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Topic: Wei Zhongxian

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	Wei Zhongxian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wei Zhongxian (魏忠賢) (1568 - October 19, 1627) is considered by most historians as the most powerful and notorious eunuch in Chinese history.
		The couple began manipulating the Tianqi Emperor, and the emperor later made Wei the Grand Secretary of the State, which gave Wei absolute power over the court.
		Wei persecuted anyone who opposed his decisions, resulting in the death and imprisonment of many loyal officials.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wei_Zhongxian (213 words)

	Learning Chinese - Chinese Adages
		Wei Zhongxian also galloped out at the sound of the cannon but did not use his whip.Instead he used a different technique of patting his horse on the back three times.
		Wei Zhongxian and his horse galloped ahead leaving all of the other horses behind.
		Wei replied that his horse was just an ordinary one but that he knew the nature of horses and could easily ensure the horses' victory.
	www.nychinatownonline.com /adage/pat.htm (476 words)

	Wei Zhongxian
		Wei Zhongxian (魏忠賢) (1568 - October 19, 1627) is considered by most historians as the most powerful and notorious eunuch in Chinese history.
		He was a native of Sun-ning in Anhui Province, who made himself a eunuch and changed his name to Li Chin-chung.
		Wei prosecuted anyone who opposed his decisions, resulting in the death and imprisonment of many loyal officials.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Wei_Zhongxian (215 words)

	Ye Zee Books : Volume 2083
		Bing shu si zhong (Sunzi, Wei Liao zi, Wuzi, Sima fa) zhu zi suo yin =: A Concordance to the militarists (Sunzi, Yuliaozi, Wuzi, Simafa) (Chinese Univ...
		Wei sheng wu zi yuan xue, Unknown Binding, Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing
		Wei sheng wu xue ming ci, 1988, Unknown Binding, Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing
	www.yezee.com /an/2083.html (3770 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Zhongxian was afraid she would expose his illegal behavior, so conspired with his cronies.
		Zhongxian, guilty of these twenty-four great crimes, kills or replaces any eunuch he fears will expose his treachery.
		For instance, the other day when Zhongxian went to Zhongzhou, all matters were still directed to him using night couriers, and no rescripts were issued until he arrived….
	www.hist.umn.edu /hist1012/docchina.htm (1542 words)

	Temple of Azure Clouds
		Under the Ming two powerful eunuchs, Yu Jing and Wei Zhongxian, had it expanded at various periods, trying to make it their burial ground, but they didn't succeed.
		Wei Zhongxian cleverly rose to power by obtaining a position as purveyor of food to the concubine of Emperor Wanli's son, and later, in the 1620s, dominated the court life of Wanli's grandson.
		At the peak of his influence, Wei Zhongxian was able to publish historical works bilittling his bureaucratic enemies, and to order that temples in his honour be erected all across China.
	www.chn-asia.com /html/temple_of_azure_clouds.html (1114 words)

	The Bell of Wei Zhongxian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An inscription on the bell says that the bell was cast devoutly by Wei Zhongxian, a eunuch who was in charge of not only the Eastern Chamber (imperial secret service headquarters) but all the incoming petitions and memorials as well.
		He was given a free hand to place his diehard followers in the Six Boards and the offices of the governors and governors-general.
		Wei Zhongxian was a eunuch when Zhu Youxiao (Emperor Xizong) was on the throne.
	www.china.com.cn /english/features/FbiCh/78913.htm (226 words)

	Yuan Chonghuan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Manchus reappeared in June and withdrew after a series of indecisive battles.
		The campaign gave opportunity for Yuan to be criticised by the partisons of the eunuch official Wei Zhongxian, in consequence of which he retired.
		In 1628, under a new government, Yuan Chonghuan was reinstated as field marshal of all the forces of the northeast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yuan_Chonghuan (421 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Deze Tianqi-keizer (1620 —formeel 1621- tot 1627) is dermate zwak dat een eunuch met de naam Wei Zhongxian zich volledig door kan zetten tegen de wil van de ambtelijke top in.
		Wei en consorten wijden zich aktief aan de vervolging van hun politieke tegenstanders, maar met de door van hun keizer vallen zij ook meteen uit de macht.
		De strijd tussen Wei Zhongxian en de politieke elite werkte vooral door in het Beneden-Yangzi gebied, maar was verder een hoofdstedelijke aangelegenheid.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /bth/08NieuweSyllabus.htm (6872 words)

	Ming Empire 1368-1644 by Sanderson Beck
		Wei reacted by proscribing seven hundred in the Donglin movement, and some were imprisoned, tortured, and executed, including Yang Lian and five others who became known as heroic martyrs.
		The eunuch Wei Zhongxian was denounced and demoted.
		Xu Wei is most famous for the four plays he called The Four Shrieks of the Ape, because folklore held that an ape who lost a baby would shriek four times and die.
	www.san.beck.org /3-7-MingEmpire.html (23720 words)

	Wikipedia: Tianqi Emperor of China
		Born Zhu Youxiao, he was emperor Taichang 's eldest son.
		Tianqi became emperor as a teenager and did not gave much atention to the state affairs, giving the actual power to the eunuch Wei Zhongxian and Madam Ke.
		Living conditions worsened during his reign and Tianqi faced several popular uprisings.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/t/ti/tianqi_emperor_of_china.html (86 words)

	Ming Dynasty
		During the reign of Emperor Jiajing (circa 1521), Zhang Juzheng was appointed to carry out a comprehensive reform in politics, the economy and military.
		For some time, things had changed for the better but, before long, a eunuch named Wei Zhongxian seized and abused his power, which accelerated the Ming's decline.
		At the same time, the N ü zhen of the northeast became powerful and finally overthrew the Ming Dynasty during a storm of peasant uprisings.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22829.htm (314 words)

	Untitled Document
		Wang Zheng, Liu Jing et Wei Zhongxian sont les eunuques ayant la plus triste réputation.
		Wei Zhongxian (1568-1627) se rendit coupable de forfaits horribles.
		La première chose qu’il fit fut d’éliminer Wei Zhongxian et ses acolytes pour sauver la dynastie des Ming qui se trouvait dans une situation précaire.
	www.chinatoday.com.cn /lachine/f2k2/f2k207/10.htm (1866 words)

	yuan chonghuan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Manchus reappared in June and withdrew after a series of indecisive battles.
		The campaign gave opportunity for Yuan to be criticised by the partisons of the eunuch offical Wei Zhongxian, in consequence of which he retired.
		In 1628, under a new government, Yuan Chonghuan was reinstated as field marshal of all the forces of the northweast.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /yuan_chonghuan.html (451 words)

	The Homosexual Tradition in China
		According to the laws of the state of Wei, anyone who secretly made use of the ruler's carriage was punished by having his feet amputated.
		Wang Zhongxian of the state of Chu heard of his reputation and came to request his writings.
		Because of this incident the King of Wei announced to the world "Anyone who dares speak of other beauties will be executed along with his whole family".
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/pwh/china-gaytexts.html (1350 words)

	Ruan Dacheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ruan was born in Huaining, Anhui and came from a politically-prominent family.
		He himself associated with Wei Zhongxian, one of the most powerful and notorious eunuchs in Chinese history.
		When Wei fell, Ruan was deprived of all his titles, forced to live in retirement and publicly denounced for his former political connections.
	www.renditions.org /renditions/authors/ruandc.html (78 words)

	HIS 217
		The most famous of these posters, composed by Wei Jingsheng, proposed the adoption of democracy as the fifth modernization.
		As a political faction, members of the society struggled against the power of the eunuchs in the imperial court.
		Many from the academy suffered torture and death in a purge ordered by the powerful eunuch Wei Zhongxian in 1625.
	homepages.stmartin.edu /Fac_Staff/rlangill/HIS%20217/Glossary%20Chinese%20history.htm (8278 words)

	Master Huang Zongxi
		However when Master Zongxi, arrived in the capital, the head of the evil eunuch clique, Wei Zhongxian had committed suicide to escape punishment.
		So the Master could only beat up a eunuch clique remnant, Xu Xianchun, with his iron hammer in the Court of Law, and pull off the beard of another eunuch clique lackey, Cui Yingyuan at the prison gate, before going back home to offer sacrifices at his father’s grave.
		After the Ming Dynasty had perished, the Qing Government 3 times offered him official posts, but he declined as he got strong feeling for the Ming Dynasty.
	www.freewebs.com /sumonelse/Master%20Huang%20Zongxi.htm (178 words)

	The Rise of the Manchus
		Tianqi himself seems to have been illiterate and only happy when working at his carpentry.
		Day to day running of the government was largely left to the sinister figure of Wei Zhongxian, who was a friend of the Emperor’s nanny.
		Wei misruled the court to such an extent that it appeared to the people that the Ming Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and were no longer fit to rule.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/east_asian_history/115599 (775 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Four years later, Sun Chengzong was impeached by a Ming eunuch Wei Zhongxian who had earlier managed to have Xiong Tingbi executed.
		Ming Emperor Sizong (Zhu Youjian, reign AD 1628-1644) got enthroned and eunuch minister Wei Zhongxian was executed.
		Zhang Xianzhong, who was spared death by his superior officers Chen Hongfan & Wang Wei, would stage a rebellion in AD 1630 by rallying 18 "sai" [border villages].
	www.uglychinese.org /manchu.htm (14468 words)

	Oriental Beauty Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At the end of Ming Dynasty, the eunuch Wei Zhong xian has supreme power over the court and the commonalty.
		There, he also met with Qiu Moyan (his childhood friend); and the prince Xin, who intends to destroy Wei Zhongxian.
		Combining all their wisdom and strength, they finally beat Wei Zhongxian.
	www.obeauty.com /English/product/product_show.asp?id=177 (189 words)

	Section VI
		Gradually the Donglin grew close to becoming an organized party, but their critics at court attacked them for improper interference in political affairs.
		Most notorious was the powerful eunuch Wei Zhongxian, the de facto policy maker in Beijing from 1612 to 1627.
		In 1627, however, a new emperor dismissed Wei, restored the academy, but eliminated its political influence.
	web.mit.edu /21h.504/www/perdue_16.htm (16867 words)

	China from the Ming to the Manchus
		The withdrawal of emperors from governmental affairs continued.
		Rebellion occurred in 1624, led by six Confucianists who were attempting a moral revival of "pure" Confucianism.
		Some in China concluded that Wei Zhongxian's terror and Tianqi's passive acceptance indicated that the Ming dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h24china.html (1942 words)

	Fine Ming Dynasty, Tianqi Wine Cup, ca.1621-27
		The countries Stately affairs were actually ran by his eunuch Wei Zhongxian and his nannie Madam Ke.
		With that history, Tianqi, (Wei Zhongxian, Madam Ke), had little interest in developing a distinctive style.
		This small wine cup is very peaceful, having an almost zen-like nature scene.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,ming-dynasty-tianqi,834309.html (315 words)

	Chi Lam Television Box - White Hair Maiden Storyline
		Yi Hang is from the very much respected Wu Dang Sect, while Ni Shang is a 'demoness' in the eyes of other 'respected sects'.
		Yi Hang's father was wrongly accused and executed by evil official Wei Zhongxian.
		Ni Shang (falling to the ploy of Wei Zhong Xian) 'found out' that her father was killed by Wu Dang's ex-leader Zhi Yang Dao Zhang (which is Yi Hang's teacher) and she was told by her 'mother' to avenge her father.
	hk.geocities.com /arjeung/bfmn/story.html (2628 words)

	Asiamaya.com / Yunnan Guide
		Being unable to seek pleasures as would other males, many of the eunuchs just concentrated on becoming rich and powerful.
		In the early 17th century, one of the eunuch, Wei Zhongxian, effectively ruled China all by himself while the emperor was kept busy entertaining himself in his harem.
		Another eunuch, Zheng He, became admiral of a huge Chinese fleet, sailing the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean up to the African east coast.
	www.asiamaya.com /asiaguide/yunnan/e-01land/ey-lan21.htm (1938 words)

	Rare TianQi Period Ming Dyn. Jar, ca.1621-1627
		TianQi became emperor as a teenager in 1621, (I assume after the death of father).
		He didn't give much atention to stately affairs, and gave the actual power to the eunuch Wei Zhongxian and Madam Ke.
		The people's living conditions worsened during his reign and Tianqi faced several popular uprisings.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,rare-tianqi-period,694624.html (329 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Zhang Ruitu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He received his jinshi degree in 1607, eventually becoming Grand Secretary in 1626.
		In 1629 Zhang was implicated in the crimes of the corrupt eunuch Wei Zhongxian, and was stripped of his ranks and sent home a commoner.
		This has affected his standing as an artist, for despite a manifest talent, he was either ignored or vilified by Chinese art historians.
	www.artnet.com /library/09/0934/T093405.asp (170 words)

	CHINA BOOKS: History: Ancient & Classical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)*
		Another famous eunuch was Wei Zhongxian who managed to conceal his illiteracy and climb up the ranks to gain power and influence.
		Records of the Three States is the history of the three independent states of Wei (220-265), Shu (or Shu Han, 221-263), and Wu (222-280).
		The sections translated herein tell of the wives of rulers of the three states and their relatives and in doing so shed light on historians' approaches to writing about women.
	www.chinabooks.com.au /generalcatalogue/histclass_1.htm (2501 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		What can the document tell us about society at the time and place it was written?
		This document was submitted by the censor Yang Lien in 1624 to the Emperor of China as a plea for the impeachment (and worse) of the eunuch Wei Zhongxian.
		Describe why the author was trying to impeach/eliminate Wei Zhongxian.
	www.hist.umn.edu /hist1012/TA%202004/John/johnpdi.html (311 words)

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