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Topic: Weichsel glaciation

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	Wikipedia: Ice age
		An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		The idea that, in the past, glaciers had been far more extensive was folk knowledge in some alpine regions of Europe (Imbrie and Imbrie, p25, quote a woodcutter telling de Charpentier of the former extent of the Swiss Grimsel glacier).
		The end of the last glaciation also corresponds quite closely to the development of permanent human settlements and agriculture, and it is possible that there is a connection between the two events.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/i/ic/ice_age.html (1287 words)

	Devensian Glaciation
		During the glacial maximum in Scandinavia, only the western parts of Jutland (a part of Denmark) were ice-free during the glaciation and a large part of what is today the North Sea was dry land connecting Jutland with Britain.
		This glaciation is made of three glacial maximums (commonly called ice age s) separated by interglacial periods (such as the one we are living in).
		During the height of WÃ¼rm glaciation, ''ca'' 24,000–10,000 ybp, most of western and central Europe and Eurasia was open steppe-tundra, while the Alps presented solid ice field s and montane glaciers, while Scandinavia and much of Britain were under ice.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Devensian_glaciation (1183 words)

	Ice age Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In between periods of glaciation, there are multi-million year periods of more temperate climate, but also within these abovementioned periods (or at least within the last one), temperate and severe periods occur.
		The Great Lakes were carved out of the Canadian Shield by ice, Long Island was formed from glacial till, and the watersheds of Canada were so severely disrupted that they are still sorting themselves out -- the plethora of lakes in northern Canada can be almost entirely attributed to the action of the ice.
		The theory of ice ages was first published by Louis Agassiz in his book Étude sur les glaciers of 1840 and was based on observations made in Switzerland.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/i/ic/ice_age.html (1014 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		As the climate warmed, the glaciers retreated, the ice melted, and the sea-level rose.
		At certain times during this glaciation, enough water was locked up in the form of ice sheets to cause a drop in sea level and the creation of a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska.
		The Würm glacial stage followed the Riss-Würm interglacial and is correlated with the Weichsel glacial stage of northern Europe and the Wisconsin glacial stage of North America.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=glaciation (1532 words)

	Zusammenfassungen der Literatur von Prof. Lehmkuhl
		The cold phases during the last glacial correspond with the maximum extent of glaciers, the maximum periglacial activity on the slopes, and the accumulation of huge alluvial fans (bajadas) in the foreland of the mountains.
		The dust supply in this area was high during the Glacial periods of the Quaternary, although it is the presence of a dust-trapping vegetation cover that controls the development of an aeolian cover at the end of the Glacial period and during the Holocene.
		Glacial, glacial - fluvial, and glacial - lacustrine sediments of the Saale Glaciation overlie the "Mittelterrasse" - sediment partly and can be found in down to 5 km distance to the Harz Mountains.
	www.rwth-aachen.de /geo/Ww/deutsch/lehmabstract02.html (1152 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		Melt water released from the glacial mass carries loads of material eroded by the ice and this material is deposited in the proglacial area.
		The extensive and complex Saale deposits are correlated with the Wolstonian (or Gipping) glacial stage of Britain and the Riss glacial stage of the European Alpine region.
		The Drente and Warthe represent periods of glacial advance, or maxima, whereas the Treene represents an interstadial period of glacial retreat between the early Drente and the late Warthe.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=glacial (2382 words)

	Ice age
		Two more extensive glaciations were from 350 million years before present to 250 million, and from 4 million years ago to about 10,000 years ago (the Pleistocene period).
		There has been some fear of a new glacial starting, but the recent global warming has erased those, and the opposite is more feared now.
		The complex pattern of changes in Earth orbit and the change of albedo dictate the occurrence of glacial and interglacial phases - this was first explained by the theory of Milutin Milankovic which is confirmed by the recently discovered details about the last ice age.
	www.fastload.org /ic/Ice_age.html (666 words)

	Miscellaneous Publications (13) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The deposits studied are correlated with the Pleistocene stratigraphy of northwestern Europe, with the oxygen isotope curves of deep-sea sediments and Greenland ico cores and with the climatic stages deduced from them.
		Till deposits preceding the last, that is, Weichsel, glaciation and the Eem Interglacial are common in western Finland.
		The spreading stage of the ice sheet was characterized by fluctuations, melting and readvances in the course of which sorted sediments were buried under till during the Middle Weichselian.
	www.gsf.fi /info/ej13.html (468 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ice age
		Since the typical interglacial lasts ~12,000 years, there has been some fear of a new glacial starting, but the recent global warming has erased those, and the opposite is more feared now.
		While Milankovic forcing predicts that cyclic changes in the Earth's orbital parameters can be expressed in the glaciation record, additional explanations are neccesary to explain which cycles are observed to be most important in the timing of glacial periods.
		In particular, during the last 800 thousand years the dominant glacial oscillation has been 100 thousand, which corresponds to changes in Earth's eccentrity and inclination, and yet is by far the weakest of the three frequencies predicted by Milankovic.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ice_Age (851 words)

	Germany 1.2 - The natural landscape of Germany
		The North German Lowlands were formed during the Pleistocene period by glaciers from different glaciation periods, just as this was the case in Canada and northern parts of the United States.
		Especially the eastern parts of Schleswig-Holstein and the northern parts of Mecklenburg Western-Pomerania were covered by the latest advance of the ice during the Weichsel glaciation period (corrensponds to the Wisconsin ice age in North America).
		Another glacial feature is the many lakes of Schleswig-Holstein and of Mecklenburg which represent an important natural resource for the development of tourism in these regions.
	info.wlu.ca /~wwwgeog/special/vgt/English/ger_mod1/unit2.htm (1226 words)

	refkatla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During the last glaciation a stepwise formation of a composite caldera took place.
		The Myrdalsjokull glacier covers most of the volcanic centre and the main volcanic outcrops are hyaloclastites.
		Towards the end of the last glaciation a small table mountain formed on the east margin of the Katla centre.
	www.norvol.hi.is /html/geol/katla/lisbabs.html (546 words)

	Wisconsin glaciation - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Wisconsin glaciation - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland) and Würm glaciation (in the Alps) are the most recent glaciations of the Pleistocene epoch, which ended around 10,000 BCE
		The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland) and Würm glaciation (in the Alps) are the most recent glaciations of the Pleistocene epoch, which ended around 10,000 BCE.
		The term ice age can refer to all the periods of glaciation during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene, from 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 BCE.
	www.westislipnyus.com /details/Wisconsin_glaciation (1487 words)

	Ice age and glaciation
		In Germany the southernmost glaciers reached Dresden, Erfurt and Dortmund.
		The moving glaciers formed the landscape and transported huge masses of rocks, gravel and sand.
		The knowledge about the glaciations and the transport of stones from the north to the south is called „Geschiebekunde".
	www.kristallin.de /introduction.htm (397 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The geomorphology of the region is significantly shaped by the combined processes of glaciation, glacial retreat and the emergence of new land from the sea.
		Glacial flow was from the north-west, and these sides of the mountains are the most heavily worn.
		There are a number of steep faults and fissures, many gouged out by glacial erosion and the activities of freezing and both fluvial and glacial erosion.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/wh/high_coast.html (2507 words)

	Ice age - Gurupedia
		Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		Many now believe that anthropogenic forcing from increased "greenhouse gases" would outweigh any Milankovitch (orbital) forcing; and more recent consideration of the orbital forcing suggests that even in the absence of human perturbation the present interglacial would last at least 50,000 years.
		The complex pattern of changes in Earth orbit and the change of albedo may influence the occurrence of glacial and interglacial phases - this was first explained by the theory of
	www.gurupedia.com /i/ic/ice_age.htm (1246 words)

	History of Pleistocene Study
		Edward Forbes 1846 referred to Pleistocene as 'Glacial Epoch' believe that we are in warm 'postglacial time' after the ice age.
		Glacials named for tributaries of the Danube River in Germany.
		assumed that because the Nebraskan is the earliest glaciation and the Blancan is the earliest Quaternary Mammal age that they're synchronous
	www.geo.arizona.edu /palynology/geos462/01histplist.html (782 words)

	worldsurface.com - sustainable tourism for backpackers and independent travellers
		The basic contours of the Danish landscape were shaped at the end of the Pleistocene Epoch by the last glaciation of the Ice Age, the so-called Weichsel glaciation.
		This great glacial mass withdrew temporarily during several warmer interstadial periods, but it repeatedly returned to cover the land until it retreated to the Arctic north for the last time about 10,000 years ago.
		As a result, the barren layers of chalk and limestone that earlier constituted the land surface acquired a covering of soil that built up as the Weichsel retreated, forming low, hilly moraines that diversify the otherwise flat landscape.
	www.worldsurface.com /browse/static.asp?staticpageid=702 (451 words)

	Qwika - similar:Holocene
		Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator.
		It is preferred as an alternative to Mesolithic in areas with limited glacial impact...
	www.qwika.com /rels/Holocene (1695 words)

	sweden - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Sweden has a relatively low population density and is known for its peaceful, large forests and mountainous wilderness.
		Main article: History of Sweden Conclusive archaeological evidence exists that the area now comprising Sweden was settled during the Stone Age (6,000 BC – 4,000 BC), as the inland ice of the Weichsel glaciation, i.e.
		The earliest inhabitants are thought to have been hunters and gatherers, living primarily off what the sea (later called the Baltic Sea) could offer.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/sweden (2576 words)

	Eiszeitliche Tierfährten aus Bottrop-Welheim
		The lithostratigraphic position of the track horizon is in the lowermost »periglaziale Lößaue« (periglacial loess floodplain) unit which belongs to the Weichsel glaciation.
		Based on the mammal remains from the older and younger »Niederterrasse« (alluvial plain) of the Emscher river, the »Knochenkies« (bone gravel) unit is determined to be of early to middle Weichselian age.
		The track horizon at the base of the periglacial loess floodplain therefore is of late middle Weichselian age which is in agreement with the luminescence dating.
	www.pfeil-verlag.de /07pala/e1_87d.html (816 words)

	Chronodynamics of the Labe river antecedence
		Changing climate-morphogenetical processes, alternating between semiarid very cold glacial and humid, mildly warm interglacial periods led, together with tectonic uplifts, to a progressive deepening of the Labe and of its affluents and to the present-day canyon valleys development.
		The sediments of this terrace are assigned both to the second Elster glaciation and to the cold oscillation of the Elster-Saale interglacial (Šibrava 1972).
		According to Šibrava's interpretation (1972), the nearly 30 m thick accumulation of the IIIrd terrace was due to the Labe blocking by the continental glacier in the region of Meissen in the Menap and in the first stage of the Elster (Mindel).
	www.natur.cuni.cz /~kfggsekr/pers/kalvoda/publ/decin.htm (4387 words)

	Ice Age Floods cause mass extinctions?
		Glacial Lake Missoula was a body of water as large as some of the USA's Great Lakes.
		This lake formed from glacial meltwater that was dammed by a lobe of the Canadian ice sheet.
		The only connection I see between the biblical floods and ice age floods is that, at one time, a record was made of these flood events and it ended up in the biblical record.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=127303 (2848 words)

	Katla
		The volcanic centre is located on the east margin of the eastern volcanic zone in Iceland, above a junction of linear rift tectonics and a steep increase in crustal thickness, compared to the rift zone north of the volcano.
		The beginning of Holocene activity of the volcano is marked by the major explosive eruption named Sólheimar eruption, dated 12.000 BP by the Skógar (Vedde) tephra layer.
		During the last glacial period (Weichsel) rhyolite domes were erupted around the caldera rim, and during postglacial time at least 11 dacitic tephra layers originated within the caldera are known, the youngest one dated 1700 C
	www.norvol.hi.is /html/geol/katla/katla.html (477 words)

	Projekte
		During the period of early Weichsel Glaciation "Dansgaard-Oeschger Oscillations" and "Heinrich Events" dominated the climatic variability above all oceans of the northern hemisphere.
		According to these the movements of inland glaciers during the Weichsel Glaciation went along with immense neotectonic movements in the upper crust (activated by ice-isostatic forces).
		The main focus of the planned examinations is put on the reconstruction of variations which took place during Holocene and Glaciation within the variability of the pacific El Nino.
	www.uni-mainz.de /FB/Geo/Geologie/sedi/projects.htm (934 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although geologists have termed the time since the end of the last great ice age the Holocene, it really belongs to the Pleistocene, since there were warmer periods that lasted much longer than the present one even in the middle of the Pleistocene.
		Whatever epoch you choose to envision us in, the great warming that ended the Wisconsin/Wurm/Weichsel Glaciation had enormous implications for the development and spread of humanity on this planet.
		This assignment will briefly review the physical events of the end of the last great glacial period.
	id-archserve.ucsb.edu /Anth3/Courseware/Mesolithic/2_Introduction.html (146 words)

	Paleorama.com
		Most paleoecological studies focus on the Quaternary sub-era (the last 2 million years) because older environments are less well represented in the fossil record.
		Most concentrate on the Holocene epoch (the last 10,000 years), or the last glacial period of the Pleistocene epoch (the Wisconsin/Weichsel/Devensian/Wurm glaciation of the ice age, from 50,000 to 10,000 years ago).
		These studies are useful for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem change and for reconstructing pre-industrialization ecosystems.
	www.paleorama.com /fields/paleoecology.html (276 words)

	Public Anthropology
		, Movius focuses on the Fourth Glacial (Wurm/Weichsel) chronology.
		Blanc suggests dropping the term “Fourth Glacial” to avoid confusion, since the Wurm/Weichsel Glaciation appears to be the fifth major cold phase.
		Movius appreciates his colleagues’ comments and states that the comments have been useful and that the majority of the comments helped to support his views.
	www.publicanthropology.org /Archive/Ca1960.htm (4381 words)

	ABSTRACTS OF V INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND FIELD WORKSHOP ON PALEOPEDOLOGY
		The periods of maximum glacial were found to be characterized by the simpler scheme of high-altitude sequence when cryoarid steppes expanded up to glacial border.
		Sequences of paleosols on glacial and fluvioglacial sediments have been studied near the south-west margin of the lake Lago Maggiore in the southern alpine foreland of Italy.
		During subsequent glaciations the area was not covered by ice, but the land surface was modified by periglacial processes during cold stages and pedogenesis during warmer periods.
	fadr.msu.ru /inqua/nl-17/abstr_5.html (11679 words)

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