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	Wenceslaus, King of the Romans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wenceslaus succeeded his father in both roles: Charles IV had been elected Holy Roman King and, in the expected course of things, crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope, but Wenceslaus never received the imperial title; the Bohemian title came to Wenceslaus by inheritance as Charles's son.
		As King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, until his death in 1419, he came into repeated conflict with the nobility, and sought to protect the religious reformer Jan Hus and his followers against the demands of the established Church for their suppression as heretics.
		Hus was executed in Constance in 1415, and the rest of Wenceslaus's reign in Bohemia featured precursors of the Hussite Wars that would follow his death.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Wenceslaus,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (173 words)

	Late Middle Ages, Knox - Tiimeline Iberia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Henry of Luxemburg is elected King of the Romans (-1313)
		Frederick of Austria is elected King of the Romans (-1325)
		Lewis crowned King of the Lombards in Milan
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/Germany/timelinegermany.htm (1127 words)

	Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Charles IV (May 14, 1316 – 29 November, 1378), of the House of Luxembourg, King of the Romans (as Charles (Karl) IV, 1368 – 1378), Holy Roman Emperor (Charles IV, 1355 – 1378), King of Bohemia (Charles (Karel) I 1346 – 1378), Count of Luxemburg (1346 – 1353), Margrave of Brandenburg (1373 – 1378).
		He was elected as a rival King of the Romans to Emperor Louis IV, succeeded his father John of Luxemburg as King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg in 1346 as his mother was Elizabeth (Eliška), heiress of Bohemia, daughter of King Wenceslaus II and sister of King Wenceslaus III of the Přemyslid dynasty.
		Sigismund (1368–1437), emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia and margrave of Brandenburg.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (811 words)

	List of German monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The relationship between the title of "king" and "emperor" in the area that is today called Germany is just as complicated as the history and the structure of the Holy Roman Empire itself.
		The Holy Roman Empire (although only titled as such much later) started out as the eastern section of the Frankish kingdom, which was split by the Treaty of Verdun in 843 (while the western section eventually became France).
		Wenceslaus of Bohemia (House of Luxemburg), king 1378-1400
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_German_Kings_and_Emperors (890 words)

	WENCESLAUS - LoveToKnow Article on WENCESLAUS
		(1361I 419), German king, and, as Wenceslaus IV., king of Bohemia, was the son.
		1386) daughter of Albert I., duke of Bavaria, and was elected king of the Romans or German king at Frankfort on the 10th of June 1376, and crowned at Aix-la-Clsapelle on.
		His reign was a period of confusion both in church and state, and although he appears to have begun to rule with excellent intentions, he was totally unfit to cope with the forces of disorder.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WE/WENCESLAUS.htm (437 words)

	AILLY - LoveToKnow Article on AILLY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After his return to Paris, where from 1384 onwards he filled the position of master of the college of Navarre, and took part in a violent campaign against the chancellor of Notre-Dame, he was twice entrusted with a mission to Clement VII.
		His obsequious language on this occasion, and the favors with which it was rewarded, formed a too violent contrast to the determined attitude of the university of Paris, which, tired of the schism, was even then demanding the resignation of the two pontiffs.
		Pierre d'Ailly himself had not long before taken part in the drawing up of a letter to the king in which the advantages of this double abdication were set forth, but since then his zeal had seemed to cool a little.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AI/AILLY.htm (1087 words)

	Bohemia Encyclopedia Article, Description, History and Biography @ Lokalkolorit.de
		Roman authors provide the first clear reference to this area as Boiohaemum, which is Germanic for "the home of the Boii", who were a Celtic people.
		The title of King was granted to the Premyslid dukes Vratislav II (1085) and Vladislav II (1158), and became hereditary (1198) under Ottokar I, whose grandson Ottokar II (king 1253-1278) founded a short-lived empire also covering modern Austria.
		In 1618, opposition to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor as King of Bohemia led to the Thirty Years' War and the selection of an alternative Protestant king, Frederick V, Elector Palatine.The Protestant nobility were largely expelled after their defeat in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.
	www.lokalkolorit.de /encyclopedia/Bohemia (1396 words)

	Hussite Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the influence of his brother Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia endeavoured to stem the Hussite movement.
		The Roman See reluctantly consented to the presence of heretics at this council, but indignantly rejected the suggestion of the Hussites that members of the Greek Church, and representatives of all Christian creeds, should also be present.
		On 5 July 1436 the compacts were formally accepted and signed at Jihlava, in Moravia, by King Sigismund, by the Hussite delegates, and by the representatives of the Roman Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hussite_Wars (3068 words)

	[No title]
		King Wenceslaus, prompted by his grudge against Sigismund, at first gave free vent to his indignation at the course of events in Constance; and his wife openly favored the friends of Hus.
		The entire Hussite nobility joined the league, and if the king had entered it, its resolutions would have received the sanction of the law; but he refused, and approached the Roman Catholic League of lords, which was now formed, the members pledging themselves to cling to the king, the Roman Church, and the Council.
		The First Anti-Hussite Crusade Sigismund, king of the Romans, had, by the death of his brother Wenceslaus without issue, acquired a claim on the Bohemian crown; though it was then, and remained till much later, doubtful whether Bohemia was an hereditary or an elective monarchy.
	www.hotelpraguecity.com /fotky/hus.txt (3578 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Egypt -> History The Ancient Empire of the Nile The valley of the long river between the deserts, with the annual floods, deposits of life-giving silt, and year-long growing season, was the seat of one of the earliest civilizations built by humankind.
		Sigismund -> German King and Holy Roman Emperor After the death of the German king and uncrowned Holy Roman Emperor Rupert in 1410, both Sigismund and his cousin, Jobst of Moravia, claimed victory in the imperial elections.
		Ferdinand I Ferdinand I, 1503-64, Holy Roman emperor (1558-64), king of Bohemia (1526-64) and of Hungary (1526-64), younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Brought up in Spain, he was expected to succeed his grandfather, Ferdinand II of Aragón, who, instead, made Charles his heir.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=King+of+the+Romans&rc=10&fh=31&fr=11 (579 words)

	NEPOS, CORNELIUS - LoveToKnow Article on NEPOS, CORNELIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wenceslaus, wishing to found a new bishopric in south-western Bohemia, determined to seize the revenues of the abbey of Kladrub as soon as the aged abbot Racek should die.
		It is difficult to connect this historical event with the legend of St John of Nepomuk, who was canonized by the church of Rome in 1729, mainly by the influence of the Jesuits, who hoped that this new cult would obliterate the memory of Hus.
		The Austrian chronicler Thomas Ebendorffer of Hasel-bach, who lived two generations later, first states that it was reported that King Wenceslaus had ordered that the confessor of his queenan office that John of Pomuk never heldshould be thrown into the Vltava because he would not reveal the secret of confession.
	49.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NEPOS_CORNELIUS.htm (855 words)

	Holy Roman Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Holy Roman Empire was a successor state to the empire founded in 800 by Charlemagne (see also Carolingians), who revived the title of Roman emperor in the West.
		After 1045 a king who was not yet crowned emperor was known as king of the Romans, a title that asserted his right to the imperial throne and implied that he was emperor-designate.
		In 1804, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II took the title Francis I, emperor of Austria, and after the establishment (1806) of the Confederation of the Rhine under Napoleon I, Francis renounced his title as Holy Roman Emperor.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ho/HolyRoma.html (1820 words)

	August 4th
		By the favour of the young king, Henry III, he was united to the monarch's widowed sister Eleanor, notwithstanding a difficulty arising from a vow of the lady's never to wed a second husband.
		The king, meanwhile, was behaving basely and treacherously, and he had taken steps to induce the pope not only to absolve him from all oaths he had taken, or might take, but to interfere in his favour in a more direct manner.
		To settle this point, a mixed commission was appointed by the king, and this court sat five months deliberating on the many subtleties connected with the question, at length pronouncing that the archbishop required both a royal pardon, and a re-instatement in his metropolitan authority.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/aug/4.htm (5807 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sigismund
		King of Germany and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, b.
		During the reign of his elder brother, King Wenceslaus, Sigismund was able, upon the death of the King of Hungary, to maintain his claims to Hungary though only after a hard struggle, and on 31 March, 1387, he was crowned King of Hungary.
		When, therefore, King Wenceslaus was deposed as emperor in 1400 at Oberlahnstein by the electors, and Rupert was elected emperor in his stead, Wenceslaus appointed his brother imperial vicar for Germany and governor and administrator of Bohemia.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13784b.htm (1151 words)

	Wenceslaus - Freepedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wenceslaus III, King of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland (1289–1306)
		Wenceslaus IV Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, King of the Romans (1361–1419)
		Wenceslaus III the Posthumous, Duke of Cieszyn (1524–1579)
	en.freepedia.org /Wenceslas_I_of_Bohemia.html (148 words)

	Hussite Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The knights and nobles of Bohemia and Moravia, who were in favour of church reform, sent to the council at Constance (2 September 1415) a protest, known as the protestatio Bohemorum,which condemned the execution of Hus in the strongest language.
		The Roman See reluctantly consented tothe presence of heretics at this council, but indignantly rejected the suggestion of the Hussites that members of the Greek Church, and representatives of all Christian creeds,should also be present.
		On 5 July 1436 the compacts were formallyaccepted and signed at Jihlava, in Moravia, by King Sigismund, by the Hussitedelegates, and by the representatives of the Roman Church.
	www.therfcc.org /hussite-wars-51915.html (2244 words)

	Pope Boniface IX
		Boniface saw to it that Ladislas was crowned King of Naples (at Gaeta May 29, 1390) and worked with him for the next decade to expel the Angevin forces from southern Italy.
		Over the next few years Boniface was entreated to abdicate, even by his strongest supporters: Richard II of England (1396), the Diet of Frankfort (1397), and King Wenceslaus of Germany (at Reims, 1398).
		In England the anti-papal preaching of John Wyclif supported the opposition of the king and the higher clergy to Boniface's habit of granting English benefices as they fell vacant to favorites in the Roman Curia.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_boniface_ix (1062 words)

	Volume 2 - ACTS AND MONUMENTS OF THE CHRISTIAN MARTYRS, PART III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Then the lord Cobham told the king, that he had appealed from the archbishop to the pope, and therefore he ought in no case o be his judge.
		At this the king was snore displeased than before, and angrily said, that he should not pursue his appeal; but should rather remain in hold until it were allowed of by the pope.
		The king, seeing the inclination of the people, (under pretence to reform the church,) began to lay greater ex actions on such priests as were known to be wicked livers.
	wesley.nnu.edu /john_wesley/christian_library/vol2/vol2Part3.htm (13523 words)

	Pope Boniface IX
		Pope Boniface IX Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d.
		Richard II of England (1396), the Diet of Frankfort (1397), and King Wenceslaus of Germany (Reims, 1398).
		In Germany the electors had deposed at Rhense (20 August, 1400) the unworthy Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, and had chosen in his place Rupert, Duke of Bavaria and Rhenish Count Palatine.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/boniface_ix,pope.html (1160 words)

	History of Hungary
		The chronicle of the "anonymous notary of King Béla" (Anonymus Bel regis notarius) has preserved the history of the first occupation of the country, but modern historical investigation shows that little credence can be given the narrative.
		This instrument confirmed the rights of the nobles and gave them the privilege to take up arms against the king when he failed to observe the conditions here agreed upon, but it did not fulfil the hopes it had raised; its provisions were not carried out, and the disorders continued.
		The new king regulated the internal administration, brought the state finances into good order, imposing for this purpose in 1323 a land tax, reorganized the army, and sought to increase his dynastic power by forming connexions with foreign countries.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/hungary.html (3166 words)

	The Almanach de Holy Roman Empire , The History and Structure of The Holy Roman Empire of The German Nation .
		The German King, elected by the German Princes, automatically sought Imperial Coronation by the Pope, the Churchmen who crowned the Emperors, and thus actually sustained the Empire, considered it to be the Church's Secular arm, sharing responsibility for the welfare and spread of the Christian faith and duty-bound to protect the Papacy.
		In 1804, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II took the title Francis I, emperor of Austria, and after the establishment (1806) of the Confederation of the Rhine under Napoleon I, Francis renounced his Imperial Title as Holy Roman Emperor.
		To give a person a new dominical title a king elevated one of the person's possessions to a duchy, a county, etc. Before the 15th century a number of the elevations was limited, and the elevated territories were of substantial value.
	www.almanachdeholyromanempire.com (4312 words)

	Genealogy - The Rulers of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He was Holy Roman Emperor from 936 to 973, crowned 962; King of Germany 936-973; and Duke of Saxony 936-973.
		Frederick II, son of Henry VI and of Matilda, daughter of King Henry II of England, and grandson of Frederick Barbarossa, was born 1194 and died 1250.
		He was King of Hungary 1572-1612, King of Bohemia and King of the Romans 1575-1612 and succeeded his father as Emperor 1576-1612.
	www.provenlines.com /hist8.html (1938 words)

	Robertson - A view... - Proofs and Illustrarions XL-XLIV
		As I have endeavoured in the history to trace the various steps in the progress of the constitution of the empire, and to explain the peculiarities in its policy very fully, it is not necessary to add much by way of illustration.
		Charles IV, and his son Wenceslaus dissipated all that remained of the Italian branch of the domain.
		He, in the year 1376, in order to prevail with the electors to choose his son Wenceslaus king of the Romans, promised each of them a hundred thousand crowns.
	www.eliohs.unifi.it /testi/700/robertson/proofs40-44.htm (4594 words)

	Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Charles IV (May 14, 1316 – 29 November, 1378), of the House of Luxembourg, King of the Romans (as Charles (Karl) IV, 1344 – 1378), Holy Roman Emperor (Charles IV, 1355 – 1378), King of Bohemia (Charles (Karel) I 1346 – 1378), Count of Luxemburg (1346 – 1353), Margrave of Brandenburg (1373 – 1378).
		From 1333 Charles started to administer his father's Crown lands due to the King's often absence and in 1334 he became Margrave of Moravia.
		Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 1316 births, 1378 deaths, Holy Roman emperors, Bohemian monarchs and People from Luxembourg.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Emperor_Charles_IV (821 words)

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