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Topic: Wavefront

	Wavefront - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In optics, a wavefront is the locus (a line or surface in an electromagnetic wave) of points having the same phase.
		The simplest form of a wavefront is the plane wave, which when propagating can be seen to give rise to new plane wavefronts, as the corresponding rays are parallel to each other.
		Such a plane wavefront is a good model for a section of a very large spherical wavefront; for instance, sunlight strikes the earth in wavefronts of radius 93 million miles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wavefront (549 words)

	Eye Surgery Education Council
		Wavefront technology functions as a roadmap for LASIK surgery, providing benefits to the patient during both the evaluation and treatment process.
		Minimizing higher-order aberrations with wavefront technology by reducing the naturally occurring ones is achievable and may be particularly beneficial to individuals with unusually large amounts of higher-order aberrations.
		Thus, the amount of wrinkle or error in the wavefront reflected from the back of the eye, as compared to the reference wavefront that was projected into it, defines the compensating optical correction.
	www.lasikinstitute.org /Wavefront_Technology.html (928 words)

	Lasik Glossary
		Wavefront diagnostic can detect an infinite set of ocular aberrations called The Zernike polynomials, but in ophthalmology discussion has generally been limited to the first 15 or so.
		The wavefront sensor system includes a fixation target, an input laser beam that generates a point light source, a wavefront sensor that measures the slope of the exiting wavefront, and software that will determine the characteristics of the excimer ablation.
		The third-order Zernike terms are coma (a wavefront shape with twofold symmetry) and trefoil (a wavefront shape with threefold symmetry).
	www.usaeyes.org /glossary/stuvwxyz.htm (2066 words)

	Wavefront coding technology (IVDT archive, Nov 02)
		Wavefront Coding did not evolve out of the realm of traditional optics, but was the result of applying mathematical techniques used in radar to optical applications.
		Another characteristic of extended focus with Wavefront Coded optics is its applicability to a wide range of microscope imaging modes and applications, such as brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence, Hoffman modulation contrast, DIC, and polarization imaging modalities.
		Wavefront Coded optics can be adapted to nearly any commercially available camera so that the selection of a device with an appropriately high signal-to-noise ratio is not a limitation.
	www.devicelink.com /ivdt/archive/02/11/003.html (3106 words)

	4.00 wavefront
		Wavefront, in turn, allows us to measure more of the optical system in order to determine what exactly distorts a ray of light during its journey from the front to the back of the eye.
		Wavefront should let us determine which parts of these patients' optical systems are distorted and help us to reduce those aberrations, perhaps even to create prolate corneas in these cases.
		Wavefront sensing is a new way of mapping the spatial refraction (spherocylindrical error) and aberration profile (spherical aberrations, coma aberrations, higher-order astigmatic aberrations and more) of the eye.
	www.revophth.com /2000/April/April00wavefront.htm (3088 words)

	Wavefront LASIK
		Using a "wavefront analyzer" or "aberrometer", the unique aberration pattern of your eye is mapped.
		In some cases, the wavefront map will give us information suggesting that this method is not the best for you, and suggest that the laser be programmed in other ways.
		Wavefront measurements of post-operative LASIK patients with such quality of vision complaints may demonstrate higher-order aberrations.
	www.drhersh.com /techniques/wavefront.html (1028 words)

	Wavefront Technology ~ LASIK, PRK, laser vision correction, eye care, hyperopia - farsightedness, myopia - ...
		The wavefront of a perfect eye has a flat surface because all of the light rays travel uniformly through the eye, as shown in figure 1.
		The wavefront of an eye with imperfections is curved or wavy because some light rays reach the retina before others, and some light rays strike different locations on the retina than others.
		RMS is simply the amplitude or difference between the advanced portions of the wavefront (red) the retarded portion of the wavefront (bleu) expressed in microns.
	www.grendahl.com /wavefront/wavefront_errors.html (1013 words)

	Custom Wavefront Lasik, Wavefront IntraLasik, PRK, LASEK, Epi-Lasik
		Wavefront is actually used in two separate ophthalmic events.
		Wavefront diagnostic can determine if a wavefront guided ablation is an absolute requirement, conventional ablation would be fine, or the patient should not have surgery at all.
		Wavefront may be an excellent mapping system, but that does not necessarily mean that you can get to where you want to go.
	www.usaeyes.org /faq/subjects/wavefront_custom_lasik.htm (1789 words)

	Review of Optometry
		Wavefront analysis is a method of objectively quantifying all the aberrations of the eye.
		Wavefront analysis opens the door for measuring these formerly inaccessible elements that impact vision so that we can apply new corrective treatments.
		Wavefront measures refraction as a function of pupil size, a dy-namically changing characteristic.
	www.revoptom.com /index.asp?page=2_896.htm (1410 words)

	Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing to improve LASIK procedures performed by ophthalmologists - OpticsReport
		A wavefront can be thought of as a group of waves traveling through space, so that their combined "front" is a surface.
		By sending a planar wavefront into the eye and analyzing the wavefront reflected, we now have a method for quantifying the most miniscule of perturbations introduced by the eye.
		With wavefront sensing, as many as 65 imperfections can be quantified, potentially all with only a quick glance into a wavefront sensing instrument, eliminating flipping through dozens of lenses to determine which prescription best suits your eye.
	www.opticsreport.com /content/article.php?article_id=1005 (1272 words)

	Wavefront OBJ: Summary from the Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Wavefront OBJ format is a useful standard for representing polygonal data in ASCII form.
		Wavefront OBJ (object) files are used by Wavefront's Advanced Visualizer application to store geometric objects composed of lines, polygons, and free-form curves and surfaces.
		Wavefront OBJ files are often stored with the extension ".obj" following the UNIX convention of lowercase letters for filenames.
	www.fileformat.info /format/wavefrontobj (774 words)

	iZon - Wavefront-Guided Vision Technology
		Wavefront technology is used to analyze the way light travels through the eye.
		This wavefront mapping helps practitioners detect aberrations, not seen in conventional vision tests that impact the quality of a patient's vision.
		Recently, wavefront technology has been used in new lens designs and manufacturing processes to correct these lens aberrations and improve visual performance.
	www.ophthonix.com /globals/faqs.asp (1899 words)

	LASIK - Wavefront Technology
		Wavefront technology was originally developed for use in high-powered telescopes to reduce distortions when viewing distant objects in space.
		Wavefront uses a sophisticated diagnostic test called the Wave Scan which measures up to the hundredths of a diopter.
		More than 90 percent of the study participants undergoing wavefront LASIK could see 20/20 or better; 74% could see 20/16 or better, and 27% could see 20/15 or better.
	www.todaysvision.com /lasikwavefront.htm (285 words)

	Salmon Wavefront
		Wavefront sensors, also known as aberrometers, are instruments designed to measure the entire refractive error of the eye, including sphere, cylinder, and the higher-order aberrations.
		A typical wavefront measurement can include hundreds of numbers, so it is easier to visualize the information by converting the data to a gray-scale or topographic map (upper right), or to a three-dimensional surface plot (lower right).
		For each lenslet, the wavefront slopes are measured in the both x and y directions, and these data (the slopes) are mathematically integrated to compute the actual wavefront error at many points across the pupil.
	www.opt.pacificu.edu /ce/catalog/10260-RS/WavefrontSalmon.html (6555 words)

	UA-94-01: Error Budget and Wavefront Specifications for Primary and Secondary Mirrors
		Because the wavefront is demagnified when it hits the secondary, the surface errors scale relative to the atmospheric wavefront so the secondary makes a much smaller contribution to the total telescope wavefront.
		This factor is used to adjust the spatial scale of the secondary wavefront when calculating the secondary contribution to the telescope wavefront error.
		The scaling factor is the ratio of the primary diameter to the diameter of the beam at the secondary, which for this example is 5.15.
	medusa.as.arizona.edu /lbtwww/tech/ua9401.htm (7726 words)

	Wavefront OBJ Geometry Export Converter
		The Wavefront OBJ geometry export converter writes out the scene database as a series of optimized indexed polygon meshes (faces and their associated indices) along with optional normal and texture data (if its exists within the database).
		The Wavefront file format is quite robust and is a popular format used to transfer entire object geometries between 3D packages (such as Alias, 3D Studio, 3D game programs and such).
		This is a useful option is you already have all of the referenced texture maps converted to the desired file format (either from a previous invocation of this export converter or by using a batch bitmap conversion program).
	www.okino.com /conv/exp_wave.htm (1711 words)

	New York Wavefront Custom Cornea Ablation - LASIK Surgery with Dr. Mandel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Wavefront sensors measure thousands of light rays from your eye to detect changes that were never seen before.
		The VISX® WaveScan Wavefront System is the first stand-alone commercialized wavefront system in the world, and is the first system to obtain FDA clearance in the United States.
		Concurrent with this advancement in wavefront analysis, the state of the art VISX laser was also dramatically improved to deliver a much more precise treatment.
	www.mandelvision.com /correction_html/wavefront.html (682 words)

	Review of Ophthalmology
		Occasionally, a patient's wavefront output doesn't look right, or, more often, his wavefront refraction doesn't jibe with his manifest, and the ophthalmologist is left to decide whether or not a clean image went into the device in the first place, or if the manifest deserves more weight than the wavefront refraction.
		The patient may have a wavefront refraction at a 4-mm pupil size that's less myopic than the manifest refraction because, with the latter, the patient is being refracted at a 5 or 6 mm pupil.
		When surgeons feel the wavefront refraction's values are within the acceptable range as defined by the laser's manufacturer, the custom systems allow their users to make small adjustments to the wavefront refraction's spherical measurement to get the final correction as sharp as possible.
	www.revophth.com /index.asp?page=1_658.htm (2249 words)

	New Developments in Wavefront-Guided LASIK - Ophthalmology Technology Spotlight - Medcompare
		Wavefront technology has been used by astronomers for decades in order to reduce higher order aberrations induced by the earth’s atmosphere.
		Standard metrics such as best corrected visual acuity and uncorrected visual acuity may soon be refined to emphasize other metrics such as improvement in contrast sensitivity, increased low contrast acuity, and individualized improvements in each patient’s postoperative uncorrected visual acuity in relation to their preoperative best corrected visual acuity.
		As device manufacturers incorporate additional technology to enhance their wavefront — guided LASIK platform, the gold standard outcome is likely to move beyond an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20; eliminating higher order aberrations will help realize “super-human vision” in the near future.
	www.medcompare.com /spotlight.asp?spotlightid=155&headerid=0 (1009 words)

	REFLECTIONS ON WAVEFRONT MAGAZINE
		WAVEFRONT was conceived and created by Bernd Simson and myself in a small studio in Vancouver-Burnaby, Canada, and we started the first issue on his small computer using something called "Wordstar" for our desk-top publishing.
		At WAVEFRONT, we did not set out to create controversy, but in an environment of professional etiquette (where no one will say what they 'really mean' except to leverage an art or business deal), and the conceits surrounding reputation and power, we found ourselves continually embroiled in it.
		WAVEFRONT tended to be a bit reckless (and most certainly 'cavalier') in its critical intensity.
	www.holonet.khm.de /visual_alchemy/wreflect.html (2121 words)

	Wavefront LASIK - San Jose and Mountain View Area - Leading Laser Eye Center
		Wavefront technology in ophthalmology refers to the ability to fully analyze the "wave" or light rays as they enter and exit the eye.
		While there is still no guarantee of perfect vision after wavefront LASIK, recent FDA studies have demonstrated that patients treated with wavefront laser vision correction have a better chance of seeing 20/20 compared to conventional laser vision treatment.
		A patient with thin corneas, for instance, may not be a good candidate for wavefront LASIK, as the wavefront treatment typically requires slightly more laser treatment for each diopter or power treated.
	www.lasik2020.com /html/wavefront.html (663 words)

	Wavefront LASIK Surgery in Northern California and San Francisco Bay Areas by ScottHyver Visioncare
		The goal of Wavefront LASIK, then, is to improve a patient's overall vision quantity and quality by, one, eliminating the lower order aberrations of nearsightedness and astigmatism; and two, by reducing, or at least not increasing, higher order aberrations.
		Wavefront LASIK would not be possible without a measuring device called an aberrometer, which generates a complete aberration map of the eye, consisting of both lower and higher order aberrations.
		Wavefront data can be used diagnostically for pre-operative screening and post-surgical analysis, and also as a basis to direct the operations of the laser during the treatment process (see below).
	www.scotthyver.com /vision/wavefrontlasik.shtml (1072 words)

	Wavefront Guided Custom LASIK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Using the Wavefront technology, it is possible to first map these subtle visual imperfections and then develop a laser treatment plan to correct them.
		The key to Wavefront treatment is a device called a Tscherning Wavefront Analyser.
		This image is then compared with one from a normal eye and the difference between the two provides a "Wavefront Map" which is used to program the laser.
	www.eyecareindia.com /files/Opinion_wavefront.htm (278 words)

	Denver Wavefront Custom Lasik Surgery
		Your unique wavefront pattern is programmed into the VISX Star S4 Excimer Laser, allowing customized LASIK treatment specific to your eye, increasing the precision and accuracy of LASIK.
		Wavefront technology generates a computerized, 3-dimensional measurement of your eye.
		Wavefront technology was initially designed to identify and correct microscopic aberrations in the complex telescopic systems used in astrophysics (astronomy), such as in the Hubbell telescope.
	www.levinsoneyeclinic.com /wavefront.htm (745 words)

	Wavefront LASIK advances refractive surgery
		The wavefront data is translated into a mathematical formula that the surgeon uses to program corrections into the laser, which vaporizes tissue to reshape the cornea to correct refractive errors.
		Studies comparing results of wavefront LASIK with conventional LASIK found that 90 to 94 percent of patients receiving wavefront LASIK achieved visual acuity of 20/20 or better, whereas up to 80 percent of those receiving conventional LASIK achieved 20/20 or better.
		In addition to refractive surgery, wavefront technology is also being used in the design of contact and intraocular lenses and to diagnose retinal conditions.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-10/aaoo-wla100203.php (581 words)

	Beverly Hills LASIK Center -- Wavefront LASIK, Custom LASIK eye surgery -- Santa Monica and Los Angeles
		Wavefront LASIK is more precisely designed to enhance the quality of your vision.
		Contact the Beverly Hills LASIK Center today about Wavefront LASIK, and find out if you would be a good candidate for the procedure.
		Contact us today in Beverly Hills with your questions about Wavefront LASIK treatment to see if the procedure is right for you.
	www.cornell-eye.com /html/technology.html (1056 words)

	Wavefront Energy & Environmental Services Inc.
		With a focus on global markets, Wavefront specializes in offering proven, leading edge integrated solutions to address the unique challenges of oil production maximization as well as optimized groundwater cleanup.
		Wavefront’s business concept is to identify, appraise, and commercialize high value intellectual capital and proprietary products in the energy and environmental sectors.
		Wavefront’s core technology is a proprietary technology known as DeepWave
	www.onthewavefront.com (132 words)

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