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Topic: Weimar Coalition

	Weimar Coalition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These three parties were seen as the most committed to Germany's new democratic system, and together governed Germany until the elections of 1920, when the first elections under the new constitution were held, and both the SPD and especially the DDP lost a considerable share of their votes.
		Although the Coalition was revived in the ministry of Joseph Wirth from 1921 to 1922, the pro-Democratic elements never truly had a majority in the Reichstag from this point on, and the situation gradually grew worse with the continued weakening of the DDP.
		Nevertheless, the grouping remained at least theoretically important as the grouping of parties most supportive of republican government in Germany, and continued to act in coalition in the government of Prussia and other states until as late as 1932.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weimar_Coalition (188 words)

	Weimar Republic - MSN Encarta
		Weimar Republic, term used to describe the German republic that lasted from 1919 until 1933, when Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler suspended the constitution and assumed power.
		On November 9, Emperor William II fled the country and a provisional coalition government was formed between the moderate Social Democrats under Friedrich Ebert and the more radical Independent Social Democrats, who were hoping for a more fundamental socialist revolution.
		The new National Assembly met in Weimar, Thüringen, in February 1919 and wrote a constitution that established Germany as a democratic federal republic and provided for two houses of parliament, the Reichstag and the Reichsrat.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579498/Weimar_Republic.html (616 words)

	Centre Party (Germany) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the parties of the Weimar Coalition remained the base of the Weimar Republic, they could not agree to resume a formal coalition government, especially because of disagreements between the Centre Party and the Social Democrats on issues like religious schools or a nationwide Concordat with the Holy See.
		In 1930 the Grand Coalition fell apart and the Centre's Heinrich Brüning, from the moderate conservative wing of the party, was appointed chancellor.
		In the 1930 elections, the parties of the Grand coalition lost their majority, forcing Brüning to base his administration not on the support of a party coalition but on that of the presidential decree ("Notverordnung") of article 48 of the Constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_Centre_Party (5423 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Weimar Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The phrase Weimar Republic is an invention of historians, and was not used during its existence.
		The use of the English word empire and its adjective imperial may be confusing because the Weimar Republic was a republic; empire is an imprecise translation of the German word Reich (which does not have a specific monarchic connotation) and is increasingly translated as commonwealth or realm.
		The fall of the Weimar Republic was closely analysed thirteen years later during the Nuremburg Trials when it was decided that in the case of the aristocratic Catholic Franz von Papen, along with the Rhenish-Westphalian Industrial Magnates, conspiracy to assist Adolf Hitler to power was not an indictable offence.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Weimar_Republic (5722 words)

	Weimar Republic - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Weimar Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A provisional constitution was adopted, marking the beginning of the Weimar Republic, that was to last until Hitler came to power in 1933.
		As the defeated power in World War I the Germans were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, which included the ‘War Guilt Clause’ (Clause 231), placing the entire blame for the war on Germany.
		A new coalition government was formed on 20 June 1920, with Konstantin Fehrenbach of the Catholic Centre Party as chancellor.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Weimar%20Republic (2570 words)

	From Weimar to Hitler: The Rise & Fall of the first German Democracy
		Despite opposition from right and left the Weimar Republic survived to years of greater internal peace from the mid- 1920s, when the fundamental political problems were masked, until exposure by the economic and political crises of 1929 Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in 1933 was arguably the most important event of the twentieth century.
		Weimar's failure was, however, not inevitable, for the republic survived a period of severe political and economic crisis in its early years.
		The onset of the final crisis of the Weimar Republic is often linked to the Wall Street crash of October 1929, marking the beginning of a world-wide slump of unprecedented severity.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~semp/weimar.htm (3425 words)

	Germany the Weimar Republic, 1918-33
		The Weimar Republic, proclaimed on November 9, 1918, was born in the throes of military defeat and social revolution.
		The government, composed of members from the assembly, came to be called the Weimar coalition and included the SPD; the German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei--DDP), a descendant of the Progressive Party of the prewar period; and the Center Party.
		The percentage of the vote gained by this coalition of parties in favor of the republic (76.2 percent, with 38 percent for the SPD alone) suggested broad popular support for the republic.
	www.country-studies.com /germany/the-weimar-republic,-1918-33.html (367 words)

	East Germany - Problems of Parliamentary Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Weimar Republic represented a compromise: German conservatives and industrialists had transferred power to the Social Democrats to avert a possible Bolshevik-style takeover; the Social Democrats, in turn, had allied with demobilized officers of the Imperial Army to suppress the revolution.
		But the lifespan of the Weimar coalition was brief, and the Weimar political system, which was achieving gains for both extreme left and extreme right, soon became radicalized.
		The future of the Weimar Republic was shaped during the critical year separating the National Assembly elections and the June 1920 Reichstag elections.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5046.html (418 words)

	weimar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Since from 1920 on neither the Weimar Coalition alone nor the parties of the Right alone could muster a majority in the Reichstag, owing to the strength of the USPD and KPD, the great parliamentary problem of the Weimar Republic was the relationship between the SPD and the DVP.
		Of all the old forces from imperial Germany that survived into the Weimar Republic, none was as dangerous as the Junkers, with their economic base in agriculture, their prestige base in east-Elbian society, and their positions of power in the army and the civil service.
		Very few supporters of the Weimar Republic even made any attempt to deal with this ''disloyal opposition.'' The SPD, to whom the men of the DNVP had been wont to apply the label ''enemy of the state'' before 1914, forbore to turn the tables after 1918.
	menic.utexas.edu /~bennett/__344/g_weimar.htm (3227 words)

	The Nationalism Project: Book Review: Die Weimarer Republik
		One of his major conclusions seems to be the scholarly denial of the frequently argued claim that the Nazi mass movement scored its incredible successes in an almost automatic manner, and that this outcome could have hardly been prevented regardless of political decisions of the non-extreme political actors in Germany of the period (253-257).
		He claims that a coalition of the non-extremists on the German political scene would have certainly prevented, or at least postponed, the demise of the Weimar Republic.
		The Weimar Republic probably would not have been as delegitimized and weakened by the unstable compromises and wavering over crucial reforms if the agenda of political means and procedures had not shadowed the agenda of actual goals.
	www.nationalismproject.org /books/bookrevs/Peukert.html (1269 words)

	The failure of the Weimar Republic
		The failure of the Weimar Republic to solve the problems faced by Germany during the 1920's and early 30's is very well documented and the consequences of this failure are well known.
		The failure of Weimar to contain and eradicate these movements was in part due to the economic conditions of the day.
		Weimar's failure was sealed by the constitution itself.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /failureofweimar.htm (489 words)

	Germany the Weimar Republic - Problems of Parliamentary Politics
		The Weimar Republic was beset with serious problems from the outset that led many Germans either to withhold support from the new parliamentary democracy or to seek actively to destroy it.
		The right posed a graver threat to the Weimar Republic than did the extreme left because it enjoyed the support of most of Germany's establishment: the military, the financial elites, the state bureaucracy, the educational system, and much of the press.
		Dissatisfaction with the republic was also evident in the June 1920 elections, in which the Weimar coalition lost its majority.
	www.country-studies.com /germany/the-weimar-republic---problems-of-parliamentary-politics.html (1045 words)

	Weimar Republic and Third Reich
		A government of the "Weimar Coalition" (SPD, DDP, Center) is formed with Philipp Scheidemann as Chancellor.
		The parties of the "Weimar Coalition" lose their Reichstag majority in national elections; they never again have enough seats to form a majority coalition.
		A "Great Coalition" government (the first since 1923) is formed under Hermann Müller (SPD), after national elections that seems to confirm the stabilization of the Republic.
	dmorgan.web.wesleyan.edu /materials/weimar.htm (1823 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Wilhelm Marx
		He served as Chancellor of Germany from 1923 to 1925 and again from 1926 to 1928, and was the Centre Party's (and, in the second round, the entire Weimar Coalition's) candidate in the 1925 presidential election, when he was defeated by Paul von Hindenburg.
		The factual accuracy of this article is Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic.
		The Weimar Coalition is the name given to the coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the German Democratic Party (DDP), and the Catholic Centre Party, who together had a large majority of the delegates to the Constituent Assembly which met at Weimar in 1919, and were the...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wilhelm-Marx (1527 words)

	Weimar Germany and the Rise of the Nazis
		The Weimar Republic, proclaimed on November 9, 1918, was born in the throes of military defeat and social revolution (see fig.
		Goethe's Weimar was contrasted with the Prussian Germany of authoritarianism, military swagger, and imperialism.
		The dilemma of the Weimar intellectual, who had to choose between the conservative past and the liberal present, can be approached through the novelist Thomas Mann.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Weimar.html (4769 words)

	President of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Weimar constitution created a semi-presidential system in which power was divided between the president, a cabinet and a parliament.
		The provisions of the Weimar constitution for the impeachment or deposition of the president are similar to those found in the Constitution of Austria.
		Hugo Preuss, the writer of the Weimar constitution, is said to have accepted the advice of Max Weber as to the term of office and powers of the presidency, and the method by which the president would be elected.
	president-of-germany.ask.dyndns.dk (3889 words)

	::Friedrich Ebert::
		Ebert was Weimar Germany's first president and was instrumental in introducing Weimar's constitution which was to play an important part in the downfall of the Weimar Republic.
		On February 11th, 1919, Ebert was elected president of the Weimar Republic - a position he held until his death in 1925.
		In this time he had to contend with the shame many Germans felt at losing the war, the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles, the economic plight Germany was in, the invasion of the Ruhr and the devastating impact of hyperinflation.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /friedrich_ebert.htm (599 words)

	Weimar - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Weimar
		The writers Goethe, Schiller, and Herder, and the composers Johann Sebastian Bach and Liszt lived in the town.
		The cultural traditions, history, and architecture resulted in Weimar being designated Europe's ‘Cultural Capital’ for 1999.
		His manoeuvre was, however, delayed by a boiler explosion on board the Susquehanna, and dawn found this ship in sight of and indeed so close to the Bremen and Weimar that they instantly engaged.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Weimar (266 words)

	Weimar Germany 1919-1933 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Weimar Germany was the name given to the period of German history from 1919 until 1933.
		The constituent assembly met at Weimar in February 1919 and Ebert was chosen as president.
		The Weimar Republic, however weak its economy and its political system, was one of the most fertile grounds for the modern arts and sciences in history.
	www.historyhome.co.uk /europe/weimar.htm (3408 words)

	Who was Friedrich Ebert?
		With Ebert's active cooperation, a new government, headed by Prince Max of Baden and consisting of the three parties of the Weimar coalition, was organized in October 1918 through a sweeping constitutional reform that in essential respects foreshadowed the Weimar Constitution.
		The new German constitution, the Weimar Constitution, so called after the town in which it was drawn up, was the work of the coalition.
		By the votes of the three parties forming the coalition, Ebert was elected the first president of the republic.
	www.fesnepal.org /about/friedrich.htm (815 words)

	Adolf Hitler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Weimar Republic had never been firmly rooted and was openly opposed by right-wing conservatives (including monarchists), Communists and the Nazis.
		The republican parties lost their majority and their ability to resume the Grand Coalition, while the Nazis suddenly rose from relative obscurity to win 18.3% of the vote along with 107 seats in the Reichstag, becoming the second largest party in Germany.
		This revitalising of industry and infrastructure came at the expense of the overall standard of living, at least for those not affected by the chronic unemployment of the later Weimar Republic, since wages were slightly reduced in pre-war years despite a 25% increase in the cost of living (Shirer 1959).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adolf_hitler (10147 words)

	lec5
		The objective of this discussion is to indicate the nature of the response to the defeat in certain German circles, and what impact this had on the nature of growing German antisemitism, especially among members of far right and the emerging Nazi Party.
		The Weimar Constitution was adopted in Jan. 1919, and made Germany a federal republic, known as the Weimar Republic.
		Weimar Republic also showed the weaknesses of the multiparty system; no one party held a majority of seats in the parliament (Reichstag); so the republic governed by a coalition of several parties; unstable coalition because of ideological differences.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~shaked/Holocaust/lectures/lec5.html (5854 words)

	ipedia.com: Glossary of the Weimar Republic Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Some are particular to the period and government and others were just in common usage but have a bearing on the Weimar milieu and political manuevering.
		Weimar Coalition — the first solid majoritarian parties; the Social Democratic Party (37.9%), the Catholic Center Party (19.7%), the liberal Democratic Party (18.6%).
		anti-Young coalition — Alfred Hugenberg with the Nationalist Party; Stahlhelm; the Pan-German League and Dr. Schacht of the Reichsbank; the campaign began in September 1929.
	www.ipedia.com /glossary_of_the_weimar_republic.html (983 words)

	Collapse of the Weimar Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This seemed to be a significant trend because it brought the Weimar coalition (Social Democrats, Democrats and the Center parties) to within six seats of an absolute majority.
		That was as close as this famous republican coalition had ever come to a predominant political position within the parliament.
		The Weimar Republic appeared to be enjoying its halcyon days, thanks largely to the foreign policy achievements of Gustav Stresemann.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/germany/lectures/23weimar_collapse.html (3671 words)

	Essay: The Failures of the Weimar Republic, 1919-1929. - Coursework.Info
		Mariano Bacigalupi The Failures of the Weimar Republic, 1919-1929 The Weimar Republic, proclaimed on November 9, 1918, was born because of military defeat and social revolution.
		The government, composed of members from the assembly, came to be called the Weimar coalition.
		The legislative powers of the Reichstag were further weakened by the so-called emergency clause, accorded the president the right to allow the cabinet to govern without the consent of parliament whenever it was deemed essential to maintaining public order.
	www.coursework.info /I_B_/History/The_Failures_of_the_Weimar_Republic_1919_1929_L56318.html (258 words)

	TIME.com: "Anything May Happen" -- Apr. 13, 1925 -- Page 1
		The Socialist, Democrat and Catholic Parties, or Weimar coalition (socalled because these parties secured the passage at Weimar of the Republican Consitution in 1919), true to prediction, joined forces in support of coalition Candidate Wilhelm Marx, ex-Chancellor and leader of the Catholic Party.
		As between the two coalitions, there is nothing to choose: both have equal chances of polling a majority of the votes.
		All in all, the two blocs are equal; and, although it seems likely that the Weimar Coalition will win, the vote is certain to be close and in a close election anything may happen.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,720203,00.html (691 words)

	German Unemployment Highest Since Weimar Era
		Government massaging of unemployment statistics has become a permanent feature in Germany, but it is the first time that the labour office has admitted the real figure.
		Reform of the labour market is one of the main goals of Chancellor Schroder's Red-Green coalition government, which pledged to halve unemployment during its first term, and which was narrowly re-elected on a wafer-thin majority two months ago.
		Details concerning the massaging of unemployment statistics came on the heels of revelations of an alarming fall in tax revenues, leading to predictions that Germany's budget deficit is set to rise by £20 billion this year.
	www.rense.com /general31/germanunemployment.htm (738 words)

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