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Topic: Wave cloud

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	Wave cloud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This wave cloud pattern formed off of the Île Amsterdam (lower left corner, at the "tip" of the triangular formation of lenticular clouds) in the far southern Indian Ocean.
		A wave cloud is a type of cloud form created due to the effects of orographic lift.
		Wave clouds are actually long strings of lenticular clouds, created when an air mass passes over a geographic feature and a standing wave forms downwind.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wave_cloud (153 words)

	Cloud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cloud droplets tend to scatter light very efficiently, so that the intensity of the solar radiation decreases with depth into the cloud, hence the grey or even sometimes dark appearance of the clouds at their base.
		Thin clouds may appear to have acquired the color of their environment or background, and clouds illuminated by non-white light, such as during sunrise or sunset, may be colored accordingly.
		Orographic uplift also creates variable cloud forms depending on air stability, although cap cloud and wave clouds are specific to orographic clouds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloud (1873 words)

	Yosemite Association - Nature Notes
		In a sense, clouds are the waves of the air, the visible manifestations of the atmospheric tide.
		And borne of this jumble of winds is the Sierra Wave.
		A combination of factors must exist for the wave to appear in the sky-moderate to strong winds blowing perpendicular to the mountains, adequate moisture in the air, and a stable airflow aloft.
	www.yosemite.org /naturenotes/SierraWave.htm (2020 words)

	Underwater and Underground Bursts
		The distortion caused by the water waves on the surface of the lagoon prevented a clear view of the fireball, and the general effect was similar to that of light seen through a ground-glass screen.
		Part of the shock wave passes through the surface into the air, and because of the high humidity the conditions are suitable for the formation of a condensation cloud (Fig.
		The main cloud and base surge formed in the SEDAN test (100 kilotons yield, depth of burial 635 feet in alluvium containing 7 percent of water) are shown in the photograph in Fig.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /host/atomic/nukeffct/enw77b2.htm (4822 words)

	Cloud, Aerosol, and Precipitation Physics and Chemistry
		Studies in high-altitude wave clouds investigated the role of homogeneous nucleation in ice formation, and studies of cirrus clouds investigated the dependence of size distributions and optical properties of ice crystals on temperature.
		Two cloud types, laminar wave clouds and upslope clouds, were the focus for these studies because of the relative simplicity of airflow in those cases and the expectation that this would lead to relatively simple patterns in ice formation.
		Wave cloud observations documented that there is considerable variability in ice concentrations beyond that controlled by supercooling, and much of that variability is associated with variability in aerosol content (and hence with altitude).
	www.ncar.ucar.edu /archives/asr/ASR94/MMM/capchem.html (1991 words)

	Clouds Over Mount Shasta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Clouds are the visible expression of the process known as condensation.
		Altocumulus clouds are very similar to cirrocumulus clouds and they, too, can produce "mackerel skies." Generally the convection cells of altocumulus are a little larger than cirrocumulus and the clouds are frequently said to resemble flocks of sheep.
		Altostratus clouds are layered, mid-level clouds that are typically gray because the water droplets are relatively large.
	www.siskiyous.edu /shasta/env/clouds/index.htm (1631 words)

	II
		Clouds scatter short wave radiation as well, and, as such, are responsible for a substantial fraction of the planetary albedo in regions that are not covered by ice.
		As such, predicted clouds are employed in the model using a scheme that is a hybrid of the scheme implemented by Hou (1990) and the scheme employed in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM2; Kiehl et al., 1994).
		One important aspect of the resulting hybrid scheme is that convective cloud amount is first determined for the entire depth of the cloud, and then the amount at each model level within the cloud is determined as a function of the total.
	grads.iges.org /agcm/agcm_radiation.html (1487 words)

	Gliding Magazine \| Features
		These waves range from gentle undulations, where the air rises and falls smoothly at less than a hundred feet per minute, to powerful systems where the air surges up and down at several thousand feet per minute.
		Sailplanes have soared in waves since 1933 and in recent years have reached heights of 49 000ft and flown distances in excess of 1000km in wave.
		Then the strongest wave is the "primary", the first wave in the series, and the others are progressively weaker.
	www.glidingmagazine.com /FeatureArticle.asp?id=220 (1500 words)

	Met Office: OBR - Cloud physics - Ice nucleation and the evolution of the ice phase
		Lenticular wave clouds formed in mountain wave flows can be a useful environment in which to study ice nucleation.
		Further observations will be made in future, making use of improved instrumentation to determine with greater accuracy the time of onset of the initial ice crystals in the wave cloud, and how this varies with the environmental conditions and the physical and chemical properties of the aerosol.
		Ice nucleation processes and their impact on stratiform cloud systems is also being studied in collaboration with scientists from the Universities of Manchester and Reading as part of the NERC Thematic Programme: Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC).
	www.met-office.gov.uk /research/obr/cloudphys/ice.html (728 words)

	Untitled Document
		Clouds are visible aggregates of minute particles of water or ice, or both in the free air.
		Cloud types are determined by visual observations with accuracy dependent on experience and knowledge of the processes of cloud formation
		Sky cover is obtained visually by viewing the clouds against the dome of the sky as a background and estimating by tens the sky area covered.
	maps.unomaha.edu /Peake/3510/clouds.html (634 words)

	Lenticular Clouds - Crystalinks
		Lenticular clouds, technically known as altocumulus standing lenticularis, are stationary lens-shaped clouds that form at high altitudes, normally aligned at right-angles to the wind direction.
		This is because the systems of atmospheric standing waves that cause "lennies" (as they are sometimes familiarly called) also involve large vertical air movements, and the precise location of the rising air mass is fairly easy to predict from the orientation of the clouds.
		These clouds are formed by so-called mountain waves of air created by strong winds forced over high mountains.
	www.crystalinks.com /lenticular.html (425 words)

	What causes wave clouds?
		While "wave cloud" is not a specific type of cloud, a few clouds do sometimes form wave patterns.
		One reason for wave patterns in clouds is when they form in a stable layer, that is a thin layer of the atmosphere where the temperature doesn't decrease very much with height, or even increases with height.
		If the layer happens to be humid enough, then where the air is flowing up a crest of the wave, a cloud forms, and where it is flowing down the crest, the cloud evaporates.
	www.weatherquestions.com /What_causes_wave_clouds.htm (158 words)

	Wave Clouds, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Lenticular clouds, also known as wave clouds, are the most common member of an unusual class of clouds that remain stationary while the wind blows through them.
		When this happens, wave clouds may occur at regular intervals for a considerable distance to the lee of a mountain range.
		These lee waves are often visible on satellite photographs, and occur over large areas of Alaska when the winds are favorable.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF8/811.html (630 words)

	Mountain Waves Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As a forecaster, your task is to anticipate mountain wave development, assess its strength, and determine the possibility of clear air turbulence aloft and strong winds, wind shear, and turbulence near the surface.
		As that air descends in the lee of the wave crest, the cloud evaporates.
		The amplitude of an orographic wave is highly dependent on the structure of the atmosphere, the nature of the airflow, and the size and shape of the mountain.
	meted.ucar.edu /mesoprim/mtnwave/print.htm (10474 words)

	Mission Plans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Flight altitudes will be selected to include wave clouds with temperatures from -10 to -40°C, based on NWS soundings and upper air charts and, once airborne, the real time aircraft sounding.
		When wave clouds have considerable vertical dimension or are layered over a range of altitudes, then climb a few thousand feet to a different temperature regime and fly upstream through the cloud and beyond, to start another sampling cycle with step b).
		Since wave clouds often repeat in wave trains (a succession of clouds along the same streamlines), there may be opportunities for longer transects through repeatedly processed air.
	www.atd.ucar.edu /~dcrogers/Wavecloud/MissnPln.html (739 words)

	Epping Weather Site Wave Type Cloud Epping and Cambridgeshire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Wave type cloud was again seen over Epping at 1400GMT on Sunday 17th August.
		The cloud pattern was seen elsewhere in the area and the photographs below were taken by John Bridge of the Cambridge Gliding Club whilst flying in the Grafham Water area.
		Cloud base was 5200ft above which the wind had veered to 220 degrees/14 knots.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /gesc_b/EppingWeatherPages/WaveCloud2.htm (139 words)

	MWFM - Mountain Wave Clouds over Jan Mayen
		One of the best prototypes for this kind of mountain wave activity is provided by Jan Mayen, a small Arctic island chain ~550 km north-east of Iceland (see map).
		They were first observed in high resolution satellite images by Gjevik and Marthinsen [1978], who noticed their "ship wave" shapes and attempted to model them using simple ray methods.
		Waves were forecast to be nonturbulent, allowing for safe ER-2 flights from Kiruna for the pilots on this day.
	uap-www.nrl.navy.mil /dynamics/html/mwfmjanmayen.html (631 words)

	Earthquake Clouds Predicts Mexico Earthquake
		First, the World Earthquake Database of the USGS reveals that the 4.4 Northern Italy earthquake (44.27N, 10.83E) on Oct. 3 is consistent to the cloud on both the direction and the time, and is the only one relating to the cloud, so the cloud should be an earthquake cloud.
		In summary, I think that the cloud is an earthquake cloud, and its related earthquake is the 4.4 Italy earthquake on Oct. 3.
		The cloud is so clear that makes me feel some sorry for a fact that American technology in this field lags behind both UK and Japan, but some American scientists may still think their top position unaware.
	quake.exit.com /A001216.html (442 words)

	Ship-wave, cloud patterns and Vortex Streets downwind of the Crozet Islands
		With this 'capping' the airflow is forced to go around the islands and the complex interaction between the restricted airflow and the island topography produces the eddies which are regularly shed downstream.
		As might be expected, this cloud pattern is more commonly associated with islands in sub-tropical waters where the semi-permanent anticyclones result in a high frequency of low-level subsidence inversions.
		In the latter case, the relative heights of the inversion and the westernmost island, Île aux Cochons (826m asl) are such that the airflow was able to go over the island, i.e.
	www.weathersa.co.za /Pressroom/2005/2005Oct21ShipwaveCrozet.jsp (482 words)

	SUCCESS End of Mission Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The in-cloud concentrations are roughly of the same order as the number concentration reported for the CN measurements outside cloud.
		This result implies that for both the wave cloud and cirrus events the majority of environmental condensation nuclei are being activated and grow to sizes detectable by the MASP.
		Particle sizes in the leading edges of the wave clouds (10 mm diameter) were larger than might be expected at low temperature when there is only a few seconds for ice particles to grow.
	cloud1.arc.nasa.gov /success/success.eom.html (9887 words)

	C.A.S. Cloud of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As darkness falls on anything but the brightest of nights, those clouds still awake will appear dark in the night sky as they are cast in the Earth's shadow.
		Most clouds form in the lower region of the atmosphere, from the ground to around 8-10 miles up, known as the troposphere.
		Noctilucent clouds, however, form at altitudes of between 30 and 50 miles, where temperatures can be as low as -125°C. This is a region called the mesosphere – the one above the stratosphere – and is extremely dry, making the appearance of the Noctilucent cloud's ice crystals somewhat of a mystery.
	www.cloudappreciationsociety.org /a/cloud-month/06-cld_mth_may.html (288 words)

	ROCO Electron density: definition
		Quantum mechanics also says that an electron can be viewed as a stationary wave, or, cloud of negative charge.
		A wave function assigns a number to each point in space, and the numbers oscillate so that they are positive at some locations and negative at others (this behavior may remind you of the way a water wave can make a lake's surface rise at some points and fall at others).
		We say the cloud is "stationary" because the amount of negative charge at each point does not change (remember: the orbital's shape does not change).
	academic.reed.edu /chemistry/roco/Density/cloud.html (816 words)

	Earth Science Picture of the Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The colorfully tinted wave clouds shown above were photographed on January 30, 2006 from Orsta, Norway.
		Because wave clouds are typically composed of water droplets, iridescent or irisation is occasionally observed about their edges.
		Note, the dark cloud at lower center is located in the foreground and not associated with the wave clouds.
	epod.usra.edu /archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=289664 (116 words)

	In the Clouds Photography - weather gallery (Cloud-specifics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Most of these cloud photos are associated with a turbulent atmosphere, especially the one referenced by WxClds2626_047.
		Similarly, the cloud shapes shown in the first three photos are indicative of wave-like undulations of air currents made visible by cloud.
		The last one in the first row is called a rotor cloud and indicates a circular moving air current - this one caused by the mountains to the west.
	www.inclouds.com /Wx/clouds2.html (328 words)

	Wave cloud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Strong easterly winds created a standing wave cloud off of the ridge to the East of Campus on 28 January 2000.
		The wave cloud was still extant at 1645.
		A tattered second order crest cloud was located over the West side of the campus, just downwind of the first order.
	www.comfsm.fm /~dleeling/weather/wave.html (109 words)

	Science Service: Intel Science Training Institute
		It is assumed for simplicity that the cloud is spherical with radius r.
		is the column density that a cloud must have to extract a significant fraction of the available energy in the portion of the blast wave which interacts with the cloud.
		If clouds are found in layers, then the enhanced contribution of on-axis clouds might also overcome the difficulty in producing gaps in GRB light curves.
	www.sciserv.org /sts/58sts/mitman-paper.asp (3931 words)

	WAVE - Cloud Structure In Satellite Images
		This developing synoptic feature is responsible for deviations in the distributions of the key parameters of the Wave as well as for a delay in the cyclogenesis process in the wave area.
		Grey shades in the IR image are brighter in the wave area than in the other parts of the cloud band.
		Several cloud types are involved with the Wave which are easily detected in the (manipulated) satellite images.
	www.zamg.ac.at /docu/Manual/SatManu/CMs/We/structure.htm (808 words)

	Submillimeter-Wave Cloud Ice Radiometer: Simulations of retrieval algorithm performance
		The Submillimeter-Wave Cloud Ice Radiometer (SWCIR), developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to fly on the NASA DC-8, has ten channels from four receivers at 183, 325, 448, and 643 GHz.
		Statistics of cirrus microphysics are derived from in situ cloud probe data obtained during midlatitude winter and tropical field experiments, and include correlations between temperature, particle size, and ice water content.
		Retrieval experiments are performed for midlatitude winter ice clouds with the SWCIR viewing downward from 12 km and for tropical anvil cirrus with the SWCIR viewing upward from 10 km.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001JD000709.shtml (359 words)

	UPPER WAVE - Cloud Structure In Satellite Images
		An Upper Wave is a smooth Wave feature accompanied by a rather flat convex bulge of cloudiness on the rearward side of a frontal cloud band.
		The cloud bulge extends from the Czech Republic and Poland to the Ukraine.
		During the whole life cycle of the Upper Wave, there is no further development, such as amplification or enhancement of the cloud bulge.
	www.zamg.ac.at /docu/Manual/SatManu/CMs/JeWe/structure.htm (663 words)

	Visible Earth: Wave clouds over Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Clouds ripple over Ireland and Scotland in a wave pattern, similar to the pattern of waves along a seashore.
		In this case, the waves were caused by the air moving over and around the mountains of Scotland and Ireland.
		Open- and closed-cell clouds formed off the coast of northwestern France, and thin contrail clouds are visible just east of these.
	visibleearth.nasa.gov /view_rec.php?id=6146 (231 words)

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