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	Weddell Seal - MSN Encarta
		The Weddell Seal is a pinniped that lives in Antarctic waters and on fast ice.
		Weddell seals are equipped with body fat that enables them to maintain internal body temperatures similar to human body temperatures while swimming through freezing waters.
		To survive, Weddell seals use their powerful incisors and canine teeth to maintain breathing holes, sawing and biting at the edges of the ice.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595596/Weddell_Seal.html (589 words)

	Weddell Seal - ninemsn Encarta
		Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii live under the very stable shore-fast ice that surrounds the Antarctic coast.
		The Weddell seal must stay alert to natural predators, including the killer whale.
		Some of these seals have been killed for scientific research or to feed sledge dogs at research stations, but they are not extensively hunted.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595596/Weddell_Seal.html (578 words)

	Species Composition: Weddell Seal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NATURAL HISTORY: Adult Weddell seals are not consistently gregarious, although a number of them may use the same pool of open water for breathing, and loosely associated groups of pregnant females often haul out on the same stretch of sea ice prior to pupping.
		The habitat of Weddell seals is generally on and along the land fast ice close to the Antarctic continent.
		Weddell seals dive routinely to depths of 300 to 400 m and at least occasionally to 600m.
	polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu /ASPIRE_99/seals/science/weddl.htm (1790 words)

	Antarctic Expedition: Weddell Seal Fact Sheet - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Weddell seals inhabit the fast ice (sea ice attached to the shore or connecting two icebergs) all around the Antarctic and nearby islands and as far north as the Falkland Islands.
		Weddell seals have a variety of underwater vocalizations that are apparently made with the vocal cords and larynx.
		Weddell seals groom parts of their bodies they can reach with nails on their fore-flippers; they roll and rub themselves on the ice to groom areas the flippers cannot reach.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/AquaticEcosystems/Antarctica/Seals/weddellsealfactsheet.cfm (854 words)

	Tiger Garnet's Dream World!
		Weddell seals move around the sea ice, are not gregarious, and are spaced apart when seen hauled out on the sea ice.
		Weddell seals are commonly found at 8 - 12 years of age with individuals 18 and 22 years old noted in the literature.
		Due to the Weddell seal's preference for fast sea ice, the impact of predators such as leopard seals upon the Weddell seal population is minimal.
	groups.msn.com /TigerGarnetsDreamWorld/antarcticseals.msnw (1364 words)

	ANIMAL BYTES - Weddell Seal
		The Weddell seal is a large seal with a bulky body, a relatively small head, and a short, wide snout.
		Weddell seals are named for Captain James Weddell, an explorer in the 1820's whose book described and illustrated Weddell seals.
		Weddell seals often dive to depths of 300-400 m (984-1312 ft.), and may dive to depths of 600 m (1968 ft.).
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/pinnipedia/weddell-seal.htm (275 words)

	Weddell Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Weddell Seal stretching on the ice near McMurdo Station.
		Weddell Seals regularly expunge their parasites by means of regurgitation.
		The Weddell Seal is protected by the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weddell_Seal (538 words)

	Weddell Seal
		Hunting of the Weddell seal is permitted for commercial purposes; however, the 1972 convention for the conservation of Antarctic seals has set catch limits and prohibited the taking of individuals over the age of one year from September 1 to January 31.
		Weddell seal males are known to not only display, but to aggressively attack other male intruders, leaving bloody wounds in the tail flippers as they give chase.
		Weddell seal females are known to sometimes eat snow when they are lactating and have reduced their intake of food.
	www.antarctica2000.net /wildlife/weddell.html (729 words)

	Weddell Seal
		Weddell seals in particular are known for their diving abilities.
		For seals, home is where the ice is – and for Weddell seals, this home is in the south polar seas.
		After a 9-10 month gestation, Weddell seal pups are born on the sea ice in September and October.
	www.wcs.org /weddellseal (247 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		The various forms, known also as fur seals, hair seals, elephant seals, sea lions, and leopard seals, are widely distributed throughout the marine regions of the frigid and temperate zones; only the monk seals of the genus Monachus are tropical.
		Pelagic sealing, or the hunting of seals in the ocean, was prohibited by the agreement, which permitted capture only of immature or bachelor seals, taken at the outskirts of the breeding grounds under government supervision.
		True seals are better adapted to life in water than are the longer-limbed eared seals, but on land they progress laboriously by wriggling and hunching the entire body.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/seal.html (987 words)

	Candid camera, underwater style
		A scientific first: The Weddell seal is the only animal known to use bubbles to scare fish from their hiding places under the ice.
		Weddell seals were chosen because of accidents of geography and animal behavior.
		Amazingly, Weddells are docile and don't mind being caught in a net and hauled to a "scientific station." Inside the station (which looks suspiciously like a fishing shack), the seals are sedated and a camera mounting is glued to the fur behind their heads (when the animal molts its fur, the mounting will fall off).
	whyfiles.org /061polar/seal.html (819 words)

	SCS: Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
		Weddell seals have been protected in the past from commercial hunting by their inaccessibility, although many were killed to provide food for sled dogs, a practice no longer continued.
		Weddell seals are highly vocal and their underwater calls are normally quite audible to a listener on the surface of the ice.
		Recent research using video cameras attached to Weddell seals showed that the seals are stealth hunters, approaching within centimetres of cod without startling the fish, and that they do not appear to use sound to hunt, relying instead on their acute underwater vision and often using the under-ice surface for backlighting.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/weddell.htm (898 words)

	ADW: Leptonychotes weddellii: Information
		Weddell seals are found throughout the Antarctic continent as well as on fifteen small neighboring islands (Stirling 1971).
		Adult Weddell seals have a dark gray coat that is marked with fl and lighter gray areas.
		Weddell seals sleep in the same position on the stomach or back for hours, but lying on their sides is most common.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Leptonychotes_weddellii.html (897 words)

	Marine Mammals in Antarctica
		Seals are classified with the pinniped group (seals, sea lions, walrus).
		Most Weddell seals have a short life (only about 12 years, compared to 20-40 years for many other seals) because their teeth get worn down from biting the ice and without these they can not maintain a proper breathing/feeding hole in the ice.
		Elephant seals are well adapted to deep diving, having large eyes to see in the depths, the ability to carry large amounts of oxygen in their bodies and the ability to control their circulation.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/AAmammals.htm (2385 words)

	All About Sea Ice: Environment: Wildlife: Mammals: Seals
		Because of their large size, leopard seals cannot move easily on sea ice, and so crabeater seals often rest on floes where they are safe from predation.
		Weddell seals spend most of their time beneath fast ice, coming onto the sea ice surface only to rest and have their pups.
		Weddell seals are able to stay underwater for up to 80 minutes while they look for breathing holes in the sea ice.
	nsidc.org /seaice/environment/mammals_seals.html (730 words)

	National Marine Mammal Laboratory
		Weddell seals are found near the fast ice of the Antarctic continent, and some nearby islands.
		Weddell seals do not migrate very far and will often be found within a few miles of where they were born.
		Weddell seals are often protected from predators during the winter since both the killer whale and leopard seal cannot travel great distances under the ice.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /nmml/education/pinnipeds/weddell.php (519 words)

	Species Profiles — OBIS-SEAMAP
		Weddell seal fore flippers are short, relatively narrow, and owing to the short neck originate in the forward third of the body.
		Weddell seals are prodigious divers reaching over 600 m, and have the capability of undertaking 82 minute dives.
		Seals living in fast ice areas, or facing freezing over of access holes and leads, abrade and grind the ice to maintain access to and from the water.
	seamap.env.duke.edu /species/tsn/180669 (1141 words)

	The Antarctic Sun: Weddell World
		Weddell World researchers spent the past two seasons observing seals in a free-ranging environment, attaching cameras to them at the camp and allowing the mammals to swim to whatever holes they might choose.
		The depth the seals hunted at varied by about 390 feet (100m) by the time of day, apparently due to variations in light intensity, said Lee Fuiman, a professor at the University of Texas who was the third principal investigator at Weddell World.
		He said learning how seals maintain a normal aerobic metabolism in conditions that are lethal to many animals, including humans, may help lead to the development of muscle protections that could aid in the treatment of ailments such as heart failure.
	antarcticsun.usap.gov /oldissues2002-2003/Sun122202/weddell.html (2979 words)

	Antarctic seals
		Predators of the Weddell seal are the leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, and the killer whale.
		The dorsal of these seals is dark to chestnut coloured with a silvery white ventral and dark striped from the chin to the chest, along the neck.
		This seal is most abundant in the Ross Sea and West of Graham Land, in the Weddell Sea.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/nphoseal.htm (820 words)

	Underwater Field Guide to Ross Island & McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
		Weddell seals move around the sea ice, are not gregarious, and are spaced apart when seen hauled out on the sea ice.
		Weddell seals are commonly found at 8 - 12 years of age with individuals 18 and 22 years old noted in the literature.
		Due to the Weddell seal's preference for fast sea ice, the impact of predators such as leopard seals upon the Weddell seal population is minimal.
	www.peterbrueggeman.com /nsf/fguide/chordata2.html (1362 words)

	Dr. Robert Garrott: Dynamics of Antarctica's Erebus Bay Weddell Seal Population--Project Description
		The Erebus Bay Weddell seal population study in eastern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica was initiated in 1968 and represents one of the longest intensive field investigations of a long-lived mammal in existence.
		These data combined with the large proportion of known-aged seals in the current study population (~74%) will allow the investigators to develop a powerful database to test four specific hypotheses about ecological processes affecting Weddell seals that have been proposed by previous investigators, but have lacked the data to adequately test.
		Knowledge of the mechanisms that limit and/or regulate Weddell seal populations and the specific bio-physical linkages between climate, oceans, ice, and Antarctic food webs can provide important contributions to understanding of pinniped population dynamics, as well as contribute more generally to theoretical understanding of population, community, and ecosystem patterns and processes.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~rgarrott/antarctica/project_description.htm (719 words)

	Genus Leptonychotes or Weddell seal
		Four of these--the crabeater seal, the leopard seal, the Ross seal and the Weddell seal--are associated mainly with the vast ice sheet that forms when the sea surface freezes: the Antarctic pack ice.
		The Weddell seal is a rotund animal growing to about 3 m (10 feet) in length and about 400 kg (880 pounds) in weight; the female is larger than the male.
		Printouts The Weddell seal is a large marine mammal that lives in Antarctic waters and on fast ice (ice anchored to land).
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Carnivora/Phocidae/Leptonychotes (400 words)

	James Weddell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weddell offered his services to the Admiralty with a proposal for a return voyage to the high southern latitudes, but was turned down.
		Weddell and his cargo were transferred to another ship for the passage to England, but this ran aground on the island of Pico, and Weddell only barely survived.
		Weddell died in 1834 at the age of forty-seven in relative poverty and obscurity in London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Weddell (818 words)

	Smithsonian: Inside Smithsonian Research: In subzero Antarctica, Zoo scientists study the hardy metabolism of the ...
		If most seal mothers supplement their energy reserves by fishing under the fast ice, then Weddell breeding colonies need to be in places that provide adequate prey and access—through ice cracks—to that food.
		The study’s dive records may shed light on whether mother seals actively teach their pups to hunt, particularly if they show that mothers and pups are in the water at the same time and at the same depth, “a necessary prerequisite for any kind of observational learning,” Eisert says.
		The Zoo researchers also injected seals with naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen; these are then tracked in ways that reveal what proportion of a mother seal’s body consists of fat, how much energy she is expending during lactation and even how much milk her pup is consuming.
	www.si.edu /opa/insideresearch/articles/V17_WeddellSeals.html (1356 words)

	Weddell Seals - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection
		Weddell seals use their large, strong, forward-pointing canine teeth to chew breathing holes through cracks in the ice.
		Since Weddells use their strong teeth to chew and scrape breathing holes in the ice, extensive tooth wear occurs and is often a cause of mortality as older seals lose the ability to hunt or maintain their holes.
		Weddell pups are born in colonies in September and October.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/seals/weddell.shtml (566 words)

	2001 Antarctic Expedition
		The Weddell seal is a large phocid seal that lives in the Antarctic.
		Weddell seals are also equipped with special teeth that enable them to keep their breathing holes from freezing shut.
		Scientists and seals are acutely aware of the temperature, wind and snow conditions.
	bio.research.ucsc.edu /people/williams/antarctic/Antweek3.html (1069 words)

	To Seal with Love
		Several Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound were enlisted for the audiovisual experiment by a joint research team headed by marine biologist Dr. Randall Davis of the Texas AandM University at Galveston.
		The near infrared light of the camera was designed to be invisible to the Weddell seals, as it is to humans, to prevent any alterations in normal behavior of the marine mammals and their prey, Dr. Davis said.
		Weddell seal, named after the famous British Antarctic explorer James Weddell, are highly adapted to hunting.
	www.oar.noaa.gov /spotlite/archive/spot_seal.html (1013 words)

	Weddell Seal Taxonomy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Weddell seals are the southern most seal in the world.
		Weddell seals do not migrate very far and will often be found within a few miles of where they were born.
		Weddell seals are often protected from predators during the winter since both the killer whale and leopard seal cannot travel great distances under the ice.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /education/pinnipeds/weddell2.htm (319 words)

	Ingrid On Ice - The Antarctic Weddell seals
		Although we found very few Weddell seals on Sunday - they were frosted by blowing snow and difficult to discern against the ice and snow, Thursday and Saturday were fantastic with heaps of seals, poo and special moments.
		The seals are cumbersome on land moving in an awkward humping motion.
		However in seals the egg remains free floating in one of the two horns of the uterus for around 3 months during which period development is arrested.
	www.abc.net.au /science/antarctica/ingrid/diaries/981025.htm (1948 words)

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