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Topic: Wen Tianxiang

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	Wen Tianxiang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Wen Tianxiang (文天祥, 1236 - 1283), the last resisting Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was captured by Kublai Khan, and was brought back to Beijing under house arrest, with a company of musicians and female entertainers.
		Wen Tianxiang's own two sons were killed when they were young, so he adopted the three sons of his younger brother as his own, and advised these three to form new resistance groups against the Mongols.
		Wen Tianxiang was born in the Province of Jiangxi.
	www.purpleuniverse.com /true_associate-Wen_Tianxiang.html (389 words)

	People Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Wen Tianxiang was a native of Jiangxi, in China's southeast; he had patriotic aspiration from youth.
		Wen Tianxiang escaped dangers and eventually began to organise an army to resist the Mongols in Zhejiang and Fujian.
		In 1278 Wen Tianxiang was captured in the barren mountain range of Haifeng by Zhang Hongfan and asked to write to advise another senior resistance general to surrender.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0122767/song/wen.html (395 words)

	Memorial to Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang
		The Memorial to Prime Minister Wen (Wen-chengxiangci) was built in 1376 during the reign of the Ming Emperor Hongwu by the Associate Commissioner of the Beiping (as the city was then called) Judiciary to commemorate the Southern Song national hero Wen Tianxiang.
		Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282) was born in Luling (present-day Ji'an), Jiangxi Province.
		Wen Tianxiang's execution site was traditionally thought to have been the firewood market in the "Teaching Loyalty District" near the present-day entrance of Fuxue Alley, and thus the memorial was established here.
	www.china.org.cn /english/travel/154279.htm (668 words)

	Wen T'ien-hsiang Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Wen T'ien-hsiang was born on June 6, 1236, in Chi-an, Kiangsi.
		Wen's request was not granted, and the Sung dynasty was given a respite when, still in 1259, Kublai Khan, on the death of Möngke (Mangu) Khan, turned north to claim the Mongol throne.
		Confronted by the superior Mongol armies, Wen was unable to reverse the military situation and early in 1279 suffered a final defeat in Kwantung.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/wen-tien-hsiang (407 words)

	Wen Tianxiang at AllExperts
		Wen was born in 1236 in Luling (Ji'an), Jiangxi Province during the Song Dynasty.
		A branch of this Wen family settled in the United States in the mid-1940s and is related through marriage to the prominent Sun family of Shouxian, Anhui (Sun Jianai; Fou Foong Flour Company 福豐麵粉廠) and the Li family of Hefei, Anhui (Li Hongzhang 李鴻章).
		Wen Tianxiang's hometown in Ji'an, Jiangxi honors the famous national hero with a mausoleum.
	en.allexperts.com /e/w/we/wen_tianxiang.htm (753 words)

	AAS Abstracts: China Session 136 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), who led a losing war defending the Southern Song regime against the invading Mongols and died as a martyr after years in captivity, was primarily remembered as a national hero and loyalist.
		Wen's father, for example, strictly trained his son and was broadly learned in the classics, histories, and belles lettres, as well as in astronomy, geomancy, and medicine.
		Wen in turn was a dao xue advocate, yet his positions were complex: he honored Zhu Xi and the Cheng brothers but had little patience with their more theoretical speculations.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/china/c136.htm (629 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Wen Tianxiang is considered one of the most famous symbols of loyalty and patriotism in China.
		Wen Tianxiang adopted the three sons of his younger brother when his two sons died young.
		The location of Wen's execution is thought to be near the entrance to Fuxue Alley in the East City District of Beijing and a memorial has been established on the northern side of the entrance to South Fuxue Alley near Beixinqiao.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Wen_Tianxiang (701 words)

	Wen Tianxiang Summary
		Wen Tianxiang adopted the three sons of his younger brother, when his own two sons died young.
		There are now at least five branches of the Wen family in the provinces of Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, and Fujian, and the Hong Kong.
		Some descendants from the Chiu-Chow coastal section of the Wen family branch immigrated to Indochina, and these had their family name is pronounced Van, in line with the Vietnamese pronunciation of the Chinese character 文.
	www.bookrags.com /Wen_Tianxiang (1094 words)

	Memorial to Prime Minister Wen
		Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282) was born in Luling (present-day Ji’ an), Jiangxi Province.
		Wen Tianxiang’ s execution site was traditionally thought to have been the firewood market in the “Teaching Loyalty District”near the present-day entrance of Fuxue Alley, and thus the memorial was established here.
		Many of the patriotic poems and essays in Wen Tianxiang’ s complete works were widely known in China by the time he was incarcerated in the capital.
	www.china.org.cn /english/features/beijng/31034.htm (659 words)

	Song Dynasty - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), a native of Jiangxi, took the first place in the palace examination of 1256.
		After Wen arrived with his men in Hangzhou, he was appointed governor of Shuzhou, a city at the forefront of the resistance against Yuan.
		Wen Tianxiang was taken to the Yuan capital Beijing.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=776&st=15 (3264 words)

	Wen Tianxiang - Chinese Literature - Chinese Art
		Wen Tianxiang (Wade-Giles: Wen T'ien-hsiang) (文天祥, 1236—1283), titled Duke of Xinguo, the last resisting Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was captured by Kublai Khan, and was brought back to Beijing under house arrest, in the company of musicians and female entertainers.
		The well-known Ming dynasty painter and calligrapher Wen Zhengming belonged to the Wen family, and the mother of Mao Zedong, the President of the People's Republic of ChinaChairman of the People's Republic of China, was supposedly a descendant as well.
		A branch of this Wen family settled in the United States in the mid-1940s and is related through marriage to the prominent Sun family of Shouxian, Anhui (Sun Jianai; Fou Foong Flour Company 福豐麵粉廠; Confucius) and Li family of Hefei, Anhui (Li Hongzhang 李鴻章).
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Wen_Tianxiang (579 words)

	Stories from Ancient China: True Friendship Requires Righteousness \| Clearharmony - Falundafa in Europe
		Wen Tianxiang (1236 – 1283) is regarded as one of the most famous symbols of loyalty and patriotism in China.
		Wen Tianxiang was sent to the north and imprisoned there, and Zhang Qianzai moved to a house near the prison.
		Wen was executed, and Zhang risked his life to hide Wen's body and bury him.
	www.clearharmony.net /articles/200610/35856.html (615 words)

	Ancestral Temple for Wen Tianxiang
		It was built in memory of Wen Tianxiang, a hero in South Song Dynasty who fought bravely against the enemies of Yuan Empire.
		Based on the place where Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned, the temple has preserved the architectural style of Ming Dynasty.
		On the back of the screen, there is the full version of Wen Tianxiang's poem entitled Laud to Moral Spirit.
	www.china.org.cn /english/features/museums/139501.htm (134 words)

	Wen Tianxiang
		Wen Tianxiang a été mis en prison dans une belle maison à l'ouest de Pékin avec des musiciens et des courtisanes.
		Wen Tianxiang a refusé ce poste de premier-ministre aux ordres de l'empereur Mongol.
		Wen Tianxiang a commandé à ses trois fils adoptifs de résister contre l'armée Mongole dans le sud de la Chine.
	www.encyclopedie-1.com /w/we/wen_tianxiang.html (316 words)

	Monsoon - The Asian Journal of Brandeis
		It was in these areas that the notions of yin and yang, wen and wu, had become most striking and prominent in defining masculine roles in the society.
		In another, more grisly example of wu’s dominance over wen during the aforementioned periods, the first emperor of the Qin dynasty ordered thousands of scholars to be buried alive and their works burned, in order to strengthen his dictatorial power and weaken the influence of Confucianism and wen.
		The growing influence of wen is not to say that Chinese men in general had necessarily become “less masculine,” as perceived by westerners in the 19th century.
	people.brandeis.edu /~monsoon/articles/zhou_masculinity.htm (1794 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		Yang Guang, the second son of Wen Di, was the official commander in the Chen war and became the ruler of the conquered territory in 589.
		Wen Di became dissatisfied with Confucianism, and in 601 all schools in the empire were abolished except for one college with seventy students in the capital.
		Wen Tianxiang (1236-83) refused to give up his allegiance to the Song emperor to serve Khubilai Khan; he asked to die and was executed.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

	Shanggantang where time lingers on
		The most spectacular is a carving of four giant characters, 1.5 metres long and 1 metre wide each, written by Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282).
		Known for his literary achievements, Wen is primarily remembered as a hero and loyalist.
		Historical documents of the village said Wen sent one message with the four characters "zhong xiao lian jie" (loyalty, filial obedience, honesty, moral courage), to a member of the Zhou family named Deyuan, who was also a government official of the Southern Song regime.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-12/14/content_399955.htm (1065 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Wen Tianxiang and Zhang Shijie advised that Song court relocated to the islands in the seas, but Prime Minister Chen Yizhong decided to send imperial seal to Mongols for a surrender.
		Wen Tianxiang was made the rightside prime minister and was ordered to go to Mongols for peace.
		Wen Tianxiang was executed at the age of 47 in AD 1283.
	www.republicanchina.org /song.htm (8570 words)

	Wen Zhengming - Chinese Painting - Chinese Art
		Born in Wuxian (present-day Suzhou), he was a descendant of the Song dynasty prime minister and patriot Wen Tianxiang.
		Wen Zhengming’s family was originally from the Hengyang/Hengshan area of Hukuang (present-day Hunan), where the Wen family had established itself shortly after the year AD 1000.
		Not until the time of Wen Zhengming's great-grandfather, Wen Hui, a military officer, did the family move to the Suzhou area.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Wen_Zhengming (175 words)

	wen power generator: 2006-03-19
		Wen can be: This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
		Wen you are about to jump from a ledge, fire a batarang to...
		Wen you are about to jump from a ledge, fire a batarnag to...
	safelist-fusion.com /wen-power-generator/2006_03_19_archive.html (8761 words)

	Smiling and Holding Flat Peaches
		After his arrest, Wen Tianxang, the famous patriot, composed a poem, in which he used the images 'a storm from the north' to stand for foreign threats, and 'smiling and holding flat peaches' for his loyalty to his motherland as well as his memories about his happy life in the past.
		His belief in Daoism was seen in his earlier poems and confirmed by the fact that, in the last moment of his life, he wished he had been a Daoist.
		The Biography of Wen Tianxiang in the History of the Song dynasty mentioned it, saying that the reason Wen Tianxiang hoped to be a Daoist was that he stuck to his moral principles and, on the other hand, he cherished a deep respect for Daoism.
	www.eng.taoism.org.hk /daoism&human-civilization/daoism-literature&art/pg5-2-5-23-26.asp (309 words)

	Qin Shi Chubian 6a3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In autumn of 1280 Wang also played Hujia Shibapai for Wen (who remained in prison until he was executed in 1283).
		Wen Tianxiang, in response to a request by Wang, chose sentences from a poem by Du Fu, forming sections that fit together.
		Since the lyrics concern Wen Wang in prison, perhaps Wen Tianxiang sang those or similar lyrics as Wang Yuanliang played the melody.
	www.silkqin.com /09hist/qscb/qscb06a3.htm (3468 words)

	Origin of the surname Wen, Men, Moon, Mun
		His son was known as Zhou Wu Wang and Ji Chang was given the title of Zhou Wen Wang.
		Some of the descendents wanted to commemorate Zhou Wen Wang, and adopted Wen as their last name.
		Ming Dynasty- Wen Zhengming, Wen Boren, Wen Jia (painters)
	www.yutopian.com /names/04/4wen100.html (364 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Death of Northern Wei Wen Cheng Di, ruler of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China
		Northern Wei Xiao Wen Di succeeds Northern Wei Xian Wen Di as ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty
		Liang Jian Wen Di succeeded by Liang Yu Zhang Wang as ruler of the Chinese Liang Dynasty
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?srchstr=Wen (3469 words)

	[No title]
		Wen’s point is that since everyone has to die, one should not try to avoid or delay death by all means.
		First, “euthanasia” in the etymological sense of “good death” is agreeable with Confucian Thesis I. Sima Qian’s point in distinguishing deaths that are weightier than Mount Tai from deaths lighter than swan’s down is, precisely, to distinguish good deaths from bad or valueless deaths.
		Wen Tianxiang’s poem also points out that one should choose a preferable way of dying.
	cae.hkbu.edu.hk /assets/images/Confucian_suicide_revised.doc (11678 words)

	History News Network
		The current debate started last month when front-page media reports revealed that the Education Ministry had issued secondary school curricula instructing that Yue was no longer to be considered a national hero.
		Also stripped of hero status was Song Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang, who was captured and executed by invading Mongols.
		The ministry has now issued a statement that the remarks were not in any curriculum but were instead scholarly opinions included in supplementary reference materials for secondary-school history teachers.
	hnn.us /comments/7932.html (920 words)

	Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Luo Gang orange first ancestor Zhong Ruxian went to the capital to take a test, and coexisted guest-quarters with Wen Tianxiang in the hotel.
		Zhong Ruxian had a bag of family navel oranges, then put out and shared with Wen Tianxiang, After Wen Tianxiang ate, he acclaimed certainly, and extemporaneously composed a poem.
		Afterwards, this matter was known by the emperor, and assigned Lingnan to present such tribute.
	www.visitgz.com /english/food/tips/200510/72.htm (237 words)

	Qwika - similar:Wen_Jiabao
		Politics - Politics portal People's Republic of China This article is part of the series: Politics and government ofthe People's Republic of China Constitution President: Hu JintaoNational People's Congress Standing Committee Premier: Wen JiabaoState CouncilPeople's Liberation ArmyCentral Military Commission Law of the PRCSupreme People's CourtSupreme People's...
		Statue of Wen Tianxiang in his temple in Beijing.
		Wen Tianxiang (Wade-Giles: Wen T'ien-hsiang) (文天祥, June 6 1236 – January 9...
	www.qwika.com /rels/Wen_Jiabao (1294 words)

	HSDS Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Shaolin Pai, beginning from Kong Wen and Kong Zhi Shen Seng down have all surrendered, and are very loyal to the Imperial Court.
		You are not afraid to die, don't tell me the hundreds of Taoist disciples on this mountain aren't afraid to die?" This person spoke very angrily, he was tall and his arms were big, his appearance was extremely powerful.
		(note: Wen TianXiang, 1236-1282, is the loyal Prime Minister at the end of the Song Dynasty, he was captured by the Yuan soldiers and was killed because he refused to surrender).
	zhaomin.org /forum/index.php?act=home (4026 words)

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