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Topic: Weather prediction

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Weather forecasting

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	Weather forecasting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weather forecasting is the application of current technology and science to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location.
		Today, weather forecasts are made by collecting as much data as possible about the current state of the atmosphere (particularly the temperature, humidity and wind) and using understanding of atmospheric processes (through meteorology) to determine how the atmosphere evolves in the future.
		It was not until the invention of the telegraph in 1837 that the modern age of weather forecasting began.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weather_prediction (2634 words)

	Numerical weather prediction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Numerical weather prediction is the science of predicting the weather using "models" of the atmosphere and computational techniques.
		The basic idea of numerical weather prediction is to sample the state of the fluid at a given time and use the equations of fluid dynamics to estimate the state of the fluid at some time in the future.
		As proposed by Dr. Edward Lorenz in 1963, it is impossible to definitively predict the state of the atmosphere, owing to the nonlinear nature of fluid dynamics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Numerical_weather_prediction (948 words)

	A weather eye on unpredictability
		Although individual weather systems are instabilities of the larger-scale flow, they play a major role in maintaining the meanders of the jet stream on a planetary scale.
		In particular, although there are weather systems in the tropics, such as hurricanes, monsoon depressions and so on, that arise from instabilities of the larger-scale flow, these weather systems do not feed back into the larger-scale flow to the same extent as with weather systems in the middle latitudes.
		As with attempts at predicting weather regimes, uncertainty in climate forecasting is mitigated by the fact that several of the climate centres around the world now have sophisticated models.
	members.fortunecity.com /templarser/weather.html (3045 words)

	Weather Forecasting
		Weather radar and geostationary satellites are particularly valuable tools for this purpose, and their capabilities and usefulness have been and are being steadily improved.
		Advances in prediction at very short ranges can also be anticipated as a result of recently completed, and proposed future, field investigations of severe storms and of recent progress in numerical modeling of intermediate or mesoscale weather systems, such as tropical storms, squall lines, and large thunderstorm complexes.
		Regarding long-range prediction, there are signs that some improvement in predicting monthly or seasonal averages will emerge from present research on large-scale, ocean- atmosphere interactions and related topics; from expanded, global observations of the ocean- atmosphere system; and from the application of suitable numerical prediction models.
	www.ametsoc.org /policy/weaforc.html (2268 words)

	Numerical Weather Prediction inFAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Weather forecast computer modeling is known in the trade as numerical weather prediction (NWP).
		He soon realized that the amount of calculation would be formidable, so he proposed a weather prediction center in which a giant circular amphitheater would contain some 26,000 accountants equipped with calculators who would make their additions and subtractions as commanded by a sort of conductor.
		We all know that weather forecasters are right only part of the time, and that they often give their predictions as percentages of possibilities.
	www.scn.org /~bm733/inFAQ.htm (2681 words)

	New Satellite Promises Better Weather Prediction
		The short-term weather forecasts that most people watch on the nightly news, as well as predictions of climate changes over weeks and months, all originate from reports and charts provided by the National Weather Service, a branch of the National Oceans and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which uses massively parallel computers to process raw atmospheric data.
		Weather observations describe the atmospheric condition of an area at any given time and usually yield short-term predictions, on the order of a 24 hours to five days, of expected temperatures, humidity and precipitation.
		But most of them would be satisfied if the data allows meteorologists to predict the weather five days from now with the same accuracy they use for tomorrow.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/planetearth/airs_weather_020416-1.html (1033 words)

	SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thus, space weather forecasting is important for protecting national assets in both the commercial and military sectors.
		A method of real-time prediction of large nonrecurrent geomagnetic storms is under development at the Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory.
		The prediction results are compared with the Dst index published by the WDC, Kyoto University.
	wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil /prediction/index.html (2541 words)

	Met Office: Numerical weather prediction
		There are several groups all working within the Numerical Weather Prediction area of the Met Office, all with the ultimate aim of improving the numerical model that is used to forecast the weather; this in turn increases the accuracy of the forecasts that are issued.
		Both the aircraft and the balloon are heavily equipped with instrumentation for determining standard meteorological parameters and more-specialised instrumentation for measuring turbulence, cloud, aerosol, radiation and chemistry.
		Typically, a numerical weather prediction model is only run once from a given set of initial conditions to produce a single forecast.
	www.metoffice.gov.uk /research/nwp (619 words)

	Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The dynamical basis for weather prediction was developed in the early 20th century.
		Almanac weather predictions were often based on astronomical theories.
		In the latter half of the century technology, notably the telegraph, was harnessed and weather warnings and forecasts issued nationally in several countries.
	www.magma.ca /~jdreid (1194 words)

	Weather Station Computer WSC
		Weather data is gathered from the built in Barometric Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Sensors.
		Prediction Deviation (PD) is a value that is calculated along with the prediction function.
		For instance, a prediction ET of 10.55 with a PD of 0.030 would tell you your database is scattered a bit and you will probably run between 10.52 and 10.58.
	www.tagrace.com /wsc-1.htm (1103 words)

	Sky Watch: Signs of the Weather (Weather Lore)
		From these two definitions, we get weather lore, which is a collection of proverbs and sayings that have been passed on from generation to generation over hundreds of years, generally in rhyme.
		The purpose of weather lore was to instruct early farmers, sailors, herdsmen, and others on how to predict the weather.
		Many of the weather signs and sayings given in the pages that follow can really be used as a guide to how the weather is likely to develop 12 to 24 hours in the future.
	wilstar.com /skywatch.htm (3476 words)

	IBM Deep Thunder
		Consider numerical weather prediction models that are typically run at relatively low resolution over a large geographic region, that is, at a synoptic to meso-beta scale.
		Such models are used, for example, by the National Weather Service (NWS) as provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in the United States, and by the European Center for Medium Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) for various agencies in Europe.
		The outer nests are in gray, the intermediate nests are in magenta and the inner nests are in white.
	www.research.ibm.com /weather/home1.html (3241 words)

	Weather 2000 - Company Info
		Weather 2000 prides itself with an active role in community endeavors and the substantiation of scientific integrity.
		Due to the growing popularity of the Weather Market, many short-term forecasters have lately delved into the realm of long-range weather forecasting, outside their scope of expertise and experience.
		Conversely, Weather 2000 is composed exclusively of specialists in climatological sciences and long-range statistical weather prediction, which is precisely what Weather Risk Industries require.
	www.weather2000.com /info.html (334 words)

	Predicting the Weather \| Scholastic.com
		A: Meteorologists in the United States get most of their information from the National Weather Service, the federal agency that makes weather observations, runs weather computer models, and provides the information to TV and radio stations for release to the public.
		Weather people watch specific observations from many, many cities for signs of rain or violent weather approaching.
		Weather generally moves west to east in the United States, so you can sometimes look to the west for an estimate of your weather in a few hours or the next day.
	content.scholastic.com /browse/article.jsp?id=4910 (1068 words)

	5th Grade Science- weather - Weather Prediction & Maps
		Students know how to use weather maps and data to predict local weather and know that weather forecasts depend on many variables.
		Weather maps are maps that show what the weather is in a certain place.
		People who report and predict the weather are called Meteorologists.
	schools.bcsd.com /fremont/5th_Sci_weather_prediction_and_maps.htm (291 words)

	HeadJam Applied Here
		Fortunately, weather research and technology are helping increase the amount of warning time before severe weather and other natural disasters strike.
		Astrologers throughout history attempted to predict the weather by observing the motion of planets and stars.
		Weather prediction and warnings took another big step forward in the 1800s with the invention of the telegraph.
	www.teachingtools.com /HeadJam/weather.htm (1309 words)

	The Developmental Testbed Center at NCAR
		Although weather prediction in the United States has made significant strides during the past several decades, there are a number of warning signs that U.S. weather prediction and research are not living up to their potential.
		At the same time, the weather prediction enterprise has changed substantially in recent years and there is increasing debate on how the various parts of the enterprise should work together.
		This meeting is open to all members of the weather prediction enterprise ranging from those participating in operational prediction and weather-related research, to members of the weather user communities.
	dtcenter.org /events/wxprediction2005.php (258 words)

	www.predictweather.com -\|- The home of long range forecasting
		PREDICT WEATHER 2006 and 2007 almanacs and isobaric maps are published in NZ and Australia by Random House.
		The weather is what happens when atmospheric tides are gravitationally pulled around by the Moon.
		The Moon is responsible for wind, weather and tide..
	www.predictweather.com (1590 words)

	AMON Forum (Kelvin Droegemeier and David Jahn)
		Founded in 1989, the mission of CAPS is to demonstrate the practicability of storm-scale numerical weather prediction and to develop, test, and validate an end-to-end regional forecast system appropriate for operational, commercial, and research applications.
		Because thunderstorms have relatively short lifetimes (a few hours) as compared to larger-scale weather systems (a few days), their associated numerical forecasts must be generated and disseminated with sufficient lead time as to be of practical value.
		The computational requirements of storm-scale prediction poses an extreme challenge that demands the availability of supercomputers having sustained teraflop performance, gigabyte capacity memories, and parallel input/output coupled with the formulation of a very efficient numerical code suited for such computer architectures.
	weather.ou.edu /~spark/AMON/v1_n1/KD.html (1528 words)

	The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004
		The ceiling represents the north polar regions, England is in the gallery, the tropics in the upper circle, Australia on the dress circle and the antarctic in the pit.
		A [sic] myriad computers are at work upon the weather of the part of the map where each sits, but each computer attends only to one equation or part of an equation.
		While the actual weather changed slightly over the forecast period, his calculations predicted barometric pressure rising fast enough to make ears pop — a 145 mb rise in six hours to 1,108 mb.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04dec.htm (2181 words)

	Kent City Schools - Weather Prediction – Draft
		Interpret information from a weather map and key (weather symbols), consistently observed phenomena, or from stated conditions (e.g., time, temperature, etc.) to make observations and predictions about the weather.
		Compare and contrast the weather predictions made by different meteorologists and identify the reason for their predictions.
		Classify severe weather conditions (e.g., floods, tornadoes, lightning, hurricanes, etc.) and communicate safety precautions to be implemented during these storms.
	www.kent.k12.oh.us /kcs/curriculum/science4/Weather_Prediction.htm (460 words)

	AIRS - Science: Weather Forecasting
		Improving weather forecasting requires more numerous and accurate global observations of the state of the atmosphere.
		People plan their lives around the weather, and it's not just a question of whether to bring an umbrella to work.
		The data collected by AIRS are being used by scientists around the world to better understand weather and climate, and by the United States National Weather Service and other international forecasting agencies to improve weather prediction.
	www-airs.jpl.nasa.gov /Science/WeatherForecasting (304 words)

	Weather Prediction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After completing this web-based unit, students can present a weather forecast in front of the class, just like the weather people on television, by using a data projector and a weather map.
		Students will be able to read a weather map; use weather maps to forecast the weather; explain the relationship between warm, cold, and stationary fronts; explain the characteristics of high and low pressure; and read a barometer.
		Weather Prediction allows students to work at their own rate.
	www.teachersnetwork.org /teachnetusa/rlane/weather.htm (449 words)

	FL Bay Numerical Weather Prediction Model
		It is then possible to run land use sensitivity experiments (such as present day development vs. pre-colonized natural system conditi ons) and examine periods which exhibit correlations between differences in ponded water and the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall.
		One of the most intriguing potential applications of this coupled model approach is the prediction of the enviro nment's response to "What if...?" anthropogenic impact assessment scenarios, such as the development/urbanization of pristine areas or the restoration of natural habitats.
		In earlier coarse-mesh ARPS model simulations of an August 1975 Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE) sea breeze case, the atmosphere's response to incorporating realistic, modern-day horizontal gradients in the land use were striking.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /general/project/ARPS.html (2013 words)

	NOAA History - Tools of the Trade/Weather Prediction and Detection Technology
		However, with the advent of the telegraph system in the 1840's, the ability of meteorologists to simultaneously make weather observations at many widely dispersed stations, develop near real-time maps of weather systems, and then predict the future course of observed weather phenomena experienced a quantum leap.
		Suddenly meteorologists were able to chart the course of weather phenomena on a near continent-wide basis.
		The Problem of Weather Prediction, as seen from the Standpoints of Mechanics and Physics
	www.history.noaa.gov /tools/weathertech.html (282 words)

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