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Topic: Welsh mathematicians

	Category:British mathematicians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mathematicians can also be browsed by field and by period.
		Mathematicians of the United Kingdom and Ireland: British
		Some, but not all, mathematicians from the United Kingdom have been subcategorised into
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:British_mathematicians (66 words)

	Fascination, determination has its rewards for Welsh (Proctor, Minnesota) 07-01-2004
		Welsh was intrigued by the story and decided to investigate barley?s affect on green algae.
		Welsh has been on the A honor roll, throughout her high school career, was selected for the National Honor Society and was named Junior Rotarian.
		Welsh is also a member of the track, cross country running and cross country ski teams where she was an All-Conference skier for both her team and herself.
	www.proctormn.com /placed/story/07-01-2004welsh.html (390 words)

	Carlyle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Leslie, seeing that despite being a very competent mathematician, he would never excel at research, advised him to use his mathematical skills by studying engineering and then suggested that he should go to the United States.
		In 1821 he met Jane Baillie Welsh whose father John Welsh had been a respected Haddington doctor but had just died of typhoid.
		Jane was nineteen years old at the time and her mother Grace Welsh was finding things very difficult.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Carlyle.html (2110 words)

	[No title]
		There was the work of Francois Jaeger [3], who derived a spin model, and hence an evaluation of the Kauffman polynomial, from the strongly regular graph associated with the Higman-Sims simple group; and that of Dominic Welsh and his collaborators (described in his book [4]) on the computational complexity of the new knot invariants.
		First, this work was done by combinatorial mathematicians (rather than by topologists or others "slumming"), and tied in naturally with the body of their work.
		In the present climate, with its stress on short-to-medium term projects, mathematics as a whole is especially vulnerable, since its resources so often find their application long after they are developed and in unexpected ways.
	www.maths.qmw.ac.uk /~pjc/cadcom.txt (759 words)

	Number Nabbers Bag Biggest Prime
		Mathematicians can easily prove that there exist infinitely many primes, but it is very difficult to determine whether a given large number is prime or not.
		However, in the 1870s the French mathematician Edouard Lucas developed a theory allowing mathematicians to judge better whether large numbers are prime, and in the 1930s the American mathematician Derrick Lehmer used this theory to develop a reasonably efficient test for whether 2
		Welsh was the co-discoverer of the 29th Mersenne prime, 2
	www.unc.edu /depts/cmse/math/Mersenne.html (739 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| One man and his Website
		In a bid to revive disastrous Welsh lamb prices last year, a group of farmers in mid-Wales have now turned their attentions from sheep dip to e-commerce.
		The result is Direct Welsh Lamb which offers meat for sale on the Internet for delivery straight to any front door in the UK.
		He claims that the quality of Direct Welsh Lamb is superior because it is left to hang for up to a week unlike much abattoir-slaughtered meat which is "in today and out tomorrow".
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_383000/383841.stm (382 words)

	Simon Singh
		The world of mathematicians is something of a brotherhood, like the Pythagorean one that began the whole business: mathematicians belong to a community and they play by different rules from most people, including scientists.
		How wrong that proved to be, Singh explains: all codes in history, until the 1970s, required a key - for your recipient to be able to decode the message he or she must first be sent a key.
		It relies on the fact that mathematicians have never been able fully to understand prime numbers - they seem to be scattered amongst the numbers at random.
	www.contemporarywriters.com /authors?p=auth02D2O041012627219 (1164 words)

	Aber News Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Welsh Politics and Society masters degree, based at the Department of International Politics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, will enable students to study Welsh politics through the medium of English or Welsh.
		The establishment of this new degree is made possible by ongoing support for the work of the Institute of Welsh Politics, by the Department of International Politics and a specific three year grant from HEFCW (the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales) to develop the Welsh medium provision on this course.
		The Institute of Welsh Politics is an independent and non-partisan research centre established within the Department of International Politics.
	www.aber.ac.uk /aberonline/uwa2701.html (471 words)

	Warner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		An old-fashioned Welsh grammar school headmaster, one of the last of the kind, his standards were very high.
		After sitting the School Certificate examinations she entered Howell's Boarding School in Denbigh which is in North Wales, and in 1948 her father accepted the position of headmaster at the grammar school at Holywell, which is about 12 miles north east of Denbigh close to the coast of North Wales.
		By 1976 she was 44 years old, an age at which many (if not most) mathematicians have done their best work.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Warner.html (1840 words)

	Benjamin Banneker Fact Sheet (Reference) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Benjamin Banneker was an acclaimed astronomer, mathematician, inventor, scientist, writer, and surveyor.
		had a grandfather who was originally a slave of Molly Welsh, but whom she freed and then married.
		was constantly in correspondence with other mathematicians in the United States, exchanging questions and seeking solutions.
	www.teachervision.fen.com /page/4366.html?for_printing=1 (282 words)

	Science News for Kids: Feature: It's a Math World for Animals
		From monkeys who know the difference between 2 and 3 to dogs who can calculate the fastest route, animal mathematicians are teaching scientists a few things about numbers.
		Studies of animal mathematicians might help explain how people learn to add, subtract, and multiply and indicate what types of math people can do without going to class.
		Mathematician Tim Pennings, for instance, was at the beach when he discovered that his dog Elvis could do a type of math called calculus.
	www.sciencenewsforkids.org /articles/20031008/Feature1.asp (1136 words)

	Chapter III
		But there was little formal instruction of any value at the universities in mathematics, and as a science its development proceeded throughout the century with the assistance of the enthusiasm of individuals, or small groups, and the growing technical and commercial demands on it.
		In England the Edwardian reforms were swept away soon after Mary's accession (9), the readership in mathematics at Oxford, offered to Dee in 1554 (and on his declining it the scheme seems to have been abandoned) was perhaps one of the last vestiges of these.
		Mystical applications of their science, extensions of it to the demonstration of theological dogma, continue to be made on occasion by orthodox mathematicians of the seventeenth century (200).
	www.johndee.org /calder/html/Calder3.html (6504 words)

	Banneker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Mary Banneky's mother had been an English girl, Molly Welsh who had been accused of stealing milk and condemned to death for this crime.
		Her sentence was then reduced to being sent to the British Colony in North America where she eventually became the owner of a farm and married one of her slaves.
		He was taught to read and write by his grandmother Molly Welsh who also gave him instruction in the Bible.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Banneker.html (863 words)

	A History of the Western Mystery Tradition - J.S. Kupperman
		The WMT is informed by traditions from countless cultures and countries; from the deserts of ancient Egypt to the snow capped mountains of Scotland and Norway.
		These traditions have been used by dark age magicians and Edwardian antiquarians, medieval knights and renaissance mathematicians to create and enrich their spiritual and magical lives.
		Throughout the numerous differences, variations, and obvious imitation that exists between the vast number of traditions which contribute to the WMT there is one thing that exists in all traditions.
	www.jwmt.org /v1n0/history.html (719 words)

	British Combinatorics in Ancient Times (1969-77) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The participants also included a good number of British mathematicians, many of whom (including myself) hardly knew that we were Combinatorialists.
		After the 1971 meeting, Douglas Woodall was fired with enthusiasm for having another meeting of the same kind in 1972, and he persuaded Hazel Perfect, Dominic Welsh, and myself to help him organise it.
		They were asked to fulfil their aims and functions 'with the consent and goodwill of the community of Combinatorial Mathematicians, and subject to the general consensus of opinion as expressed at Business Meetings of the Conferences'.
	www.mcs.dundee.ac.uk /~kedwards/bcc/ancient.html (1694 words)

	News Wales > Culture
		In his new book, Welsh Valleys Characters, the valleys "characters" are por...
		After six long years of war, the victory celebrations of 1945 were a mixture of relief and euphor...
		With more English speaking parents choosing a Welsh medium education for their c...
	www.newswales.co.uk /?section=Culture&F=1&id=7748 (1356 words)

	Bertrand Russell
		Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell (18 May 1872 in Ravenscroft, Trelleck, Monmouthshire, Wales - Died: 2 Feb 1970 in Penrhyndeudraeth, Merioneth, Wales) was one of the most influential mathematicians, philosophers and logicians working (mostly) in the 20th century, an important political liberal, activist and a populariser of philosophy.
		Millions looked up to Russell as a sort of prophet of the creative and rational life; at the same time, his stance on many topics was extremely controversial.
		His ashes were scattered over the Welsh mountains.
	www.welshpedia.co.uk /genauthors.php?mytown=bertrand (1096 words)

	How wide did you say it was?
		It's not true, they were speaking Welsh before you came in and will speak it again after you have gone.
		Often though the Welsh will switch to the English in a good-mannered effort to accommodate the ignorance of foreigners.
		Squaring to Mathematicians, Statisticians and other Assorted Anoraks means to multiply a number by itself.
	www.brad.ac.uk /acad/mancen/lomas/seminars/week6/qlect6.htm (2211 words)

	Aber News - Issue 63 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		This is the premier meeting held in the field of mathematics - for example, it is at this meeting that Fields Medals (the equivalent of Nobel Prizes) are awarded.
		The only mathematician from the UK selected was Professor Ian G. Macdonald FRS who is an Honorary Professor in the Mathematics Department.
		Held in the National Museum and Gallery in Cardiff on the anniversary of the Welsh devolution referendum, the conference focused on the findings of the Welsh and Scottish Referendum surveys.
	www.aber.ac.uk /~donwww/abernews/issue63/conferences.html (854 words)

	CrimeNews 2000 - crime news archive page
		Mathematicians called in by the Metropolitan Police think they have worked out the best way to beat crime in the capital: NDb -(60% x Nc/Nt +40% x Dc/Dt) x 17,585.
		Inmates escape Sao Paulo prison in helicopter--(A/P)--A helicopter swooped into the prison yard of a Sao Paulo penitentiary and flew away with two inmates Thursday, law enforcement officials said.
		Kirsty Jones Murder : UK police 'dismiss speculation' --(The Nation)--Detectives investigating the brutal murder of Welsh backpacker Kirsty Jones dismissed speculation a Thai policeman killed her, the British Press Association reported yesterday.
	www.crimenews2000.com /archives/02011721.htm (1645 words)

	Ventures Scholars Program - Links & Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The government hires mathematicians to work for the military or to do cryptology for the National Security Agency (the NSA is, in fact, the leading employer of
		So-called "think tanks" (such as the RAND Corporation) hire mathematicians to work on such problems as social welfare and environmental issues.
		His research interests lie toward graph theory and sabermetrics (which is the search for objective knowledge about baseball), though he plans on being very excited by algebra as well.
	www.venturescholar.org /articles_careers_in_math.html (319 words)

	Weird Words: Zenzizenzizenzic
		It turns up from time to time as one of those weird words which is best known for being held up as an example of a weird word.
		The Italians (who were big in algebra even earlier) used censo to translate the Arabic word mál, literally “possessions; property”, which was the usual word in that language for the square of a number.
		This came about because the Arabs, like most mathematicians of those and earlier times, thought of a squared number as a depiction of an area, especially of land, hence property.
	www.worldwidewords.org /weirdwords/ww-zen1.htm (310 words)

	Previous Semesters' Seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Abstract: I will make a brief introduction to hyperbolic conservation laws and will talk about several women mathematicians (Sofia Kovalevskaya, Olga Oleinik, Cathleen Morawetz) who made a great contribution to this field of partial differential equations.
		Abstract: Metamorphic robots are aggregates of small, interlocking units which can locomote relative to their neighbors, thus reconfiguring the collection as a whole.
		And perhaps there will be a discussion of Welsh swear words...
	www.math.uiuc.edu /~kjegdic/w.spring04.html (202 words)

	Jones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The answer is simple, he was named Jones since this is the English version of the Welsh Siôn.
		William's mother was Elizabeth Rowland who was from Llanddeusant, a village in the Brecon Beacon hills about 9 km due south of Llandovery.
		Although of little importance as a research mathematician, William Jones is well known to historians of mathematics since he corresponded with many 17
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Jones.html (1145 words)

	[No title]
		It contains up-to-date surveys of all areas of combinatorics written by leading mathematicians in these fields.
		The Handbook of Combinatorics provides the working mathematician and computer scientist with an excellent overview of basic methods and paradigms.
		The book also covers important results and discusses current trends and issues across the whole spectrum of combinatorics.
	optnet.itwm.fhg.de /opt-net/documents/v96w09n3 (499 words)

	Mathematical Institute, Oxford University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		There are two statutory chairs of Applied Mathematics: the Sedleian chair of Natural Philosophy is held by Professor J M Ball, FRS, and the Rouse Ball chair held by Professor P Candelas.
		The Mathematical Institute, as the department is known, incorporates the Oxford Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (OCIAM), as well as the Centre for Mathematical Biology.
		They may have worked in stochastic analysis, control theory, or geometry and should not be afraid of widening their experience.
	sag.maths.ox.ac.uk /Oxford/Oxford.htm (907 words)

	CONFERENCES AND TRAVEL
		Martin, Representation theory for algebraic groups and quantum groups, Aarhus, Denmark 2-9 August; International Congress of Mathematicians, Berlin, Germany 18-27 August; Meeting in honour of Geoffrey Horrocks, Newcastle, UK 10-11 September.
		Neumann, 4th International Conference on the Theory of Groups, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea 10-17 August (invited speaker); International Congress of Mathematicians, Berlin, Germany 18-26 August; Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, Germany 26-28 August; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 8-14 September.
		Welsh, University of Berne, Switzerland 17 October - 14 November; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland November.
	wwwmaths.anu.edu.au /annual-reports/1998/html/node15.html (1101 words)

	My Two Paisa's Worth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Apart from being the symbol of the Welsh people, the dragon has been the symbol of Chinese Emperors, and appears on the national flag of Bhutan.
		Here is a site that talks about the history of dragons in the west from the ancient Greeks, through medieval Christianity (St.George and the Dragon --- a myth that may have been inspired by the Greek tale of Perseus and Medusa).
		The Mathematics Genealogy Project keeps a record of the academic genealogy of mathematicians (and almost-mathematicians).
	ashvinsblog.blogspot.com (3742 words)

	OUP: Codes and Cryptography: Welsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The book has been the basis of a very popular course in Communication Theory which the author has given over several years to undergraduate mathematicians and computer scientists at Oxford.
		The first five chapters of the book cover the fundamental ideas of information theory, compact encoding of messages, and an introduction to the theory of error-correcting codes.
		Entropy=Uncertainty=Information; The noiseless coding theorem for memoryless sources; Communication through noisy channels; Error-correcting codes; General sources; The structure of natural languages; Cryptosystems; The one-time pad and linear shift-register sequences; Computational complexity; One-way functions; Public key cryptosystems; Authentication and digital signatures; Randomized encryption; Appendices; Answers to exercises; Answers and hints to problems; References; Index.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-853287-3 (450 words)

	The Prime Glossary: Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search
		In 1644 Marin Mersenne helped the search gain wide recognition by writing to many mathematicians of his conjecture about which small exponents yield primes.
		About the same time Mersenne's conjecture was settled in 1947, digital computers gave a new impetus to the search for Mersenne primes.
		Luther Welsh first proposed the name GGIMPS (George's Great Internet...); soon thereafter George removed the first G to give the project its current name.
	primes.utm.edu /glossary/page.php?sort=GIMPS (317 words)

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