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Topic: Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor

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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Rupert, King of the Germans

John I, Count of Luxemburg

Rupert of Germany

Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Hermann II of Cilli

List of German Kings and Emperors

Sigismund of Luxembourg

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

Wenceslaus I Duke of Bohemia

Frederick III

List of Czech monarchs

1380

Hussite Wars

	AllRefer.com - Wenceslaus, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Wenceslaus 1361–1419, Holy Roman emperor (uncrowned) and German king (1378–1400), king of Bohemia (1378–1419) as Wenceslaus IV, elector of Brandenburg (1373–76), son and successor of Emperor Charles IV.
		In Bohemia, Wenceslaus was early embroiled with the nobles and higher clergy, especially with the archbishop of Prague.
		Wenceslaus died shortly afterward and was succeeded by Sigismund as king of Bohemia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Wencesl.html (613 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Wenceslaus III Wenceslaus III, c.1289-1306, king of Bohemia (1305-6) and of Hungary (1301-5), son and successor of Wenceslaus II.
		Wenceslaus II Wenceslaus II, 1271-1305, king of Bohemia (1278-1305) and of Poland (1300-1305), son and successor of Ottocar II.
		Wenceslaus Wenceslaus, 1361-1419, Holy Roman emperor (uncrowned) and German king (1378-1400), king of Bohemia (1378-1419) as Wenceslaus IV, elector of Brandenburg (1373-76), son and successor of Emperor Charles IV.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=@DOCTITLE+Wenceslaus+I (260 words)

	Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The third and last German Emperor and fourth Bohemian king of the Luxembourg dynasty, Sigismund, second son of the Emperor Charles IV, was born in Nuremberg.
		In 1410, in a disputed election, Sigismund was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
		As emperor, Sigismund was instrumental in helping convene the Council of Constance (1414 - 1418), which ended the Papal schism and — of great consequence to Sigismund's future career — burned the Czech religious reformer Jan Hus at the stake for heresy in July 1415.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_of_Luxembourg (560 words)

	Wenceslaus, Emperor Biography / Biography of Wenceslaus, Emperor Biography Biography
		Wenceslaus (1361-1419) was Holy Roman emperor from 1376 to 1400 and as Wenceslaus IV was king of Bohemia from 1378 to 1419.
		Wenceslaus, son of the emperor Charles IV, succeeded his father as emperor-elect in 1376 but was deposed on the grounds of his alleged "worthlessness" by German opponents in 1400.
		As emperor, Wenceslaus was faced with the problems raised in the Church by the Great Schism and with those raised in the empire by the rivalry of political factions, which, unlike his father, he proved unable to control.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/wenceslaus-emperor (238 words)

	Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
		The fourth and last German Emperor and Bohemian king of the Luxembourg dynasty, Sigismund, second son of the Emperor Charles IV, was born in 1368 in Nuremberg.
		In 1410 he was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, though his title was not universally recognised until a year later.
		It was as king of Bohemia from 1419 in succession to his elder half-brother Wenceslaus IV that Sigismund faced the greatest challenge of his reign.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/em/Emperor_Sigismund.html (251 words)

	Wenceslaus, King of the Romans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Wenceslaus succeeded his father in both roles: Charles IV had been elected Holy Roman King and, in the expected course of things, crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope, but Wenceslaus never received the imperial title; the Bohemian title came to Wenceslaus by inheritance as Charles's son.
		As King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, until his death in 1419, he came into repeated conflict with the nobility, and sought to protect the religious reformer Jan Hus and his followers against the demands of the established Church for their suppression as heretics.
		Hus was executed in Constance in 1415, and the rest of Wenceslaus's reign in Bohemia featured precursors of the Hussite Wars that would follow his death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wenceslaus,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (152 words)

	Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		1685â“1740, Holy Roman emperor (1711â“40), king of Bohemia (1711â“40) and, as Charles III, king of Hungary (1712â“40); brother and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I.
		Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor at the Battle...portrait of Charles par excellence...pope Adrian VI.
		CHARLES VI, Holy Roman emperor 1685 1740, Holy Roman...brother and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101236744 (1909 words)

	Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sigismund (February 14/15, 1368 - December 9, 1437) was (Sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire) Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 to 1437.
		Sigismund was margrave of (The territory of an Elector (of the Holy Roman Empire) that expanded to become the kingdom of Prussia in 1701) Brandenburg from 1378, succeeding his father, until 1388 when he handed it to his cousin (Click link for more info and facts about Jobst of Moravia) Jobst of Moravia.
		In 1410, in a disputed election, Sigismund was elected emperor of the (The lands ruled by Charlemagne; a continuation of the Roman Empire in Europe) Holy Roman Empire.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Si/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.htm (545 words)

	Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg (May 14, 1318 - 1378) succeeded his father John of Luxembourg as king of the Romans in 1346, king of Bohemia in 1347 (as Charles I), and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1355 on the death of Louis IV.
		Thus, Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg was the maternal uncle of King Charles V of France, who solicited his relative's advice at Metz in 1356 during the Parisian Revolt.
		Sigismund, emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia and margrave of Brandenburg.
	www.theezine.net /c/charles-iv-holy-roman-emperor.html (460 words)

	Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Charles IV (May 14, 1316 – 29 November, 1378), of the House of Luxembourg, King of the Romans (as Charles (''Karl'') IV, 1368 – 1378), Holy Roman Emperor (Charles IV, 1355 – 1378), King of Bohemia (Charles (''Karel'') I 1346 – 1378), Count of Luxemburg (1346 – 1353), Margrave of Brandenburg (1373 – 1378).
		Image:Interview of King Charles V with the Emperor Charles IV in Paris in 1378 Fac simile of a Miniature in the Description of this Interview Manuscript of the Fifteenth Century in the Library of the Arsenal of Paris.pngrightthumbInterview of King Charles V. with the Emperor Charles IV.
		Sigismund, Holy Roman EmperorSigismund (1368–1437/), emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia and margrave of Brandenburg.
	www.infothis.com /find/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (669 words)

	Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Wenceslaus (sometimes known as "the Drunkard") of the house of Luxembourg (born February 26, 1361, died August 16 1419) succeeded his father Charles IV as Holy Roman Emperor (ruled 1378 - 1400) and as king of Bohemia (ruled 1378 - 1419).
		As King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia until his death on 16 August 1419, he came into repeated conflict with the nobility and sought to protect the religious reformer Jan Hus and his followers against the demands of the established Church for their suppression as heretics.
		After Hus's execution in Constance (1415), Wenceslaus's reign ended with the first stirrings of the Hussite Wars which would follow his death.
	www.theezine.net /w/wenceslaus-holy-roman-emperor.html (129 words)

	Rudolph I of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather the emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and to his son Conrad IV was richly rewarded by grants of land, but in 1254 was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV.
		In November 1274 it was decided by the diet at Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that Ottokar of Bohemia must answer to the diet for not recognizing the new king.
		Ottokar was then invested with Bohemia by Rudolph, and his son Wenceslaus was betrothed to a daughter of the German king, who made a triumphal entry into Vienna.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/rudolph_i_of_germany (967 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IV, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles IV 1316–78, Holy Roman emperor (1355–78), German king (1347–78), and king of Bohemia (1346–78).
		Louis's death (1347), the popular desire for peace, which was fostered by the ravages of the Black Death (bubonic plague), and the absence of a strong leader to unite the opposition enabled Charles to make good his claim to the crown by 1349.
		As Holy Roman emperor, his reputation rests mainly on the Golden Bull, which, although it confirmed the weakness of the imperial power, provided a stable constitutional foundation for its exercise.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles4HRE.html (594 words)

	jan hus
		King Wenceslaus, who was on the point of assuming the reins of government, but whose plans were in no way furthered by Gregory XII, renounced the latter and ordered his prelates to observe a strict neutrality toward both popes, and he expected the same of the university.
		Incensed by this attitude, Wenceslaus, at the instigation of Hus and other Czech leaders, issued a decree according to which there should be conceded to the Bohemian nation three votes in all affairs of the university, while the foreign nations, principally the German, should have only one vote.
		The Emperor Sigismund, brother of Wenceslaus, and heir to the Bohemian crown, was anxious to clear the country from the blemish of heresy.
	www.fact-library.com /jan_hus.html (3602 words)

	Sketches From Christian History -- Pastor Wade Burleson, Emmanuel Baptist Church
		In 1408 the archbishop and the university opposed the king's scheme to have Bohemia observe neutrality between the rival popes Gregory XII and Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna).
		Wenceslaus stood by Huss and in 1411 brought about a truce, but the fight flared up again in 1412, when huss openly denounced the bulls of the antipope John XXIII against King Lancelot of Naples and preached against indulgences.
		At the invitation of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, who granted him a safe-conduct, Huss presented himself in 1414 at the Council of Constance to justify his views.
	www.emmanuelenid.org /sermons/History/History9.htm (1298 words)

	Almanach Page One
		CHARLES VIII I.R. The Holy Roman Empire was formally founded in the year 800 by Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Lombards, who revived the Imperial August Title of Roman Emperor in the West.
		During the reign of the Emperor Maximilian I (1493—1519) the conflict between the dynastic policy of the Hapsburg Emperors and the interests of the German empire (then known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation) became pronounced.
		In 1804, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II took the title Francis I, emperor of Austria, and after the establishment (1806) of the Confederation of the Rhine under Napoleon I, Francis renounced his Imperial Title as Holy Roman Emperor.
	www.almanachdeholyromanempire.com (4276 words)

	Vehmgericht on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The inability of the Holy Roman emperors to exercise effective central control over their lands and the extensive feudal warfare of the period brought increasing disorder.
		In the legal fragmentation of medieval Germany they represented the remnants of royal, as opposed to territorial, jurisdiction; they were supported by the Holy Roman emperor until the 16th cent.
		Operating where ordinary seignorial or territorial justice failed, they were strongest in Westphalia; in 1382, Holy Roman Emperor Wenceslaus granted them jurisdiction elsewhere in Germany, and they subsequently appeared in Frankfurt (1386), Cologne (1387), and Lübeck (1399).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/V/Vehmgeri.asp (321 words)

	Sigismund -> German King and Holy Roman Emperor on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After the death of the German king and uncrowned Holy Roman Emperor Rupert in 1410, both Sigismund and his cousin, Jobst of Moravia, claimed victory in the imperial elections.
		Since Sigismund's half brother Wenceslaus, who had been deposed from the German throne in 1400, had never waived his title, there were, for a time, three rulers of Germany.
		The death of Jobst (1411) and the withdrawal of Wenceslaus left Sigismund sole king and Holy Roman emperor-elect.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/sigismun_germankingandholyromanemperor.asp (515 words)

	Rupert of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rupert of the house of Wittelsbach (1352 - 1410) succeeded his father Rupert II as Rupert III, Count Palatine of the Rhine (see Palatinate) and one of the foremost rulers in western Germany in 1398.
		In August 1400, he was designated king of the Romans (the title which normally preceded accession to the Imperial throne upon its vacation) by the princely electors of the Holy Roman Empire following the deposition of King Wenceslaus.
		His universal recognition as Emperor was prevented, however, by Wenceslaus's refusal to renounce his title until after Rupert's death in 1410.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rupert_of_Germany (136 words)

	441ImperialPrimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rather, each new Emperor was chosen by election at the death of his predecessor; the right to participate in the election of an Emperor was a high privilege reserved for a few great princes of the realm, the Electors, whose identity had been fixed under imperial law in 1356.
		Opposite the Emperor stood the imperial estates, a shorthand term that historians use to describe a diverse assortment of secular rulers, ecclesiastical princes, imperial knights and free imperial cities, all of whom had no other feudal overlord than the Emperor himself.
		Their relationship with the Emperor was not always conflictual; on the contrary, supreme power in the Empire was said to reside with both "Empire and Estates" (Kaiser und Reich), a complementary duality of power symbolized by the double-headed eagle, the emblem for the Empire since Emperor Sigismund first employed it in 1433.
	www.uoregon.edu /~dluebke/Reformations441/441ImperialPrimer.htm (2937 words)

	Encyclopedia: Abbey of Kladrau
		Its vast and handsome Late Baroque Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (Giovanni Battista Santini, architect) attests to the secular power and wealth of the abbey, which was dissolved under the Napoleonic regime.
		The abbot's princely revenue and territories made his naming a matter of considerable concern to the Holy Roman Emperor, whose prerogative it was.
		On March 20, 1393, the offending bishop was thrown into the river Vltava from Charles Bridge in Prague at the behest of Wenceslaus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abbey-of-Kladrau (181 words)

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