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Topic: Weak verb

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West Germanic strong verb

Ablaut

English verbs

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Declension class

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	Weak (grammatical term) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In grammar, the term weak (originally coined in German: schwach) is used in opposition to the term strong (stark) to designate a conjugation or declension when a language has two parallel systems.
		Verbs with a weak radical are termed weak verbs, and form partially regular exceptions to the normal conjugation rule.
		It is true that most English or German weak verbs are regular, whereas Germanic strong verbs, despite the regularity of the system, are normally taught as irregular verbs; but there are also irregular weak verbs in English and German, and in Hebrew the weak verbs are the most irregular ones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weak_verb (570 words)

	Encyclopedia: Germanic weak verb
		Weak verbs should be contrasted with strong verbs, which form their past tenses by means of ablaut.
		Weak verbs are often thought of as having a regular inflection, but not all weak verbs are regular verbs; some have been made irregular by ellipsis or contraction, such as hear ~ heard; while others are merely irregular due to the eccentricities of English spelling, such as lay ~ laid.
		In linguistics, a participle is an adjective derived from a verb.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Germanic-weak-verb (1223 words)

	Germanic weak verb -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Weak verbs should be contrasted with (Click link for more info and facts about strong verbs) strong verbs, which form their past tenses by means of (A vowel whose quality or length is changed to indicate linguistic distinctions (such as sing sang sung song)) ablaut.
		This rests on the misconception that these verbs display both (A vowel whose quality or length is changed to indicate linguistic distinctions (such as sing sang sung song)) ablaut and a dental suffix, and are therefore at once strong and weak.
		The term "weak verb" was originally coined by (The older of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories; also author of Grimm's Law describing consonant changes in Germanic languages (1785-1863)) Jakob Grimm and in his sense refers only to Germanic philology.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/germanic_weak_verb.htm (708 words)

	Germanic verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Later Germanic languages developed further tenses periphrastically, that is, using auxiliary verbs, but the constituent verbs of even the most elaborate periphrastic constructions are still only either in present or preterite (cf I would have had with would in preterite).
		Weak (or consonantal) verbs are those which use a dental suffix, either -t- or -d-.
		The English verb to go was always irregular, having the past tense eode in Old English; in the 15th century, however, this was replaced by a new irregular past tense went.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strong_verb (822 words)

	10. A Grammar Toolkit. The American Heritage Book of English Usage. 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A property of transitive verbs whereby the subject of the verb is the agent of the action.
		A verb form indicating past or completed action or time that is used as an adjective and is used with auxiliary verbs to form the passive voice or the perfect and pluperfect tenses.
		This is true for sentences with verbs in the passive voice and for verbs with a passive meaning, such as undergo in She underwent surgery to repair her shoulder.
	www.bartleby.com /64/10.html (3789 words)

	Helpfile
		Participle: A form of the verb (present or past participle) that is used as part of a compound tense or as an adjective or adverb.
		Separable Prefix Verb: A verb composed of a stem and a prefix that modifies the meaning of that stem; the prefix may stand apart from the inflected stem verb in a sentence.
		The passive verb is made using a form of the auxiliary verb "werden" plus the past participle of the main verb; the result must be marked for person, number, and tense.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/arens/tutorial/helpfile.htm (1716 words)

	The Goldogrin Past Tense
		Weak preterites in Goldogrin are formed simply by the addition of a suffix (‑i, ‑thi, or ‑ni) to the stem, which remains otherwise unchanged,2 e.g., celu- trickle, pret.
		Verbs ending in the extension ‑u comprise a third and relatively common subgroup of the Weak I class; in these verbs, the ending ‑u is retained in the preterite, with ‑ui > ‑wi (felu seem, pret.
		It is possible that this represents a different conception of this verb from that in the entry for cwas- and cwath-, or it could indicate that cwas- (cwôsi) came to be regarded as exclusively transitive in contrast to intransitive cwath-, with cwanthi and cwasti used as the preterites of either form.
	www.elvish.org /Tengwestie/articles/Wynne/goldpat.phtml (5774 words)

	German Verb Classes
		Verbs from this category are the most basic in the language, and this is the most archaic type of verb that still exists.
		In terms of the verb classes, the subdivision of the weak verbs in OHG continued to be into four separate classes, although these varied slightly from their Germanic predecessors.
		The strong verb classes seem to have undergone no major changes in the period from OHG to MHG, except for a "coalescence in class VII in consequence of a phonological change." [20] There was regional variation in regard to phonology and grammar, but in general the strong verbs remained quite regular.
	www.nthuleen.com /papers/130paper.html (2427 words)

	G2CH6T1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In English, the first verb is a present tense conjugation of "to have" while the second verb is what we call a past participle.
		The -ge- prefix is sandwiched between the separable prefix and the participle.
		A strong or weak English verb is that way because of its origin as a strong or weak German verb.
	www.pbcc.cc.fl.us /faculty/KONOPACS/G2/G2CH6T1.html (693 words)

	Old English language Article, OldEnglishlanguage Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Some verbs that were originally stronghave become weak; most foreign verbs are adopted as weak verbs; and when verbs are made from nouns (eg "to scroll" or "to water")the resulting verb is weak.
		Incombination, these factors have drastically reduced the number of strong verbs, so that in modern English weak verbs are thedominant form (although occasionally a weak verb may turn into a strong verb through the process of analogy, such as "to spit" or"to sneak").
		They fall under the same categories (strong or weak, masculine or feminineor neuter, singular or plural) and have the same number of cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and instrumental).There is a great deal of overlap between the endings of adjectives and those of nouns, especially since you usually match thetwo.
	www.anoca.org /verbs/strong/old_english_language.html (3034 words)

	Untitled Document
		Weak verbs are those verbs that form their past tense by adding -ed, -d, -t, to the present.
		Strong verbs are those that form their past tense by changing their vowel in the body of the present, without adding a -t, -d or -ed.
		In general, the characteristic mark of a weak verb is the presence in the Past Tense of a final 'd' or 't' that is not found in the present.
	www.classteacher.com /content/curriculum/concepts/english9.html (1245 words)

	E-Intro to Old English - 7. Verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Verbs like Modern English buy/bought, which both change their vowels in the past tense and add the dental consonant characteristic of the weak past, should not be confused with verbs like swim/swam, which are descended from the Old English strong verbs.
		A few verbs have the characteristics of the first weak class in the present tense and of strong class 5 or 6 in the past tense.
		Verbs of knowing, seeing, hearing and commanding may be followed by an accusative object and an infinitive expressing what that object is doing or should do.
	www.wmich.edu /medieval/research/rawl/IOE/inflverb.html (5401 words)

	Engl401 \| Lessons \| Old English Weak Verbs: Present and Preterite
		The Old English "weak verbs" are the ancestors of our "regular verbs," although this fact does not necessarily make them familiar, any more than the strong noun declension is familiar because it is the ancestor of our common noun declension.
		There are several classes of weak verbs, as you can see by looking at the table in the outline grammar, but we will begin by learning only one representative verb, lufian, and that verb (for the moment) only in the indicative present and past tenses.
		We encountered quite a few weak verbs in the past tense in the "Abraham and Isaac" text.
	www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/eduweb/engl401/lessons/wkvbpers.htm (450 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		When the past tense of a verb changes its vowel like a strong verb but also has a dental ending like a weak verb, the present generally has i-mutation while the past does not.
		First-class weak verbs are often derived from the past singular of strong verbs, adding i-mutation.
		Strong verbs whose root vowels are subject to i-mutation generally have i-mutation in the 2nd- and 3rd-person singular present indicative.
	www.engl.virginia.edu /OE/OEA/exercises/imutation.sgm (493 words)

	Grammatical Foci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Verbs which end in -ieren are weak and receive no ge- prefix in their past participle (studiert, reserviert, gratuliert).
		The counterpart to weak verbs are “strong” verbs.
		The same weak verbs which were irregular in the Present Perfect are irregular in the Imperfect and utilize the same irregular stem.
	lewis.up.edu /efl/vermeers/grammar-con.html (2115 words)

	Verb Classes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		What we thought of as weak verbs is a generalization of Classes 1-4.
		Since most of the verbs that belong to a class have common characteristics, it will be helpful to memorize one verb from each class as a reference for other verbs in that class.
		The ultimate determiner to which class a verb belongs is not the verb root, but the way it forms past and present/future tenses.
	www.unc.edu /~echeran/paadanool/lesson19.html (241 words)

	Examples Of German Causative Verbs
		Always when the base verb is weak, this is a strong indication that the derivation of the causative verb is not directly from the base verb.
		One or both of the verbs have changed their meaning so that the meaning of the causative verb is no longer to cause the action of the base verb.
		The causative verb is derived from a noun, not from the non-causative verb which is a cognate.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~hr/lang/caus.html (1355 words)

	GERMANIC WEAK VERB FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Weak verbs should be contrasted with strong_verbs, which form their past tenses by means of ''ablaut''.
		The Preterite-present_verbs are in a sense weak verbs with very significant irregularities; but usually they are not bracketed under weak verbs.
		For other aspects of the verb in Germanic languages see the overview article Germanic_verb.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Germanic_weak_verb (632 words)

	Course Pack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs are inflected in OE.
		Verb tense: Verbs in OE are marked by inflection as either present tense or preterite (i.e.
		All weak verbs have in common that they form their past tenses by adding a dental suffix —; a —d or —t sound between the stem and the personal ending.
	home.earthlink.net /~aldhelm/OECoursepack.html (5927 words)

	German Review Grammar
		The present perfect is formed with the present tense of the verb haben - (in a few cases with the verb sein) - and the past participle of the verb.
		The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding ge to the front of the verb stem (that is the infinitive without the nor enending) and t or et to the end of the stem.
		The passive voice in German is formed with the appropriate tense of the verb werden and the past-participle of the verb.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~oberle/courses/review.html (9728 words)

	Verbs - Past Tense
		However, there are many fewer strong verbs than weak verbs, so you should learn to recognize those and then assume that the rest are weak.
		You just need to memorize the forms of each verb (refer to the list of strong verbs and their forms in your textbook).
		In contrast, forming the past tense of weak verbs follows an easily recognizable pattern, and it is most efficient to learn what the pattern is and how to apply it rather than to memorize the forms of each individual verb.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/norwegian/grammar/past-tense.html (275 words)

	Literary Terms and Definitions W (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		WEAK ENDING: In poetry, another term for a feminine ending, in which the last syllable of a metrical line is unstressed.
		WEAK VERB: In linguistics, a Germanic verb whose principle parts require the addition of a dental suffix--i.e., typically a
		Contrast with a strong verb, one whose linguistic principal parts were formed by ablaut of the stem vowel, Examples of a strong verb surviving into modern English would be the verb swim, with forms like swim, swam, swum, as opposed to a weak verb like indicate, indicated, or have indicated.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/lit_terms_W.html (2924 words)

	weak verb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The verb is strong enough for the noun, and vice versa.
		Using a vivid active verb often has this effect; it forces writers to make up their minds, to express their opinions fully, to say exactly what they mean.
		Try to use verbs that evoke a metaphor or concrete image (so long as it is an appropriate image, of course).
	www.yale.edu /bass/wp/wv.html (233 words)

	SImple past tense
		The "e"s are in parentheses because you do not need them for weak and irregular weak verbs (which have a "-te" as the tense marker), but you do need them for the strong verbs.
		Weak verbs are verbs which do not have a stem change in the past tenses.
		Irregular weak verbs are irregular because they are a hybrid of weak and strong verbs.
	comp.uark.edu /~condray/2003_2013/simplepast.html (553 words)

	G2CH10T1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The formation of the simple past and the perfect depends on whether the verb is weak or strong.
		All verbs have "three principal parts" (1) the infinitive (2) the simple past tense form and (3) the participle.
		Ich habe geangelt, du hast gearbeitet, er hat besichtigt (remember that verbs beginning with inseparable prefixes such as be- and ver- as well as verbs ending in -ieren take no ge- in the formation of the participle), wir haben besucht, ihr habt gecampt, sie/Sie haben fotografiert, sie/Sie haben gefragt etc.
	www.pbcc.cc.fl.us /faculty/KONOPACS/G2/G2CH10T1.html (690 words)

	weak nuclear force - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about weak nuclear force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The particles that carry the weak force are called weakons (or intermediate vector bosons) and comprise the positively and negatively charged W particles and the neutral Z particle.
		Weak in Mountain Phase (US Marines, origin of acronym)
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Weak+nuclear+force (134 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		verb: To have run or passed away quickly FLEE IAV Neg SUPV Actv Travel Weak
		verb: Moved swiftly, usually through the air (past tense of fly) FLEXIBLE Pos Modif Qual Pstv
		1% verb: To result as a logical or necessary consequence--e.g.
	www.webuse.umd.edu:9090 /dictKS/dictKS05.html (4649 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		72% verb: Used as a copula to connect a subject and its predicate adjective, predicate nominative, etc. in order to describe, identify, or amplify the subject.
		92% verb: To perceive, understand, be acquainted with, to have fixed in the mind, to be cognizant or aware of
		92% verb: To be inclined, to habitually behave
	www.webshop.umd.edu:9090 /tags/TAGSV.html (755 words)

	[No title]
		Kick the verb to the end with weil and other subordinating conjuntions
		Fill in the correct separable-prefix verb when used with modal verbs
		Fill in the correct verb form of the separable-prefix verb
	www.serve.com /shea/acht.htm (782 words)

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