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Topic: Weighted sum

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direct sum

Sum 41

Dim sum

Cogito ergo sum

The Sum of All Fears

zero sum

non zero sum

direct sum of groups

subset sum problem

zero sum game

Riemann sum

Sum rule in differentiation

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	Patent 5694231: Weighted-sum processing method and apparatus for decoding optical signals
		Typically, the weighting factor is between 0 and 1 such that the phase segment which has the noise portion with the greatest power is attenuated by the signal weighting factor.
		Preferably, the weighting means weights the noisier phase segment, including both the signal portion and the noise portion of the noisier phase segment, by the weighting factor, such as by multiplying the power level of the appropriate phase segment by the weighting factor.
		Preferably, the decoder includes a summer 60 for summing the signal levels of the two phase segments, as weighted by the weighting means, to produce a weighted sum having a respective polarity.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5694231.html (5493 words)

	IMS Question & Test Interoperability: ASI Outcomes Processing
		Weighted number right (including multivariate responses) - this is similar to the 'number of rights answers' with the addition of the weighting of the individual components and is identified by the algorithm name "WeightedNumberCorrect".
		Weighted sum of scores (including multivariate responses) - this is similar to the 'sum of scores' with the addition of the weighting of the individual components and is identified by the algorithm name "WeightedSumofScores".
		Parameterized weighted sum of scores - name 'ParameterWeightedSumofScores' this is similar to the 'WeightedSumofScores' algorithm but the weighting value is passed using the element in preference to the meta-data field.
	www.imsproject.org /question/qtiv1p2/imsqti_asi_outv1p2.html (8102 words)

	Wikinfo \| Morphogenic network
		If a neuron does not recieve input from the source in question, it may still contribute to the weight adaption of a neuron that recieves input from the source, however, the weight value for said contributing neuron is de facto fixed at zero.
		This rate represents the mean ; the expectation, of change in the weight per change in time, of all possible evolutions of the weight through a priori probability space.
		The rate of change of the a posteri weighted input is proportional to the rate of change of the a priori weighted input times the energy flux from the neuron to that input.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Morphogenic_network (2217 words)

	4.1.4.3. Weighted Least Squares Regression
		Instead, weighted least squares reflects the behavior of the random errors in the model; and it can be used with functions that are either linear or nonlinear in the parameters.
		The biggest disadvantage of weighted least squares, which many people are not aware of, is probably the fact that the theory behind this method is based on the assumption that the weights are known exactly.
		The effect of using estimated weights is difficult to assess, but experience indicates that small variations in the the weights due to estimation do not often affect a regression analysis or its interpretation.
	www.itl.nist.gov /div898/handbook/pmd/section1/pmd143.htm (735 words)

	CatchStatistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This likelihood function calculates the likelihood score based on a weighted sum of squares of the mean length, with the weighting given by calculating the variance of length of the modelled population, as shown in equation 8.13 below:
		This likelihood function calculates the likelihood score based on a weighted sum of squares of the mean length, with the weighting given the variance of length of the input population, as shown in equation 8.14 below:
		This likelihood function calculates the likelihood score based on a weighted sum of squares of the mean weight, with the weighting given the variance of weight of the input population, as shown in equation 8.15 below:
	www.hafro.is /gadget/userguide/node47.html (936 words)

	Weighted-sum processing method and apparatus for decoding digital signals - US Patent 6128112 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A receiver according to claim 18 wherein said signal weighting factor determining means determines the signal weighting factor based upon a ratio of the power of the respective noise portions of the two phase segments.
		By weighting at least one of the phase segments based upon the power of the noise portions of the respective phase segments, the decoding method and apparatus of the present invention can reliably detect and decode digital signals.
		While the weighting means preferably weights the noisier phase segment, the digital decoding method and apparatus of the present invention can weight the quieter phase segment or both phase segments if so desired without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6128112.html (5745 words)

	John Halleck's Weighted Averages
		divided by the sum of all the weights.
		In that case, the weighted average of one value is (W1M1) divided by the sum* of the weights.
		Weight matrices on physical grounds have to be symmetric, so the weight has to have N columns and N rows.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~nahaj/cave/survey/intro/weighted-averages.html (2849 words)

	HC-033I Table 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sum of OBTC99X from MVIS records with SEETLKPV = (1, -7, -8 or -9) and SEEDOC = (2, -7, -8 or -9) and MEDPTYPE = (8 or 9)
		Sum of OBXP99X from MVIS records with SEETLKPV = (1, -7, -8 or -9) and SEEDOC = (2, -7, -8 or -9) and MEDPTYPE = (8 or 9)
		Sum of OBSF99X from MVIS records with SEETLKPV = (1, -7, -8 or -9) and SEEDOC = (2, -7, -8 or -9) and MEDPTYPE = (8 or 9)
	www.meps.ahrq.gov /Pubdoc/HC033I/h33it2.htm (5089 words)

	Patent 5444411: Functional MOS transistor with gate-level weighted sum and threshold operations
		The fifth and sixth electrodes are conductively connected to the gate of an FET threshold circuit that responds to the weighted and summed input signals.
		The gate capacitor plate sums the signals on the input electrodes and it is set to switch between its two states according to a threshold value of these signals.
		The area of overlap of the electrodes establishes the weight given to the signals because capacitive coupling of two plates is a function of the area of overlap and other factors such as the spacing between the plates and dielectric constant of the material between the plates.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5444411.html (2326 words)

	Aggregation: Weighted Sum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The score is multiplied by the weight, and all of the weighted scores for a category of criteria are summed.
		In this policy and procedure, each category of criteria is also weighted.
		Although the additional weight is mathematically unnecessary, it perhaps provides better insight into the judgements expressed by the criteria.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /cbs/cbs_slides/98symposium/eval_tut/tsld126.htm (101 words)

	GNU Scientific Library -- Reference Manual - Least-Squares Fitting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The functions described in this section perform least-squares fits to a general linear model, y = X c where y is a vector of n observations, X is an n by p matrix of predictor variables, and c are the p unknown best-fit parameters, which are to be estimated.
		The weights are specified by the diagonal elements of the n by n matrix W. For unweighted data W is replaced by the identity matrix.
		The weighted sum of squares of the residuals from the best-fit, \chi^2, is returned in
	www.gnu.org /software/gsl/manual/gsl-ref_36.html (1373 words)

	TABLE H26IT2: Comparison of MEPS 98 Health Care Expenditure Estimates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sum of OBTC98X from MVIS records with SEETLKPV = (1, -7, -8 or -9) and SEEDOC = (2, -7, -8 or -9) and MEDPTYPE = 1
		Sum of OBXP98X from MVIS records with SEETLKPV = (1, -7, -8 or -9) and SEEDOC = (2, -7, -8 or -9) and MEDPTYPE = 1
		Sum of OBSF98X from MVIS records with SEETLKPV = (1, -7, -8 or -9) and SEEDOC = (2, -7, -8 or -9) and MEDPTYPE = 1
	www.meps.ahrq.gov /Pubdoc/HC026I/H26IT2.htm (4907 words)

	Zernike expansion = weighted sum of modes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To summarize, we describe the aberration structure of an eye mathematically as the weighted sum of Zernike basis functions.
		The weight which must be applied to each basis function, or mode, when computing the sum is called an aberration coefficient.
		Thus it is common language to speak of the "Fourier spectrum" of a waveform, and in the same way we may speak of the "Zernike spectrum" of the eye's optical aberrations.
	research.opt.indiana.edu /Library/wavefronts/sld024.htm (140 words)

	RecStatistics
		This likelihood function calculates the likelihood score based on a weighted sum of squares of the mean length, with the weighting given by calculating the variance of length of the modelled population, as shown in equation 8.29 below:
		This likelihood function calculates the likelihood score based on a weighted sum of squares of the mean length, with the weighting given the variance of length of the input population, as shown in equation 8.30 below:
		This likelihood function calculates the likelihood score based on a unweighted sum of squares of the mean length, with the variance of the length of the population assumed to be 1, as shown in equation 8.31 below:
	www.hafro.is /gadget/userguide/node53.html (605 words)

	GNU Scientific Library -- Reference Manual: Weighted Samples
		The sample weight w_i is defined as the reciprocal of this variance, w_i = 1/\sigma_i^2.
		Setting a weight to zero corresponds to removing a sample from a dataset.
		The estimated variance of a weighted dataset is defined as,
	www.dulug.duke.edu /~mstenner/free-docs/gsl-ref-1.0/gsl-ref_311.html (400 words)

	NHAIS Manuals: New GP Contract Payments Reference Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Global Sum Calculation Process, executed within the FJ-GSUM application, reads details of patients assigned to GP Practices from a file which is generated quarterly from the Registration close job, CQ.
		Weighted indexes are generated for each of the above six criteria and these are normalised against the overall weighting for the Practice PCO.
		The PCO Weighted Listsize cannot be calculated until FJ-GSUM has processed calculation of each of the six weighted indexes for all of the GP Practices in the PCO.
	www.nhsia.nhs.uk /nhais/pages/download/newgpcontractpay/html/AppAGlobalSumm.htm (3920 words)

	[No title]
		To give deviant feature vectors the same weight in the averaging of a cluster as the more centrally and densely situation ones causes the prototype obtained by weighted averaging to no be as representative of its cluster as is should be.
		For each cluster k, the weights are standardized so that they sum to unity over the cluster so the new prototype for that cluster can be computed as a weighted average.
		Smolensky [4] reverses the sums in the constraints in Equation (5.7) for the purpose of forcing the weights to be large for representative feature vectors and forcing the nonrepresentative ones to be low.
	www.cs.unr.edu /~looney/cs479/cs4795.htm (1715 words)

	ORIGIN RESEARCH
		Tversky suggests that two disjoint classes tend to be combined whenever the weight of the added common features exceeds the weight of the distinctive features.
		A working assumption of the research on basic objects that (1) in the perceived world, information-rich bundles of perceptual and functional attributes occur that form natural discontinuities, and that (2),basic cuts in categorization are made at these discontinuities.
		Tversky formalizes prototypicality as the member or members of the category with the highest summed similarity to all members of the category.
	originresearch.com /documents/rosch1b.cfm (7775 words)

	Some Issues With Weighted Sum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The weighted sum method is simple to use but has drawbacks.
		Second, the assignment of weights is in fact a design tradeoff.
		Last, the simple weighting scheme places severe limits on how we express the overall contribution of any particular criterion to fitness.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /cbs/cbs_slides/icse98/practice97/tsld017.htm (196 words)

	info: WEIGHTED SUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this case only the relative weights are relevant.
		In the continuous setting, a weight is a positive measure such as w(x) dx on some domain
		affect Australia's economy, although opinion on the extent varies and a monetary sum has yet to be calculated dollar and from now will be weighted in a basket of currencies.
	www.digital-innovations.net /Weighted_sum (457 words)

	Weighted Sum Range (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Weighted Sum Range coupon is similar to a Range Accrual coupon, except that the the observation index is a weighted sum or basket of other indices.
		Thus, the underlying coupon is paid out only for those days where the weighted sum of the indices is in the accrual range.
		This type of range accrual is appropriate when the customer has a view on the likely trading range of the basket rather than that of the indices separately.
	website.lineone.net /~nick.hegan/ExoticSite/weighted_sum_range.htm (152 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Alcohol Prohibition
		Miron and Zwiebel (1991) show that deaths due to alcoholism, which probably included deaths from overdoses or accidental poisonings, soared during Prohibition relative to other proxies.
		The data on alcohol consumption are estimates of the per capita consumption of pure alcohol, measured in gallons, computed as a weighted sum of separate estimates for beer, spirits, and wine, assuming a particular pure alcohol content for each component.
		The cirrhosis death rate is measured as the number of deaths per 100,000.
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=miron.prohibition.alcohol (2808 words)

	Weighted comparison of means -- Bland and Kerry 316 (7125): 129 -- BMJ
		Weighted comparison of means -- Bland and Kerry 316 (7125): 129 -- BMJ
		The weighted standard deviation is found in a similar way.
		For the second group, the weighted sum of the observations squared
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/316/7125/129 (770 words)

	[No title]
		weighted deviations = 135153.42 Iteration 2: sum of abs.
		weighted deviations = 104292.43 Iteration 3: sum of abs.
		weighted deviations = 98651.339 Iteration 4: sum of abs.
	www.stata.com /stb/stb10/srd14/cwhetero.log (919 words)

	Glossary of research economics
		An ARIMA process is made up of sums of autoregressive and moving-average components, and may not be stationary.
		Is the distribution of sums of squares of r standard normal variables.
		Defined by the sum of the value of imports of goods and services plus net returns on investments abroad, minus the value of exports of goods and services, where all these elements are measured in the domestic currency.
	econterms.com /econtent.html (14803 words)

	Microsoft Excel : Weighted Average
		One of the most common inquiries submitted to me is about how to calculate weighted averages.
		Here is an example of a way you can use a weighted average in an Excel spreadsheet.
		As you see, this weighted average correctly indicates that the dollars per pound of coffee is $8.27.
	www.beyondtechnology.com /tips011.shtml (263 words)

	MrExcel Message Board :: View topic - sum product * weighted average (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Right I am on the right lines however - I need it to count the number of times the conditions are met and use this to divide by rather than it summing them.
		gives you a multiconditional sum, that is, every value from $P$4:$P$42 is added up when $H$4:$H$42 is A5 and $K$4:$K$42 is F5.
		Summing a bunch of individual 1's is identical to counting those 1's.
	www.mrexcel.com /board2/viewtopic.php?t=79363 (552 words)

	Quantum Mechanics
		That, in a nutshell, is the Measurement Problem in quantum mechanics; any interpretation of the theory, any detailed story about what the world is like according to quantum mechanics, and in particular those bits of the world in which measurements are going on, has to grapple with it.
		Mixed states are weighted sums of pure states, and they can be used to represent the states of ensembles whose components are in different pure states, or states of individual systems about which we have only partial knowledge.
		There is a kind of operator in Hilbert spaces, called a density operator, that serves well in the latter capacity, and it turns out not to be hard to restate everything that has been said about state vectors in terms of density operators.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/qm (3883 words)

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