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Topic: Weak hypercharge

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	Weak Axis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Strangeness is a quantized property that is associated with the weak force.
		Hypercharge and isospin are other quantum properties associated with the weak force.
		The "Weakness Axis" indicates what I call the "neutrino number" composition of the particles, minus one for the bottom cell, zero for the middle cell, and plus one for the top cell, in each group.
	home.earthlink.net /~tdp/weak_axis.html (428 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Hypercharge
		Do not confuse this hypercharge, related to the strong interaction, with similarly named weak hypercharge, which has an analogous role in the electroweak interaction.
		Hypercharge was a concept developed in the mid-to-late 1900's, to organize groups of particles in the "subatomic zoo" and to develop ad-hoc conservation laws based on their observed transformations.
		Weak hypercharge, however, remains of practical use in various theories of the electroweak interaction.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Hypercharge (478 words)

	Weak interaction and CKM matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the framework of the standard model, weak and electromagnetic interactions appear in consequence of the requirement that the Lagrangian is invariant under
		An example of the weak interaction diagram for the electron is shown in Figure 1.1 left side.
		However in the weak interaction of the quark, the situation is a bit different.
	hep-www.px.tsukuba.ac.jp /~satoru/PhD_thesis/node5.html (259 words)

	Hypercharge and Weak Isospin
		There is a close relation between weak isospin and Heisenberg's original isospin: in particular, the isospin of a nucleon is the sum of the weak isospins of the three quarks it is made of.
		on this irrep, corresponding to weak isospin and hypercharge.
		In Problem 1 of the previous homework you may have noticed that for leptons and quarks, the average of the hypercharge of the right-handed ones is equal to the hypercharge of the left-handed one.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/qg-spring2003/hypercharge (1190 words)

	Weak interaction
		In the case of weak interaction the only way to solve the short-distance problem, is then to introduce intermediary bosons.
		A weak interaction theory involving intermediate vector bosons also supplies an explanation for the observed universality of weak interactions.
		, and the corresponding weak hypercharge is accordingly
	home.broadpark.no /~aklepp/astri/thesis/node50.html (603 words)

	flavour_(particle_physics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A name for the set of quantum numbers related to isospin, hypercharge and strangeness is said to have been found on the way to lunch by Murray Gell-Mann and Harald Fritzsch when they passed a Baskin-Robbins advertising 31 flavours.
		Weak isospin and weak hypercharge are gauged in the Standard Model.
		Hadrons inherit their flavour quantum number from their valence quarks: this is the basis of the classification in the quark model.
	www.101weightlosspills.com /wiki/?title=Flavour_(particle_physics) (1077 words)

	Quark
		With the proof of asymptotic freedom in QCD in 1973 by David Gross, Frank Wilczek and David Politzer the connection was firmly established.
		The charm quark was postulated by Sheldon Glashow, Iliopoulos and Maiani in 1973 to prevent unphysical flavour changes in weak decays which would otherwise occur in the standard model.
		The discovery in 1975 of the meson which came to be called the J/à led to the recognition that it was made of a charm quark and its antiquark.
	www.sfcrowsnest.com /scifinder/a/Quark.php (2034 words)

	charge quantization and gravity
		The first two vanish if\nthe sum of hypercharges in a generation is zero, and the sum of the\ncubes is also zero.
		The first two vanish if\nandgt; the sum of hypercharges in a generation is zero, and the sum of the\nandgt; cubes is also zero.
		Actually, the first\nvanishes if the sum of hypercharges of the left handed particles is\nzero, and the second if the sum of the cubes of the left handed\nparticles minus that of the right handed particles is zero.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=19020 (3030 words)

	Quark Resources & Information - quark express
		Each flavour defines a quantum number which is conserved under the strong interactions, but not the weak interactions.
		The magnitude of flavour changing in the weak interaction is encoded into a structure called the CKM matrix.
		The charm quark was postulated by Sheldon Glashow, Iliopoulos and Maiani in 1973 to prevent unphysical flavour changes in weak decays which would otherwise occur viewer for quark files in the standard discovery of quark model.
	www.bizhisto.com /Biz-Retail-Companies-P---Q/Quark.html (2030 words)

	Electroweak Unification
		The weak force is not radioactivity, it is only the cause of certain kinds of particle decay.
		The photon of QED, for example is not "Pure" EM (weak hypercharge) in the particle-physics sense.
		The Z and the W+/- are likewise low-energy phenomena (and not weak isospin).
	lofi.forum.physorg.com /Electroweak-Unification_8580.html (381 words)

	Predicted force strengths and all nuclear particle masses from a causal mechanism
		The strong and weak forces are empirically known to be very short-ranged, which implies they are mediated by massive bosons unlike the photon which is said to be lacking mass although really it carries momentum and has mass in a sense.
		Clearly this weak hypercharge effect is what has been missing from my naive causal model (where observed long range quark electric charge is determined merely by the strength of vacuum polarization shielding of the electric charges closely confined).
		The weak hypercharge of a downquark in a meson containing 2 quarks is Y=1/3 compared to Y=-2/3 for a downquark in a baryon containing 3 quarks.
	feynman137.tripod.com (16321 words)

	: Electroweak Interactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Besides, we must take into account that the electromagnetic and weak couplings are of very different intensity.
		The hope for success is based on the development of the theories with an spontaneously broken gauge symmetry which will allow to obtain a renormalizable model.
		Finally we include in Table 1 the usual set of physical observables together with their Standard Model predictions and their present and future experimental uncertainties.
	fisica.usac.edu.gt /public/curccaf_proc/garcia/node26.html (1611 words)

	Joe Hucks's Thesis Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Of the four, only S(U(3)xU(2)) offers a hypercharge quantization condition which motivates the different hypercharges in a family of quarks and leptons.
		The spontaneous symmetry breaking to an electrostrong U(3) is briefly discussed, and it is shown that electric charge quantization follows from weak hypercharge quantization.
		Chapter 1 concludes by imposing the anomaly cancellation conditions with those of hypercharge quantization to uniquely determine the ratios of the hypercharges in a standard quark-lepton family.
	www.itp.ucsb.edu /~doug/abs/hucks_phd.html (338 words)

	Re: Standard Model Group structure
		The electron, for example, with weak hypercharge value Y = -2, correponds to the irreducible representation of U(1) given by: exp(i \theta) \mapsto exp(i -2 \theta) However, quarks possess non-integral weak hypercharge.
		However, to deal with weak hypercharge, we can choose i3 as the basis vector, and we can define u(1) as u(1)_2 = {i3 r_2 : r_2 in R^1}.
		The issue of non-integral weak hypercharge (and electric charge) has been addressed by Roepstorff and Vehns ('Towards a Unified Theory of Gauge and Yukawa Interaction', hep-ph/0006065), and by Rizov and Vitev ('A Note of the Gauge Group of the Electroweak Interactions', hep-ph/0009169).
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2002-10/msg0044666.html (1886 words)

	Amazon.com: "weak singlets": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Weak Scale Supersymmetry: From Superfields to Scattering Events by Howard Baer, Xerxes Tata
		In the simplest technicolor theory one introduces a left-handed weak-doublet of "technifermions", and the corresponding right-handed weak-singlets; both trans- form as N's of a strong SU(N)TC technicolor gauge group.
		26) eight colored weak singlets: 4(i, 3, - 3) + 3(l, 3, + 3) + (3, 1, 3) (7.27) a weak singlet quix: (6, 1,...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/weak-singlets (491 words)

	Amazon.com: "weak hypercharge": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		17 Here "triality" is 1 for quarks, -1 for antiquarks and zero for colourless states, while y is weak hypercharge (conventionally normalised to be integer for leptons) and t3 the third component of weak isospin.
		144 4.8 The Gauge-Covariant Formulation of the GSW Theory: Weak Isospin and Weak Hypercharge.
		Three such kinds of charge, called color, weak isospin, and weak hypercharge, appear in the Standard Model.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/weak-hypercharge (463 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Open Forum :: Physics questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Suddenly as the temperature cools it's as if the universe is permeated by a sea of honey--some particles get bogged down and stuck in it (massive) while others are barely affected at all.
		Electromagnetism and the weak force are unified at high temperatures (i.e.
		The masses of the force-carrying particles (W plus and mins Bosons, Z Boson, photon etc.,) are constants that can be derived from the Higgs Lagrangian and guage invariance applied to the weak hypercharge U(1) and weak isospin SU(2) groups.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-1388.html (1280 words)

	The Electroweak Theory
		The strong force is described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), whereas the electromagnetic and weak forces are both described by the electroweak theory.
		field that couples to the weak hypercharge (Y) of particles.
		The four fields cannot be directly associated with the four gauge bosons discussed earlier, for a start they represent massless particles.
	www.hep.ucl.ac.uk /~jpc/all/ulthesis/node13.html (215 words)

	sci.physics: Re: What if the higgs don't exist....
		>third component of the weak isospin, and the weak hypercharge.
		by differences in weak charge between the flavors.
		That term goes to almost zero for all but the smallest d.
	sci.tech-archive.net /Archive/sci.physics/2004-11/0519.html (496 words)

	Towards a Grand Unified Field Theory based on Phi Recursion and Quantum Gravity
		For example, this would mean that chemical and radiochemical reactions would occur at the same rate as the original reaction (i.e., before the mirror transformation).
		However, during the 1950's Parity violations were discovered for some examples of radioactive decay processes (processes known to involve the weak nuclear force).
		On the left is the CKM Matrix along with a vector of strong force eigenstates of the quarks in the traditional quantum mechanical bra-ket notation, and on the right is the weak force eigenstates of the quarks.
	www.geocities.com /salvi1740@sbcglobal.net/index.html (3147 words)

	Gravity
		The binding of pairs of quarks is by the weak force only (which would explain why they are so unstable, they’re only weakly bound and so more easily decay than triads which are strongly bound). The weak force also has effects on triads of quarks.
		Kepler was a crackpot/noise maker; despite his laws and discovery of elliptical orbits, he got the biggest problem wrong, believing that the earth - which William Gilbert had discovered to be a giant magnet - was kept in orbit around the sun by magnetic force.
		So he was a noise generator, a crackpot. If you drop a bag of nails, they don’t all align to the earth’s magnetism because it is so weak, but they do all fall - because gravity is relatively strong due to the immense amounts of mass involved.
	nige.wordpress.com (10886 words)

	1943 Navy Ship Philadelphia Experiment Wormhole Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Note that the MASSLESS PHOTON is a linear combination of HYPERCHARGE + WEAK
		The MASSIVE W^0 is also a linear combination of HYPERCHARGE - WEAK
		This is quantized geometrodynamic "flux without flux" N = -1 is a Hedgehog.
	www.groupsrv.com /science/ntopic122026.html (2012 words)

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