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Topic: Wattasid

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	3. North Africa, 1504-1799. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Local tribesmen who claimed descent from the prophet Muhammad combined with Sufi leaders to eject both Europeans and the reigning Wattasid dynasty during the 16th century.
		The Wattasids of Fez, alarmed at the Sa‘di control of southern Morocco, declared war.
		In Jan. 1549 he occupied Fez, ejected the Wattasids, and became sultan of Morocco.
	www.bartleby.com /67/822.html (540 words)

	Reference Encyclopedia - Wattasid
		These viziers assumed the powers of the Sultans, seizing power when the last Marinid, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq, who had massacred many of the Wattasids in 1459, was murdered during a popular revolt in Fez in 1465.
		Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Mahdi was the first Wattasid Sultan, but controlled only northern Morocco, the south being dominated by the Saadi dynasty.
		The Wattasids were finally replaced by the Saadi Dynasty in 1554.
	referenceencyclopedia.com /?title=Wattasid (219 words)

	1553-54. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Wattasids, with Ottoman support, captured the city of Fez.
		The Ottomans supported the Wattasid claimant Bu Hassun in the hope of gaining control over the city of Fez, but the Sa‘di ruler Muhammad al-Sheik retook it in Sept. 1554.
		The assassination of his predecessor, Muhammad al-Sheik, plunged the regime into a precarious position.
	www.bartleby.com /67/823.html (794 words)

	Kingdoms of North Africa - Morocco
		Only two Wattasid brothers survive and it is they who become the first Watassids sultans in 1472.
		Like the Merinids, the Wattasids had their origins in the Berber Zenatas.
		The Wattasid sultans only controlled northern Morocco, the south being dominated by the Saadi dynasty, who eventually replaced them.
	www.historyfiles.co.uk /KingListsAfrica/AfricaMorocco.htm (1030 words)

	Wattasid Essays - Wattasid Research Paper Essay - Wattasid Term Papers
		We are available to write Wattasid term papers for research—24 hours a day, 7 days a week—on topics at every level of education.
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		students are responsible for citing EssayTown.com as a/an Wattasid essay reference source in their own, final paper.
	www.essaytown.com /topics/wattasid_essays_papers.html (860 words)

	Marinids (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Resentful at the lack of Islamic solidarity from the Ziyanids and the Hafsids, the Marinids invaded Algeria but were further weakened and a related branch, the Wattasids, became hegemonic in Morocco from 1465 to 1554.
		It was during Wattasid rule that the Moors of Granada were conquered by Spain (1492).
		The Wattasids were succeeded by the dynasty of the Saadis, who inflicted on the invading Portuguese in 1578 the stinging defeat of Alcazarquivir, in which the Portuguese king Sebastian was killed.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/m/Marinids.htm (170 words)

	Marinid at AllExperts
		The support of the Marabuts also declined, after the Merinids reduced their financial support in the 15th century due to a financial crisis.
		Merinid rulers after 1358 came under the control of the Wattasids which exercised the real power in the empire as viziers.
		The Wattasids were however equally unable to consolidated the empire, so that in 1415 Portugal occupired the town of Ceuta and by 1513 had occupied all important harbours on the Atlantic coast of Morocco.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/ma/marinid.htm (902 words)

	Wattasid
		These viziers assumed the powers of the Sultans, seizing power when the last Marinid, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq, who had massacred many of the Wattasids in 1459, was murdered during a popular revolt in Fez in 1465.
		Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Mahdi was the first Wattasid Sultan, but controlled only northern Morocco, the south being dominated by the Saadi dynasty.
		The Wattasids were finally replaced by the Saadi Dynasty in 1554.
	wattasid.anime.co.za /anime/Wattasid (682 words)

	MWNF - Museum With No Frontiers
		Although they held power, the Wattasids, ministers to the Marinids, were only a historical footnote, with no political or artistic innovations of note', 200,'#15396b','');" onMouseout="hideddrivetip();">
		In the AH 9th / AD 15th century, the Wattasids undertook to restore the mausoleum and discovered the sarcophagus of Idris II.', 200,'#15396b','');" onMouseout="hideddrivetip();">
		Morocco's power diminished during the AH 9th–10th / AD 15th–16th centuries, which boosted the Christian Reconquista and enabled the Portuguese to occupy Tangier.
	www.museumwnf.org /pc_item.php?id=monument;ISL;ma;Mon01;30;en (282 words)

	A History of Africa, Chapter 6
		However, the Wattasids were not an improvement on their predecessors, ruling over a disjointed government that often only controlled the northern plain (the part not occupied by the Portuguese, anyway), while a group of Banu Marin diehards held out on the eastern frontier until 1496, and the south remained in revolt under the sharifs.
		In addition, most Moroccans saw the Wattasids as tax-gouging pretenders, parasites rather than patriots; Leo Africanus, for example, thought they were as bad as the infidel king of Portugal when it came to robbing the people.
		The Ottoman army retaliated by taking Fez and installing a Wattasid, Abu Hassan, as their vassal (1554), but shortly after that he was killed in a battle with the Sa'dids, and his army fled, enabling al-Mahdi to retake Fez.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /africa/af06.html (20933 words)

	Marinid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1348: The Black Death and the rebellions of Tlemcen and Tunis mark the beginning of the decline of Marinids which will not manage to drive back the Portuguese and the Spaniards, thus allowing them, by the means also of their successors Wattasids settling on the coast.
		He finally preferred to turn over his force against a small port located between Tangier and Ceuta.
		1472: Abu Abdallah sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya, one of the two Wattasid viziers survivors of 1459 massacre will install himself in Fes where he would found the Wattasid dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marinid (1863 words)

	Hassan Al Wazzan aka Leo Africanus
		Meanwhile battles were raging between the last of the Al Wattasids and the Merinids on the one hand and Abou Alabbas Ahmed Al Saadi on the other.
		The events of this difficult period, precipitated the appearance and the consolidation of power by the Saadians who waged civil war against the aging Wattasid Merinid dynasty.
		He informs us that the tribes recognized neither the administrative bureaucracy nor the rule of the Wattasides because of their weakened authority and due to the declining state of affairs brought on by the political decadence of their dynasty.
	www.said-hajji.com /en/book-leo.html (4733 words)

	Warfare and Firearms in Fifteenth Century Morocco
		Leo Africanus (Muhammad al-Wazani), reflecting on the wars and repression bedeviling Morocco in the late 1400s, classed the Wattasids of Fez alongside the infidel King of Portugal as co-equal despoilers of a hapless people battling against intruding despots, domestic or foreign, Muslim or Christian.
		Al–Kurasi, the poet-celebrator of the dynasty, frequently refers to Wattasid gunpowder weaponry in later verses.
		Nineteenth and twentieth century French historians often justified their creeping subjugation of Morocco by distorting Wattasid history to prove that Moroccans could not govern their own society unless enthralled to despotism of superstitious fanatics (the Wattasids are often - somehow - caricatured as a 'secularist' dynasty) or under the tutelage of enlightened foreigners.
	www.deremilitari.org /RESOURCES/ARTICLES/cook.htm (5926 words)

	Leo Africanus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The family settled in Fez which was the most important city of the western Maghrib and capital of the Wattasid sultans who ruled the northern part of modern Morocco.
		While studying, he supplemented his meagre income by working for two years as a secretary in the bimaristan of Fez, a hospital for sick foreigners and poor combined with a lunatic asylum.
		It is tempting to identify this "Serif" with Ahmad al-Araj (c.1488–1557) who had become the de facto ruler of the province of Sus, in southern Morocco, in 1511 and gained much popularity by fighting the Portuguese who were frequently raiding the Moroccan Atlantic coast.
	www.uta.fi /~hipema/leo.htm (11053 words)

	1335-58. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Under his long and prosperous rule, the Hafsid state emerged as the preeminent power in North Africa.
		A spirit of intolerance overcame relations between Muslims and non-Muslims across the Maghrib, mirroring the religious hatreds that consumed 15th-century Spain.
		The Wattasids consisted originally of tribal groups loyal to the Marinid dynasty.
	www.bartelby.com /67/323.html (827 words)

	The History Cooperative \| Conference Proceedings \| Interactions: Regional Studies, Global Processes, and Historical ...
		By the mid-sixteenth century, the Sa'dis had managed to wrest control of Morocco from the hands of the Portuguese colonizers and the Berber Wattasid dynasty, and could begin to direct their attention towards the south.
		In their competition with the Wattasids, they had argued successfully that, as sharifs, they were the divinely appointed rulers of the country.
		Backing up their position with the use of Qu'ranic verses and hadith that asserted the superiority of the Prophet's family, the Sa'dis had used their sharifian status as the primary justification for their rule.
	www.historycooperative.org /proceedings/interactions/cory.html (6861 words)

	HyperGeertz-Text: Among the Infidels (2006)
		He does, indeed, seem to have been born as al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wazzan, in Grenada in the late 1480s or early 1490s, just a few years before or a few after this last bastion of Islam in Spain finally fell to Ferdinand and Isabella's Castilian Christians.
		His parents fled with him to Wattasid Fez in Morocco, as part of the great Andalusian migration after the reconquista.
		From the time he was sixteen or so he began to accompany his uncle, who was a highly placed aide in the service of the Wattasid sultan, on various embassies across North Africa and into the Sudan, perhaps even to Constantinople and Baghdad, though this has been disputed.
	www.iwp.uni-linz.ac.at /lxe/sektktf/GG/GeertzTexts/Among_Infidels.htm (2567 words)

	Brief History of Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Wattasids, related to the Marinids, became hegemonic in Morocco from 1465 to 1554.
		During the 16th century, Portugal and Spain raided and occupied the Moroccan coast (Ceuta, Melilla, Tetuán).
		The Saadis took power from the Wattasids in 1554.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/m/Morocco_brief.htm (1094 words)

	Avalanche Press
		Granada herself had but a negligible navy, depending on her allies for naval aid.
		In past wars the Wattasid Sultans of Morocco could be depended on for ships and men, but internal struggles there limited the available aid for Granada’s last war.
		While a number of fighting men slipped across the narrow seas to aid Granada, these volunteers had been assembled by Sufi religious leaders for the most part and did not represent a serious state effort.
	www.avalanchepress.com /NaviesOfSpain1483.php (1017 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Marinid dynasty
		1348: The Black Death and the rebellions of Tlemcen and Tunis mark the beginning of the decline of Marinids which will not manage to drive back the Portuguese and the Spaniards, thus allowing them, by the means also of their successors Wattasids settling on the coast.
		He finally preferred to turn over his force against a small port located between Tangier and Ceuta.
		1472: Abu Abdallah sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya, one of the two Wattasid viziers survivors of 1459 massacre will install himself in Fes where he would found the Wattasid dynasty.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Marinid (1890 words)

	Agadir Travel Guide and Travel Information - addictedtotravel.com
		From the early origins of Agadir as a fishing village, in 1505 the Portuguese established a trading post named Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué, under a governor.
		In 1541, the city came under Wattasid control and in 1572 a stronghold was built on the top of the hill overlooking the bay - the Kasbah.
		At 15 minutes to midnight on February 29, 1960, Agadir was almost totally destroyed by an earthquake that lasted 15 seconds, burying the city and killing thousands.
	www.addictedtotravel.com /travel-guides/places-to-visit/agadir_morocco-travel-guide (511 words)

	Zayanid
		Location: The Zayanid Kingdom is located in Africa in the country of Algeria.
		It borders the Mediterranean Sea, the Hafsid Kingdom, and the Wattasid Kingdom.
		The Zayanids are based on the relationship of the four Zanata tribes.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/zayanid.html (437 words)

	wattasid - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word wattasid:
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	www.onelook.com /?w=wattasid (86 words)

	FT.com / Arts & weekend / Books - Between two worlds
		When Granada fell to the Castilians, he and his family decamped to Fez.
		Here he became a roving diplomat for the Wattasid sultans, travelling as far afield as Timbuktu and Cairo.
		And then, abruptly, returning from Cairo to Fez, he was captured by Spanish pirates, taken in chains to Rome, and presented as a prize to the Pope.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/5939855a-a182-11db-8bc1-0000779e2340,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/5939855a-a182-11db-8bc1-0000779e2340,s01=1.html&_i_referer= (132 words)

	Salaam Knowledge
		When Granada fell to the Castilian armies of Ferdinand and Isabella al-Wazzan and his family decamped to Fez.
		Here he became a roving diplomat for the Wattasid sultans, travelling as far as Timbuktu and Cairo.
		He lived among Rome’s aristocrats and intellectuals and worked on a series of documents, first helping with a Latin-Hebrew-Arabic dictionary (now in Madrid) and a Latin version of Qu’ran.
	www.salaam.co.uk /knowledge/biography/viewentry.php?id=3337 (282 words)

	Islamic Art Network - Technical Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Decline started post 1358 A.D. where child sultans ruled between 1358-1374 A.D. and 1393-1458 A.D. under the authority of the Wattisids and even under the Nasrids of Granada (1374-1393 A.D.).
		1421-1465 A.D) managed to stop the Wattasid power in 1458 A.D., he died soon after, following which Morocco was ruled by the Wattasids.
		A prayer niche found in religious buildings indicating the direction to the Ka‘ba in Mecca.
	www.islamic-art.org /glossary/NewGlossary.asp?DisplayedChar=13 (2475 words)

	Africa and Slavery 1500-1800 by Sanderson Beck
		Four years later the Sa'diyans drove out of Fez the Wattasid prince 'Ali Abu Hassan, who took refuge in Algiers.
		In 1548 Shadhiliya marabouts supported al-Mahdi's siege of Fez, while the Qadiriya marabouts sided with the Wattasids and Turks.
		Ottoman army took over Fez and set up the Wattasid Abu Hassun as their vassal.
	san.beck.org /1-13-Africa1500-1800.html (22906 words)

	Destination Morocco \| History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They also brought back ancient Arab manuscripts from Christian Spain.
		The period of social disintegration that followed the Marinid and Wattasid reigns and the further loss of coastal towns to the Portuguese prompted the Saadians to take control.
		They captured Marrakech and Fez, united the country and built alliances with Spain to keep the Turks in Algiers at bay.
	www.destinationmorocco.com /about_history.php (1172 words)

	Numismatic corpuses and catalogues
		Catalogue of Midrarid, Hammudid et Maghrawite coins (4th-5th century H / 10th -11th century AD) ;
		Catalogue of Wattasid coins (876-961H /1472-1554 AD) ;
		Catalogue of Dilaite coins (beginning of 11th century H / beg.
	www.bkam.ma /anglais/muse%20Monnaie/corpus_catalogues_numismatiqu.htm (643 words)

	Where do I find Agadir information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1505 the Portuguese seted down there a trading named Santa Cruz do Cabo de GuÃ©, pinned a governor.
		In 1541, the megalopolitan came pinned Wattasid conveyance and in 1572 a stronghold was fabricated on the dominant of the hill overlooking the bay, the Kasbah.
		In 1911, the landing of a German gunboat (the Panther), officially to protect the small-town German community, triggered the Agadir Crisis separating France and Germany which welcomed France, in 1913, to stabilize a protectorate departed upwards of the full-length kingdom of Morocco.
	de.aqua-pets.info /Agadir (1191 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - AGC: Africa 2
		Therefore Morocco should start off owning Fez and Tangiers with its capital in Tobukal.
		Morocco should, ideally, become Fez when the Wattasids take over in 1472.
		In 1505 when the Wattasid dynasty lost virtual control over southern Morocco, the bottom half revolts away.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?threadid=52998 (5044 words)

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