing the structure of DNA in terms of the now-familiar double helix.
		Crick brought to the project his knowledge of x-ray diffraction, while Watson brought knowledge of phage and bacterial genetics.
		In April 1953 they jointly published their theory, complete with a diagram of "two helical chains coiled round the same axis." Watson (age 25 at the time), was born in Chicago; Crick (age 36 at the time), was born in Northampton, England.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0425almanac.htm (506 words)

	The Discovery of DNA
		She suggests that DNA is helical and Watson and Crick begin to build a model upon the "X" pattern.
		Watson immediately recognizes the significance of the "X" in photo-51; it means DNA is a helix with 10 units per turn (count the spots in the photo) with 34 Angstroms per turn.
		The Director's of the Cavendish and King's College labs approach Nature and suggest that 3 papers be published in sequence: one by Watson and Crick, one by Wilkins, and a third by Franklin and Gosling.
	fig.cox.miami.edu /~cmallery/150/gene/DNAdiscovery.htm (1061 words)

	Piecing Together the Puzzle of DNA
		In 1962, James Watson and Francis Crick, together with Maurice Wilkins, were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for their discovery.
		Watson and Crick were also studying DNA and were determined to be the first to find its structure.
		It was the vital clue Watson needed and within a few days, Watson and Crick had pieced together the double helix structure of DNA.
	www.questacon.edu.au /html/dna_puzzle.html (717 words)

	James Dewey Watson (1928 - )
		James Watson, one of the most influential researchers in the short history of the field of genetics, was born on April 6, 1928, in Chicago.
		Crick and Watson made the intuitive leap: in 1953, they proposed that the structure of DNA was a winding helix in which pairs of bases (adenine paired with thymine and guanine paired with cytosine) held the two strands together.
		The Watson-Crick model of the DNA double helix provided enormous impetus for research in the emerging fields of molecular genetics and biochemistry, and Crick, Watson, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AB/BC/James_Dewey_Watson.html (466 words)

	Crick and Watson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Francis Crick and James Watson have led distinguished careers as scientists and scholars.
		The names may not resonate like Einstein or Da Vinci, but Crick and Watson's research identified the building blocks of all life on earth and changed the course of science forever.
		Watson was only 25 when the pair made their discovery on Feb. 28, 1953 at the Cavendish Laboratory of Cambridge University in Great Britain.
	www.heroism.org /class/1950/heroes/crickwatson.htm (424 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Crick had previously shown, mathematically, that diffraction patterns of a helix (a corkscrew shape) took the form of a cross.
		Watson realized that because of their shape and chemical nature these two pairs of bases could be arranged with very weak bonds holding them together (so-called hydrogen bonds).
		Crick and Watson lost no time in building their model, using the metal plates now in the Science Museum, to represent the four bases.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122216 (1055 words)

	James Watson Biography -- Academy of Achievement: Print Preview
		James Dewey Watson was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois.
		The DNA molecule, Watson and Crick had found, is shaped like a double helix, or "gently twisted ladder." The two chains of the helix unlink "like a zipper," and reproduce their missing halves.
		Throughout the ensuing controversy, Watson insisted that devotion to the truth was as essential in writing for the general public as it is in scientific research.
	www.achievement.org /autodoc/printmember/wat0bio-1 (717 words)

	Chemistry of Life: Faces—The Human Dimension
		Watson was hooked, and he moved to Cambridge University’s Cavendish Laboratory to study DNA’s structure.
		For this Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1962.
		Watson described the discovery of DNA in his highly popular book The Double Helix, though the book has been criticized for downplaying Franklin’s role in the discovery.
	www.chemheritage.org /explore/life-watson.html (234 words)

	Watson and Crick: Rosiland Franklin's Role in the Discovery of the DNA double Helix
		Watson and Crick: Rosiland Franklin's Role in the Discovery of the DNA double Helix
		She was beaten to publication by Crick and Watson in part because of the friction between Wilkins and herself.
		Watson and Crick 's 1953 paper in the journal of Nature unveils the DNA double helix stucture
	www.watsoncrombie.com /rosalind_franklin_dna.html (671 words)

	Archon X PRIZE for Genomics
		James Watson (b.1928) at left and Francis Crick (b.1916), with their model of part of a DNA molecule in 1953.
		Crick and Watson met at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, in 1951.
		Crick, Watson and Wilkins shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, Franklin having died of cancer in 1958.
	genomics.xprize.org (700 words)

	NPR : The DNA Revolution
		In it, James Watson and Francis Crick described the three-dimensional structure of DNA.
		To mark the 50th anniversary of Watson and Crick's paper, NPR presents a series of reports on how the discovery has changed research, and what the new biomedical frontiers are.
		On Feb. 28, 1953, Francis Crick walked into a pub in Cambridge, England and announced that he and Watson had, "found the secret of life." NPR's Joe Palca reports on the 50th anniversary of that day.
	www.npr.org /news/specials/dnaanniversary/index.html (1190 words)

	purevolume™ \| Watson and Crick
		The first group ever to record at legendary "Cleo and Libby Studios", Watson and Crick was formed spontaneously in mid-January 2005.
		Watson and Crick hasn't posted a blog yet.
		Watson and Crick hasn't posted any shows yet.
	www.purevolume.com /watsonandcrick (93 words)

	Francis Harry Compton Crick & James Dewey Watson
		Francis Harry Compton Crick was born on June 8, 1916 in Northampton, England.
		In 1951, James Watson met Maurice Wilkins and saw the x-ray diffraction pattern of crystalline DNA.
		At this time, James Watson also met Francis Harry Compton Crick and together they discovered in March 1953, the structure of the DNA molecule known as the double helix.
	www.csupomona.edu /~ceemast/original/nova/crick.html (719 words)

	Francis Crick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He, James D. Watson, and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
		Francis Crick was born, the first son of Harry and Alex Elisabeth Crick (nee Wilkins), and raised in Weston Favell a small village near the English town of Northampton where Crick’s father and uncle ran the family’s boot and shoe factory.
		Crick then worked in the laboratory of David Harker at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute where he continued to develop his skills in the analysis of X-ray diffraction data for proteins, working primarily on ribonuclease and the mechanisms of protein synthesis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francis_Crick (7310 words)

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