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Topic: Welfare Party

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	Turkey - Welfare Party
		The Welfare Party (Refah Partisi--RP), which had received only 7 percent of the total vote in the 1987 parliamentary elections and thus had not qualified for assembly seats, was the main electoral surprise in the 1991 balloting.
		The Welfare Party's strength is in middle- and lower-class urban neighborhoods and in the Kurdish areas of the southeast.
		In addition, Welfare Party candidates for mayor won in twenty-seven other cities and in 400 towns, including almost all of the predominantly Kurdish municipalities in the southeast.
	www.countrystudies.us /turkey/83.htm (648 words)

	Turkish Court Ban on Islamist Welfare Party Boomerangs, Widening Gulf With EU
		Although the Turkish army clearly orchestrated the campaign against Welfare, party leaders seem determined to press their cause through peaceful means.
		The Constitutional Court closed the party for "acting against the secular principle of the republic.'' The court, whose decisions are irreversible, also banned 71-year-old Welfare Party leader Necmettin Erbakan from politics for five years, along with three other Welfare politicians and three former party members.
		Yet Erbakan and other party leaders warned their 4.2 million members against being provoked into a violent reaction that could trigger another crackdown by the military, which forced the country's first Islamist-led government to resign last June after just a year in office.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0398/9803043.html (1876 words)

	Welfare Party Summary
		In 1983 the Refah (Welfare) party was founded and headed by the leader of political Islam in Turkey, Necmettin Erbakan (b.
		The party cut through class divisions by uniting, around a common Islamic identity, elements from all classes who were marginalized in relation to the politics and ideology of the Kemalist state.
		The Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) (RP) in Turkey was founded by Ahmed Tekdal in Ankara in 1983 as heir to two earlier parties, Milli Nizam Partisi (National Order Party, MNP) and Milli Selamet Partisi (National Salvation Party, MSP), which were banned from politics.
	www.bookrags.com /Welfare_Party (718 words)

	Welfare Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) (RP) in Turkey was founded by Ahmed Tekdal in Ankara in 1983 as heir to two earlier parties, Milli Nizam Partisi (National Order Party, MNP) and Milli Selamet Partisi (National Salvation Party, MSP), which were banned from politics.
		The RP participated in mayoral elections at that time and they won in three cities- Konya, Sanliurfa, and Van.
		Their popular vote increased over the years until they became the largest party under Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan in 1996.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Welfare_Party (154 words)

	Turkey Political Developments Since the 1980 Coup
		All three parties seemed to be obvious continuations of dissolved precoup parties, and they did not try very hard to disguise their ties to banned politicians.
		Whereas the True Path Party emerged from the elections with the largest number of votes and the greatest number of assembly seats, its overall performance--27 percent of the total vote and 178 assembly seats--was less impressive than Demirel had hoped and insufficient to give the party the 226 seats needed for parliamentary control.
		The Welfare Party built steady support in middle- and lower-class urban neighborhoods by focusing on widespread dissatisfaction with government policies and attributing official abuses of authority to the failure of leaders to adhere to traditional religious values.
	www.country-studies.com /turkey/political-developments-since-the-1980-coup.html (2153 words)

	NewsHour:Welfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Welfare Reform: Imperial Valley A look at how welfare reform is affecting people in California's Imperial Valley.
		Welfare Reform: First Inning The deadline for states to file outlines for new ways to run welfare programs has passed.
		From Welfare To Work Lee Hochberg reports on the transition made by of hundreds of people nationwide who’ve moved from welfare to work as part of corporate programs to hire people on assistance.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/welfare/welfare.html (1027 words)

	Party politics in Turkey, 1963-2000
		The increase of vote for the Justice Party was the "expression of sympathy with the policies of the former DP", and the desire of westernization (Gorvin, 1989: 362).
		The new Democratic Party established in 1970--not to be confused with the DP that had been terminated in 1960--gained 10% of seats in their first parliamentary elections.
		The Welfare Party established in 1983 by Necmettin Erbakan, the founder of the National Salvation Party, was the successor to the NSP, had the same Islamic fundamentalist direction, and was also banned from the election in 1983.
	www.janda.org /ICPP/ICPP2000/Countries/7-MiddleEastNorthAfrica/78-Turkey/Turkey63-00.htm (2646 words)

	Discover Turkey: REFAH Banned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Refah, the party of former prime minister Necmettin Erbakan, was disbanded by the constitutional court, Turkey's highest tribunal, on January 16 after a lengthy trial which found it guilty of questioning the secular character of the government.
		With the publication, party leader and former premier Necmettin Erbakan and two of his party aides, who were barred from politics under the January 16 verdict, officially lost their seats in parliament.
		But any party that would replace Welfare should refrain from claiming that it is the continuation of the banned group, because under the constitution, political parties that are the continuation of a dissolved political organisation must also be closed down.
	free.hostdepartment.com /h/humanrightsturkey/REFAH.htm (3269 words)

	Turkish Parliament Approves New Coalition Government
		The Welfare Party emerged as the biggest vote getter in last December's parliamentary elections, with 158 seats in the 550-seat parliament.
		But the Welfare Party's continued electoral success -- reconfirmed in recent municipal by-elections -- could not be ignored, even though its opponents continue to stress that its followers still only represent a minority, less than 25 percent of the population.
		Letting the Welfare Party into government was a test for the Turkish military in particular, which three times in the last 30 years has intervened in politics in its role as protector of the secular republic.
	ppd.fnal.gov /experiments/e769/ny.html (688 words)

	Tansu Çiller and Necmettin Erbakan - All About Turkey
		Today she is not the leader of DYP anymore (Mehmet Agar is the new leader), and stayed out of the Parliament because of 10% threshold during last elections in 2002.
		Erbakan's Welfare Party was outlawed in 1997 after a long campaign leaded by the Turkish military and forces and most of the self-conscious people afraid of a disintegration of the country with a possible Islamization, and the chances of an escalation of the conflict with Kurdish nationalists.
		Welfare Party (RP) changed its name into Wisdom Party (FP), with its leader Recai Kutan, but its members say that this is not a continuation of RP but a new party called FP.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /politikaci1.htm (665 words)

	[No title]
		The Islamist Welfare Party (RP) led by Necmettin Erbakan emerged first from Sunday's general election with 21.3 percent of the votes and 158 deputies in the 550-seat parliament.
		The Welfare Party had no chance of coming to power and there is the possibility that the election may be repeated, MEGA said.
		Despite emerging as the first party, the Welfare Party does not have enough votes for forming a government by itself, it said, adding it would be difficult for Welfare to find a coalition partner.
	www.b-info.com /places/Turkey/news/95-12/dec26.tdn (2509 words)

	Muslimedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		However, when the three parties that make up the ruling coalition (the Democratic Left Party, the Nationalist Movement Party and the Motherland Party) submitted the legislature’s agenda for the week beginning January 22, discussions on the amendment were nowhere to be seen.
		The Virtue Party’s hopes, that the end of Savas’s term in January would be a serious hitch in the government’s efforts to dissolve it, were soon dashed.
		The party is in danger of splitting because of a widening rift between two factions, the "reformists" led by Abdullah Gul and the "traditionalists" led by Kutan.
	www.muslimedia.com /ARCHIVES/world01/tur-inquis.htm (1413 words)

	AllRefer.com - 1UpInfo > Turkey > Welfare Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		When new political parti es were authorized in 1983, Erbakan founded the Welfare Party on a platform stressing themes similar to those espoused by the defunct MSP.
		Inspired by the party's achievements in 1991, Welfare Party activists, includi ng a new generation of university students, campaigned tirelessly to recruit new supporters.
		The Democratic Left Party, known by the Turkish acronym DSP (for Demokratik Sol Partisi), was the smallest parliamentary party in January 1995.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/turkey/turkey85.html (925 words)

	Year of the Wolf: Turkey’s Election Results, The Estimate, April 23, 1999
		There is a long tradition of bolting parties, and sometimes — as when Çiller’s DYP unraveled during her coalition with Welfare in 1996-1997 — a party can lose (or gain) dozens of seats.
		The major problem created by the 1995 elections was the fact that the largest single party, Welfare, was an anti-establishment party, in fact one which was utterly anathema to the secularist, Kemalist Turkish establishment.
		But the two parties have cooperated in the past (in the 1991 elections), and share some views in common: both have a populist streak, an both are anti-establishment, in the sense of feeling excluded from the secular, Kemalist, Turkish mainstream — or what used to be the mainstream, at any rate.
	www.theestimate.com /public/042399.html (2406 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Turkish Islamists on US visit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The turning point was the January 1998 closure by the Turkish Constitutional Court of the VP's predecessor, the Welfare Party (WP), on the grounds that it had attempted to erode secularism in the country.
		Under former Prime Minister and Welfare Party Chairman Necmettin Erbakan, who was barred from politics under the January 1998 court ruling that banned the party, rigorous discipline ensured that any internal divisions in the movement did not become public.
		Under Welfare Party arrangements, nearly all elections to party posts were decided before coming to the vote with only one candidate, usually hand-picked by Erbakan, standing for office.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/455/re5.htm (680 words)

	WELFARE REFORM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		"Welfare reform", it seems these words are on the he lips of every politician, TV newscaster, magazine writer, and social scientist around.
		Party members have joined a statewide mass organization, STEPS (Solutions to End Poverty Soon) and have been active in the Newark chapter.
		Even if all welfare cuts were stopped and grants were raised (as happened during the 1960s), the capitalists would continue to use unemployed workers as a club over the heads of the employed.
	www.plp.org /pamphlets/wr.html (4456 words)

	BBC News \| Despatches \| Turkey's Welfare Party is banned
		The party leader, Necmettin Erbakan, and a number of his associates, will be banned from active politics for five years.
		Most of Welfare's parliamentary deputies will be allowed to retain their seats, but they'll have to serve in the first instance as independents.
		Welfare had more than 4 million members around the country, and it won just over 20% of the vote at the last election - enough for it to become the largest party in parliament.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/despatches/48001.stm (279 words)

	IJNL Vol 6 Iss 1: Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) and Others v. Turkey
		Still, the Court reiterated that, where political parties are concerned, the exceptions in Article 11 are to be construed strictly, the States have only a limited margin of appreciation, and drastic measures such as dissolving a party might be taken only in the most serious cases (§100).
		The importance placed on the political influence of the party is consistent with the Court’s approach in the previous Turkish party cases, which differed from the Refah case in that the parties concerned had hardly had a chance to carry out any activities before they were dissolved.
		Since party members could not be convicted of activities against secularism, State Counsel could not order their exclusion, and hence should not be able to institute proceedings for the dissolution of a party as a center of such activities.
	www.icnl.org /journal/vol6iss1/rel_moeprint.htm (3801 words)

	THE RISE OF THE ISLAMIST MOVEMENT IN TURKEY
		Consequently, Erbakan was banned from politics and the Welfare Party was outlawed in January 1998 by the Constitutional Court on the grounds that it violated the principles of secularism and the law of the political parties.
		Their resignation was interpreted as a move to form a new party given the fact that the Constitutional Court opened a closure case against the Virtue Party after the April 18, 1999 elections on the charges that the party was carrying out anti-secular activities and was the sucessor of the RP.
		According to the law, a newly founded party that replaced a banned political party shall omit 50 percent of the total membership of the now defunct party.The Virtue Party went even farther and it renewed 60 percent of members who were recruited by the now defunct Welfare Party.
	www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/meria/journal/1999/issue3/jv3n3a4.html (5606 words)

	CNN.com - Turkey opposition party banned - June 22, 2001
		In 1998, the Welfare Party was shut down on the grounds that it was engaged in fundamentalist activity and was violating the secular principles of the Turkish constitution.
		Most of the deputies of the Welfare Party kept their seats in parliament, and simply formed a new party under a new name with a new party program.
		The chief prosecutor had indicted the constitutional party on two grounds: That the Virtue Party was merely a continuation of the Welfare Party and that it violated the constitution's secular principles.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/06/22/turkey.ban (416 words)

	Islamophobia
		The ban on the Refah (Welfare) Party and the removal from office as prime minister of its leader Necmettin Erbakan the previous year were direct attacks on those beliefs.
		Even parties with terrorist links, like the Basque country’s Euskal Herritarrok (the political wing of ETA) or Ireland’s Sinn Fein or some of the Northern Irish loyalist parties, know that were they to be banned they could go to the European Court of Human Rights and be sure of a reprieve.
		Neither the Welfare Party nor its lineal successors, the Virtue Party which was banned less than six weeks ago and the reincarnation, the Felicity Party, can be accused of being involved with violence.
	www.arabnews.com /?page=7§ion=0&article=4460&d=5&m=8&y=2001&pix=opinion.jpg&category=Opinion (524 words)

	IslamOnline.net- Muslim Affairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The case against the pro-Islamic Virtue Party started in 1999 by the then chief prosecutor, Vural Savas, who alleged the Party was behind anti-secularist activity, and that it was the continuation of the Welfare Party, the Islamist political party immediately preceding Virtue.
		The party, Turkey's third largest political force, was accused of activities that violated the secular status of the country and of being the antecedent habitant of the Islamic Khilafah.
		Then, Necmettin Erbakan, Welfare Party leader and the mentor of political Islam in Turkey, and its first Islamist prime minister, was forced by a military-led campaign to step down after just a year in power.
	www.islamonline.net /servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1156077758010&pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs/MAELayout (1500 words)

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