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Topic: Welsh

	Welsh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg), not to be confused with Welsh English (the English language as spoken in Wales), is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in the western part of Britain known as Wales (Cymru), and in the Chubut Valley, a Welsh immigrant colony in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
		Although Welsh is a minority language, and thus threatened by the dominance of English, support for the language grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of nationalist political organisations such as the political party Plaid Cymru and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh Language Society).
		Welsh morphology has much in common with that of the other modern Insular Celtic languages, such the use of initial consonant mutations, and the use of so-called "conjugated prepositions" (prepositions that fuse with the personal pronouns that are their object).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Welsh_language (2700 words)

	Welsh - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg), not to be confused with the Welsh dialect of English, is a Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in the western part of Britain known as Wales (Cymru), and in the Chubut Valley, a Welsh immigrant colony in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
		Welsh as a first language is largely concentrated in the less urban north and west of Wales, principally Gwynedd, Merioneth, Anglesey (Môn), Carmarthenshire, North Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion, and parts of western Glamorgan, although first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales.
		Welsh is used in education, and many Welsh universities are bilingual, most notably the University of Wales, Bangor.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /welsh.htm (2299 words)

	Wales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wales has been a principality since the 13th century, initially under the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great, and later under his grandson, Llywelyn the Last, who took the title Prince of Wales around 1258, and was recognised by the English Crown in 1277 by the Treaty of Aberconwy.
		Since 1993 and the passing of the Welsh Language Act it has been law for all documents produced by public bodies to be in both English and Welsh.
		The Brecon Beacons are in the south and are joined by the Cambrian Mountains in mid-Wales, the latter being given to the earliest of the geological periods(Cambrian).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wales (1971 words)

	Seven Days: Welsh's Juice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Welsh makes a dozen or more paintings a week; since July, when he moved to the Main Street townhouse with his wife Danielle and her 6-year-old son, he estimates he's painted 150 canvasses.
		Welsh hurls himself into painting, and seemingly hurls paint at canvas, for "eight or nine hours a day, seven days a week." It's an experience he suggests is more than therapeutic.
		Welsh, who dropped out of high school in 10th grade, is a self-taught artist, and in some ways his work is consistent with that of the uninhibited and often childlike "outsider" canon: The perspective is flat; human anatomy and proportion are crudely approximated.
	www.sevendaysvt.com /columns/eyewitness_art/2005/welshs_juice?id=444&type=98 (1262 words)

	Welsh language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Welsh is a Celtic language spoken as a community language in Wales (Cymru) by about 659,000 people, and in the Welsh colony (Y Wladfa) in Patagonia, Argentina (yr Ariannin) by several hundred people.
		Welsh is fairly closely related to Cornish and Breton, and more distantly related to Irish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic.
		The earliest known examples of Welsh literature are the poems of Taliesin, which feature Urien of Rheged, a 6th century king in what is now southern Scotland, and Aneirin's Y Gododdin, a description of a battle between Celts and Northumbrians which occurred in about 600 AD.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/welsh.htm (591 words)

	Welsh in Pennsylvania - Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The mass immigration of Welsh to Pennsylvania before 1700 was due largely to the desire of Welsh Quakers for religious freedom and escape from persecution, and for the creation of a separate colony or “barony” in America.
		A verbal agreement was reached, reportedly, which assured the Welsh that their settlement would be indivisible and would constitute a “barony” with the right of self-government.
		Many of the settlers were members of the Welsh gentry and their servants, and the others came from the yeoman class.
	www.phmc.state.pa.us /ppet/welsh/page2.asp?secid=31 (612 words)

	Breeds of Livestock - Welsh Pony & Cob
		Because of his heritage, the Welsh pony is not bothered by the somewhat extreme variations of climate and terrain encountered in the United States and Canada.
		Principally through his efforts and those of John Alexander, The Welsh Pony and Cob (the word "Cob" was dropped in 1946) Society of America was formed and certification for the establishment of a breed registry was issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture on July 30, 1907.
		The popularity of the Welsh was spreading, and his great versatility was already becoming apparent, not only because he was adapting himself well to any geographical area, but because he was being put to many uses, both by children and adults.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /breeds/horses/welsh (1916 words)

	United States Equestrian Federation, Inc : Eq Sports : Breeds : Welsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Welsh Ponies have been pampered by royalty and served on the farms of the poor.
		All Welsh Ponies and Cobs found in the United States are descended entirely from animals registered with The Welsh Pony and Cob Society in the UK.
		While Welsh Ponies were imported to America as early as the 1880's, the Welsh Pony and Cob Society of America was not established as a breed registry until 1907.
	www.usef.org /content/equestrianSports/breeds/welsh.php (636 words)

	IBHOF / Freddie Welsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A true boxing scientist, Welsh was a clever counterpuncher who believed in feinting and shifting his body to draw his opposition out of position.
		Welsh closed out the year with a 15-round decision win over reigning featherweight champ Abe Attell in a non-title fight.
		Welsh went on to manage Jimmy Goodrich, who won the New York State lighweight title left vacant by Benny Leonard.
	www.ibhof.com /welsh.htm (392 words)

	Welsh Renaissance
		Students were punished for speaking Welsh in school, and the mass media flooded the country with English pop culture.
		Linguists assumed that Welsh would go the way of Gaelic in Scotland and Ireland—the focus of much nationalist rhetoric, but spoken on a daily basis only in the poorest and most isolated areas.
		There may be Welsh classes and plays and poetry readings and road signs, but walk down the street in Cardiff or Swansea and you will rarely hear anything other than English.
	homelands.org /worlds/welsh.html (838 words)

	A Welsh Course
		The main emphasis of the course is in developing conversational skills in Welsh as it is currently spoken (as contrasted with teaching the forms needed for understanding literary Welsh).
		The Welsh National Eisteddfod has a page describing their annual events, which are great places for learners to go.
		Cymdeithas Madog, the Welsh Studies Institute of North America, has a home page that includes pictures of Wales and information about their annual Cwrs Cymraeg, a week-long intensive Welsh course that is traditionally held in early August.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /fun/welsh (876 words)

	Welsh and Cob Ponies (home page) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Welsh Pony, however, has maintained its own dominant physical characteristics over the years, demonstrating that the Welsh crosses well with many other breeds, and this is, to some breeders, an important aspect of its unusual versatility.
		According to documentation in the 15th century, the Welsh Cob was part of the essential string of mounts for the British knight.
		Although the numbers of the Welsh Pony of Cob Type and the Welsh Cob are relatively small in the United States compared to their cousins the Welsh Mountain Pony (Section A) and the Welsh Pony (Section B), their numbers are increasing yearly with new foals born and importation from the UK.
	www.imh.org /imh/bw/welsh.html (2762 words)

	The Welsh Tract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		At the June court of 1689 William Howell of Haverford was commis sioned as a justice, and William Jenkins of Haverford served as a juror.
		The Welsh then seem to have given up the idea of a Barony, and with as good a grace as possible submitted to the authority of Chester County.
		But eventually the Welsh lan guage must have faded, even as the population of Quakers diminished and their political influence grew less.
	members.macconnect.com /users/d/dalex/Pages/Welsh-Tract.html (483 words)

	Irvine Welsh: www.irvinewelsh.com
		And Welsh, whose most famous book, Trainspotting, was once criticised by the novelist Alexander McCall Smith as a classic example of Scottish "miserablism", will also largely do away with the sex, drugs and violence that have defined his work to date.
		Welsh, who was born in Leith and spent much of his life there before finding fame with his debut novel, accused developers of providing just a few token "cheap" housing developments to keep local people quiet while building posh flats for "rich incomers".
		Hear Welsh read a passage in which Juice Terry is working as a window cleaner and enters the hotel room of a famous American singer to eat her club sandwich.
	www.irvinewelsh.com (2097 words)

	History and Status of the Welsh Language
		Welsh is an Indo-European language and so has much of the deep structure of its grammar shared with other Indo-European languages, as well as much vocabulary cognate with that of other members of the family - including English.
		In this sense the Welsh were the ones who inherited post-Roman Britain as the Empire retreated, encompassing most of the island of Britain south of the Antonine Wall (which is in the central belt of modern Scotland).
		It led the campaign for the first Welsh Language Act and is held to be responsible for many of the symbols which have made the existence of the Welsh language more a natural part of public life in the last half of the twentieth century.
	users.comlab.ox.ac.uk /geraint.jones/about.welsh (4126 words)

	Data Wales index and search page.
		Dr E. Wyn James of the School of Welsh, Cardiff University, has a new website to celebrate the life and work of this modest but influential woman.
		Tracing an American family's roots with the aid of a Welsh bible.
		Welsh writer sheds new light on Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
	www.data-wales.co.uk (539 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Wales: The Welsh Language
		The Welsh themselves are descendants of the Galatians, to whom Paul wrote his famous letter.
		Welsh is still used by about half a million people within Wales and possibly another few hundred thousand in England and other areas overseas.
		The Welsh word for their country is Cymru (Kumree), the land of the Comrades; the people are known as Cymry (Kumree) and the language as Cymraeg (Kumrige).
	www.britannia.com /celtic/wales/language.html (1007 words)

	Data Wales : The Welsh Flag and other Welsh symbols.
		As Roman legions withdrew at the end of the fourth century and the British were left alone to face Saxon attacks, the dragon would have been a natural symbol for those who wished to preserve their Romanised way of life against the barbarian invader.
		The ancient poets Aneirin and Taliesin use the Welsh word for dragon "draig" in the sense of "warrior" or "leader" and this usage remained to the Middle Ages.
		Despite its occasional use by other figures famous in Welsh history, the red dragon became the symbol of the Welsh nation through its adoption by the Tudor ancestors of king Henry VII.
	www.data-wales.co.uk /flag.htm (767 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Trainspotting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Irvine Welsh's controversial first novel, set on the heroin-addicted fringe of working-class youth in Edinburgh, is yet another exploration of the dark side of Scottishness.
		For those who do not know, Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting is set in Scotland in roughly contemporary times, and tells the tale of Mark Renton, a twenty-ish philosophical junky and his band of mates, as they run, walk and crawl through a sometimes dismal, sometimes upbeat life in a post-industrial, pre-future society.
		Trainspotting is worth the effort of dissecting the meaning of the odd, Celtic-flavored words Welsh uses to tell this tale of a crew of heroin-using Scotsmen in a pessimistic society that has seen better days.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0393314804?v=glance (1933 words)

	Welsh Companies, LLC - Office Retail Industrial Land Development Construction Architecture
		Welsh Companies is a leader in full-service commercial real estate, headquartered in the Twin Cities.
		Welsh Companies is affiliated with New America International (NAI), the world’s largest real estate delivery system.
		NAI allows Welsh to provide our clients with access to a worldwide network of real estate services, information, financing, and resources.
	www.welshco.com (63 words)

	the true welsh emblem
		The Welsh Tudor dynasty adopted these colours and Henry VIII is said to have presented a leek to his daughter in 1536, the Wales was annexed to England to mark St David's Day.
		The famous Welsh poet Taliesin also refers to leeks in his war epics written in the 6th century.
		I am afraid the use of the Cenhinen Bedr, the Daffodil as a symbol of Wales, is a modern concoction created by middle class Welsh looking for an identity especially at the time of the instigation of the Eisteddfod as we know it today.
	www.mygarden.me.uk /Daffodil.htm (924 words)

	Welsh Blogs, Part I
		This is true for speakers and learners of Welsh, too: Just type "Welsh" or "Cymraeg" in the search box of a blog aggregator such as Bloglines and you'll find no shortage of blogs in Welsh.
		For would-be bloggers, you have a forum to practice writing in Welsh, not to mention a chance to appeal to an audience of Welsh speakers or learners.
		This blog is the handiwork of Welsh tutor Nic Dafis, who also runs a number of other sites on various topics.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/welsh_language/112078 (429 words)

	The language of Wales - read the signposts, ask the way
		Welsh is an ancient Celtic gaelic language, of the same family as Cornish and Breton gaelic.
		To illustrate the differences, my mother who spoke Welsh before she learnt English, could understand the Breton tongue, but was lost with the Irish gaelic!
		Today around 20% of all people in Wales speak Welsh fluently, so the language is very much a living language.
	www.wales-calling.com /language.htm (230 words)

	Searching Lexicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		When you translate from "Welsh to English" using "Whole word" mode, the lookup engine attempts to undo any mutations before looking up the word.
		If you select "Attempt translations", then the lookup engine will suggest possible ways to translate the exact form of the word that was entered.
		This option is only valid when translating from Welsh to English in "Whole word" mode.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /fun/welsh/LexiconForms.html (167 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:WLS
		19% of the Welsh population speak the language, and 33% able to understand it (1998).
		88% of those questioned believe they should be proud of Welsh, and that it should be treated equally with English.
		There is an increase in the number of parents choosing a Welsh-medium education for their children.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=WLS (136 words)

	Family Partners Welsh Ponies & Cobs
		After being Champion at the Royal Welsh, we were fortunate to be able to purchase and import this very special individual.
		Mardi Gras is the epitome of the perfect Section B Welsh Pony, having exceptional elegance, substance, bone, balance, superb movement, and a very kind disposition.
		Welsh Ponies and Cobs can be ridden or driven and enjoyed by adults of any age and size!
	www.welshponies.com (1144 words)

	Welsh Immigration
		In 1843 a Welsh Society was formed in New York City in an attempt to protect Welsh immigrants from fraud and exploitation.
		By 1873 the Welsh were able to establish a Presbyterian church in San Francisco.
		In 1877 its Welsh citizens organized a colonization society to aid their countrymen to move from the overcrowded industrial areas of the East to the agricultural areas in the West.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAEwales.htm (762 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Harri Potter a Maen yr Athronydd (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Welsh Edition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Welsh translation of the first Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in which Harry Potter, a normal eleven-year-old boy, discovers that he is a wizard.
		As a non-native Welsh speaker, this was a welcome chance to practice and expand my vocabulary (how many different words are there for look/glance/peer/etc?!) and my grammar.
		It was a great help to know what the line was supposed to say (either from my knowledge of the story or from the English.) I could have read it without the dictionary, I suppose, but I wanted to actually learn the new verbs, and annotate things in the text.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1582348278?v=glance (1229 words)

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