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Topic: Weakening

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	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The weakening portion weakens the current-supply conductor upon indenting the contact pin, and the fixation portion causes the current-supply conductor to be fixed in the contact pin such that the end portion of the current-supply conductor can be readily torn off without the fixation of the current-supply conductor being substantially reduced.
		During its fixation, the current-supply conductor is weakened at the location of the weakening portion to such an extent that, when a pulling force is exerted on the end portion of the current-supply conductor projecting from the contact pin, the current- supply conductor breaks off in a predetermined location.
		The indentation 15 comprises a weakening portion 16 for weakening the current-supply conductor 5 during the manufacture of the electric lamp and comprises a fixation portion 18 for fixing the current-supply conductor 5 in the contact pin 4.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/107376.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2843 words)

	Monotonicity of entailment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In sequent calculi this property can be captured by an inference rule called weakening, or sometimes thinning, and in such systems one may say that entailment if monotone just in case the rule is admissible.
		In most logics, weakening is either an inference rule or a metatheorem if the logic doesn't have an explicit rule.
		Bunched implications where weakening is restricted to additive composition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weakening (156 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the SAR, it was noted that the thermohaline circulation (THC) weakens as CO increases in the atmosphere in most coupled climate model integrations.
		The weakening of the THC in the Atlantic Ocean results in a reduction of the poleward heat transport that in turn leads to a minimum in the surface warming in the northern North Atlantic Ocean and/or in the circumpolar Ocean (see Section 9.3.2).
		A recent study (Stouffer and Manabe, 1999) found that the amount of weakening of the THC by the time of CO doubling is a function of the rate of CO increase and not the absolute increase in the radiative forcing.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/357.htm (986 words)

	Bone marrow fat may indicate bone weakening
		The study, conducted by researchers at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington DC, showed that increased BMF is an independent marker of bone weakening.
		This is a pilot study that included 26 patients who underwent both DEXA and MR spectroscopy of the lumbar spine, said Dieter Schellinger, MD, author of the study.
		The ratio was higher in healthy people and lower in those with signs of bone weakening, he said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-12/arrs-bmf120604.php (298 words)

	weakening - definition by dict.die.net
		weakening adj 1: causing debilitation [syn: debilitative, enervating, enfeebling] 2: moderating by making pain or sorrow weaker n 1: becoming weaker [ant: strengthening] 2: the act of reducing the strength of something [ant: strengthening]
		To make weak; to lessen the strength of; to deprive of strength; to debilitate; to enfeeble; to enervate; as, to weaken the body or the mind; to weaken the hands of a magistrate; to weaken the force of an objection or an argument.
		Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done.
	dict.die.net /weakening (107 words)

	Earth's magnetic field weakening - Science - MSNBC.com
		Instead, the weakening, measured since 1845, could represent little more than an "excursion," or lull, in the naturally variable strength of the Earth's magnetic field, said John Tarduno of the University of Rochester.
		Over the southern Atlantic Ocean, a continued weakening in the strength of the magnetic field has diminished the shielding effect it has locally in protecting the Earth from the natural radiation that bombards our planet from space, scientists said.
		The weakening, if coupled with a subsequently large influx of radiation in the form of protons streaming from the sun, can also affect the chemistry of the atmosphere, said Charles Jackman of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/3693932 (434 words)

	CNN.com - Report: Earth's magnetic field fading - Dec. 12, 2003
		Instead, the weakening, measured since 1845, could represent little more than an "excursion," or lull, which can last for hundreds of years, said John Tarduno of the University of Rochester.
		Over the southern Atlantic Ocean, a continued weakening of the magnetic field has diminished the shielding effect it has locally in protecting the Earth from the natural radiation that bombards our planet from space, scientists said.
		The weakening -- if coupled with a subsequently large influx of radiation in the form of protons streaming from the sun -- can also affect the chemistry of the atmosphere, said Charles Jackman of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/science/12/12/magnetic.poles.ap (357 words)

	FRICTIONAL WEAKENING AND SLIP COMPLEXITY IN EARTHQUAKE FAULTS -- Web of Science version 4.1 (ISI1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In addition, a possible physical origin of frictional weakening is examined, through a very simplified mathematical representation of a physical process proposed by Sibson (1973), whereby frictional heating causes an increase in pore fluid temperature and pressure, thereby reducing the effective normal stress and friction.
		The two different types of frictional weakening are derived from two opposing limits, with slip weakening occurring when the dissipation of heating is slow compared to the rupture timescale, as Lachenbruch (1980) has shown, while velocity weakening is shown to occur when the dissipation is fast compared to the rupture timescale.
		Since both end-member cases of frictional weakening are seen to produce slip complexity, slip complexity is argued to be a generic feature of frictional weakening and elastodynamics on a fault.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~shaw/abstracts/s95.html (222 words)

	President Boxer: Public Weakening
		They just want to weaken her so they can score points against this administration and the majority party in general.
		Their motivation was simply to "get" the guy they didn't like and to trample him (perhaps one could phrase it as "weakening") for the sole purpose of scoring points for their side (one might phrase it as "partisan gain").
		If this weakens the nominee, it is only because they aren't used to someone on this side of the fence standing up and being strong.
	presidentboxer.blogspot.com /2005/01/public-weakening.html (839 words)

	Greenhouse Effect Weakening? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A new study appearing in the January 10 issue of Geophysical Research Letters has found that the greenhouse effect may be weakening due to changes in cloud cover that do not correspond with climate model predictions.
		The study, conducted by Robert Cess, with the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and his late colleague Petra Udelhofen, looked at the role of clouds on climate in the tropics and subtropics by comparing the results of a climate model to observations.
		With the exception of a few years after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, the increase in OLR has been fairly steady.
	www.globalwarming.org /article.php?uid=210 (536 words)

	SCEC Research: 1998 Research
		The laboratory evidence bearing on models of weakening in the dynamic regime has been almost non-existent, and we have been obliged to use plausible models obtained from low strain-rate, i.e.
		Rice and Lapusta have shown that crack growth in a weakening regime characterized by the rate-state rule, develops a series of slip pulses that develop as a sequence of instabilities.
		Knopoff and Landoni have shown analytically that the ad hoc assumption of either a linear slip weakening law or a linear velocity weakening law in the vicinity of a crack edge is non-physical.
	www.scec.org /research/98research/98thrust5.html (1131 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The differences in the rate of weakening between Model A and Model B are evident in the rate of decay of their respective slip-velocity histories.
		Consequently, with the possible exception of Ide and Takeo’s (1997) 1 m slip weakening distance (slow rate of weakening) for the shallow Nojima Fault, none of the presently available determinations of slip weakening distance or strength excess based on waveform inversion is unique.
		The fundamental ambiguity is that strength excess and slip weakening distance have competing effects on rupture velocity, which largely controls the waveforms.
	pangea.stanford.edu /~patti/BSSA_99.html (9344 words)

	Selective Memoization and Goal-weakening
		The goal weakening technique can also be used to eliminate typical instances of the problems concerning the occur check (discussed in the previous subsection).
		For the experiments discussed in the final section all goal weakening operators were chosen by hand, based on small experiments and inspection of the goal table and item table.
		For the current version of the grammar of OVIS, it turned out that weakening the goal category in such a way that all information below a depth of 6 is replaced by fresh variables eliminated the problem caused by the absence of the occur check; moreover this goal weakening operator reduced parsing times substantially.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~vannoord/papers/cl97/node3.html (1851 words)

	Cavitation Fatigue. Embolism and Refilling Cycles Can Weaken the Cavitation Resistance of Xylem -- Hacke et al. 125 ...
		The weakening response was identical whether xylem was stressed to >70 PLC on the centrifuge or by air drying.
		This indicated that the weakening response was not caused by mechanical
		weakening may also be caused by freezing-induced cavitation.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/125/2/779 (4339 words)

	Inbreeding and Genetic Weakening
		Genetic weakening occurs with mice raised in a safe (captive) environment.
		When mice are protected from the natural culling of the wild, genetically "weak" mice survive long enough to reproduce and pass their genes on.
		Well along with more domestic traits come things like reduced intelligence, lower resistance to disease and all the undesirable traits that are no longer culled out.
	mouseranch.com /FYI/inbreeding.html (609 words)

	Search for Weakening - WordIQ.com
		A structural rule or structural principle of mathematical logic that states that the hypotheses of any derived fact may be freely extended with additional assumptions.
		have to conclude that the NIH has weakened its policy and that the weakening is unjustified and harmful...
		The consensus among currency traders for a continuing weakening of the dollar is overwhelming," said Ashraf Laidi, chief...
	www.wordiq.com /web/weakening.html (363 words)

	NASA - Top Story - SATELLITES RECORD WEAKENING NORTH ATLANTIC CURRENT - April 15, 2004
		The current, known as the sub polar gyre, has weakened in the past in connection with certain phases of a large-scale atmospheric pressure system known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
		The cycle is sensitive to the paths of winter storms and to the buoyant fresh water from glacial melting and precipitation, all of which are experiencing great change.
		While previous studies have proposed winds resulting from the NAO have influenced the subpolar gyre's currents, this study found heat exchanges from the ocean to the atmosphere may be playing a bigger role in the weakening current.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/2004/0415gyre.html (1131 words)

	Satellite image shows La Niña weakening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This image shows that the unusual large-scale warming (shown here in red and white) in the northwest Pacific that was first observed by the satellite in November 1998 has increased in size and spread east to the central Pacific and south to the equator.
		Although weakening, the La Niña pattern continues to exert a strong influence on the worldwide climate system.
		According to oceanographers, the cold La Niña water acts like a boulder in a stream, steering the planet's prevailing winds and changing the course of storms that are born over the ocean.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /elnino/990127.html (231 words)

	Separating Weakening and Contraction in a Linear Lambda Calculus - Maraist (ResearchIndex)
		We present a separated-linear lambda calculus of resource consumption based on a refinement of linear logic which allows separate control of weakening and contraction.
		Separating weakening and contraction in a linear lambda calculus.
		4 Separating weakening and contraction in a linear lambda calc..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /maraist96separating.html (665 words)

	El Niño Events: results from weakening easterly trade winds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The easterly trade winds are driven by a surface pressure pattern of higher pressure in the eastern Pacific and lower pressure in the west.
		The weakened trade winds allow warmer water from the western Pacific to surge eastward, so the sea level flattens out.
		These nutrients are vital for sustaining the large fish populations normally found in the region and any reduction in the supply of nutrients means a reduction in the fish population.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/wwhlpr/eln_event.rxml?hret=/guides/mtr/eln/def (127 words)

	Expression of an Expansin Is Associated with Endosperm Weakening during Tomato Seed Germination -- Chen and Bradford ...
		Weakening of the endosperm cap can be measured by puncture force analysis (Groot and Karssen, 1987
		the extent of weakening of the endosperm cap tissues.
		Groot SPC, Karssen CM (1987) Gibberellins regulate seed germination in tomato by endosperm weakening: a study with gibberellin-deficient mutants.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/124/3/1265 (5710 words)

	recenzja: Deeds Of Flesh "Path Of The Weakening"
		"Path Of The Weakening" to już bodaj trzecie pełnowymiarowe wydawnictwo Deeds Of Flesh.
		Inną cechą płyty "Path Of The Weakening", która może kojarzyć się z zespołem Glena Bentona, jest stosunkowo częste użycie chorych, flo-podobnych wrzasków, które towarzyszą typowemu dla death metalu, głebokiemu wokalowi.
		Mimo pewnych niedostatków brzmieniowych, płyta "Path Of The Weakening" powinna zadowolić maniaków najbrutalniejszej z muzycznych form.
	www.rockmetal.pl /recenzje/deeds.of.flesh-path.of.the.weakening.html (424 words)

	Different Aspects Weakening the Presidency. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The shift from party based to candidate based campaigns has weakened presidential ties in Washington.
		When a candidate comes into office he does not bring with him a broad base of party support anymore.
		Weakening party ties leads to and individual based campaign, which leads to outsider failure.
	www.studentcentral.co.uk /different_aspects_weakening_presidency_7452 (292 words)

	"Clear Skies" = Bush Smokescreen - Clean Air - Sierra Club
		In his 2003 State of the Union address, President Bush touted a plan that mandates a 70 percent cut in air pollution from power plants over the next 15 years.
		The EPA estimates that enforcement of existing toxic air pollution protections in the Clean Air Act will limit mercury pollution to 5 tons per year by 2008.
		The Bush Administration’s plan weakens the limit to 26 tons per year by 2010 — allowing 520 percent more mercury pollution.
	www.sierraclub.org /cleanair/clear_skies.asp (712 words)

	Chemicals and Effects Upon Health
		Petroleum based chemicals are believed to cause these problems by a variety of routes including - impairing proper DNA (Gene) expression, weakening DNA Repair, accelerating gene loss, degeneration of the body's detoxification defenses (liver and kidneys) as well as gradual weakening of the brain's primary defense - (the Blood Brain Barrier).
		Identifying a specific chemical as the "original cause" of these health disorders is difficult and often overlooked as it typically requires years of exposure for the body's inherent defenses to weaken sufficiently to result in observable health problems.
		Observed effects include weakening of the immune system (thereby resulting in increased colds, flu and infections), birth defects, genetic damage, accelerated aging of certain body organs, increased neurological damage to the elderly and serious harm to wildlife.
	www.chem-tox.com (1326 words)

	www.Landlords.co.nz - Weakening trend but housing consents still high (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although housing consents are still at historically high levels, housing construction activity has declined for the fourth month in a row.
		A consistent pattern of weakening housing construction activity is emerging, although housing consents are still at historically high levels.
		The 2,544 housing consents worth $490.8 million issued in May were just one less than the number issued in April but in seasonally adjusted terms were down 0.5%.
	www.landlords.co.nz /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1216 (134 words)

	The Oracle - Weakening of environmental standards unnecessary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Movie star Leonardo DiCaprio was received warmly by students when he, along with Carol Browner, former head of the Environmental Protection Agency during the Clinton administration, made an appearance at the Phyllis P. Marshall Center on Wednesday to delivered a damning indictment against the Bush administration's environmental record.
		The Natural Resources Defense Council lists more than 400 instances in which the Bush administration in part weakened environmental standards ranging from water pollution, which led to recent warnings about mercury in Florida's lakes and rivers, to so-called point sources, industrial polluters emitting pollution at one spatially restricted source.
		In what Kennedy labels a "stealth attack," Bush has gradually replaced virtually all individuals holding positions in the agency with lobbyists that favor the very sectors they are supposed to oversee.
	www.usforacle.com /vnews/display.v/ART/2004/10/21/4177aa8a374ce (486 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Reformation
		The reform councils of the fifteenth century, instead of improving the situation, weakened still more the highest ecclesiastical authority by reason of their anti-papal tendencies and measures.
		In princes and governments there had meanwhile developed a national consciousness, purely temporal and to a great extent hostile to the Church; the evil powers interfered more frequently in ecclesiastical matters, and the direct influence exercised by laymen on the domestic administration of the Church rapidly increased.
		King Christian II of Denmark (1513-23) welcomed the Reformation as a means of weakening the nobility and especially the clergy (who possessed extensive property) and thereby extending the power of the throne.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12700b.htm (10508 words)

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