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	Clinical Cases and Images - Blog: "Diagnosis Wenckebach" YouTube Style
		Wenckebach is a cardiac arrhythmia -- type 1 second degree AV block, also known as Mobitz I, as they clearly explain in the clip.
		Type I second degree AV block, or Wenckebach, requires prolongation of the PR interval prior to the blocked impulse with subsequent shortening of the PR interval with the next conducted impulse.
		Wenckebach wrote in the Lancet: "I owe my reputation to the fact that I use digitalis in doses the text books say are dangerous and in cases that the text book say are unsuitable." Source: WhoNamedIt.com.
	casesblog.blogspot.com /2007/12/diagnosis-wenckebach-youtube-style.html (465 words)

	Semiconductor Physics Group, list of Publications (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wenckebach, V.N. Shastin, Amplification of far-infrared radiation on light-hole cyclotron resonance in silicon in crossed electric and magnetic fields, Conference Proceedings 21th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Berlin, July 14-19, 1996.
		Wenckebach, Far-infrared time-resolved measurement of the TO-phonon free- induction decay in GaAs.
		Wenckebach, W.Th., P.C.M. Planken, Son, P.C. van, Hovenier, J.N., Klaassen, T.O., Wenckebach, W.Th., Barmby, P.W., Dunn, J.L., Bates, C.A., Foxon, C.T., Langerak, C.J.G.M., Measurement of the resonant polaron effect in the Reststrahlen band of GaAs:Si using Far-infrared two-photon excitation.
	www.tn.tudelft.nl /ti/group/publis.html (4030 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5282465 - Pacemaker with Wenckebach operation - February 1, 1994
		When an atrial sense occurs in the Wenckebach range, the AV delay is extended up to a predetermined maximum extension to enable delivery of a ventricular pulse at the ventricular upper rate limit (dynamic tracking limit).
		In this cycle, a Wenckebach sense is indicated, which initiates an AV time out plus AV extension (AVint'), resulting in a VP at a time corresponding to the upper limit of the ventricular physiological rate range.
		Most atrial beats in the Wenckebach range are well synchronized, for the case where AV.sub.ext is less than or equal to A.sub.max, and the sudden drop of the ventricular pulse rate due to block is avoided.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5282465.html (12354 words)

	Luigi Luciani and the Earliest Graphic Demonstration of Wenckebach Periodicity -- Upshaw and Silverman 101 (22): 2662 ...
		Note Wenckebach AV sequence of first 8 atrial and ventricular pulse waves on laddergram; in addition, eighth atrial pulse wave "jumps over the top" of seventh ventricular pulse wave, indicating that AV pulse wave interval is longer than ventricular pulse wave interval.
		Next 20 atrial pulses were not conducted; after long pause, Wenckebach AV sequence began again.
		Kupfer JM, Kligfield P. A generalized description of Wenckebach behavior with analysis of determinants of ventricular cycle-length variation during ambulatory electrocardiography.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/101/22/2662 (3279 words)

	eMedicine - Atrioventricular Block, Second Degree : Article by M Silvana Horenstein
		Mobitz I (Wenckebach) block is often most easily diagnosed by comparing the PR interval after the blocked beat with the PR interval preceding the blocked beat.
		When Mobitz I (Wenckebach) block is assessed by means of invasive electrophysiologic study, it is most commonly found to be high in the specialized AV conduction system, usually above the bundle of His in the compact AV node area.
		Mobitz I (Wenckebach) AV block during recovery from dengue hemorrhagic fever has been reported and may be a transient functional impairment of the AV node in which an altered autonomic tone may play a role (Khongphatthallayothin, 2000).
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1468.htm (4568 words)

	Single Cell Exp. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		is blocked with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), periodic Wenckebach rhythms are replaced by aperiodic Wenckebach rhythms, in which the beat-to-beat changes in the slope of phase 1 and in APD disappear but the beat-to-beat increase in latency remains.
		Action-potential clamp experiments, using Wenckebach rhythms previously recorded in the same cell as the imposed waveform, reveal a beat-to-beat decrease in I
		in the generation of maintained periodic Wenckebach rhythms in isolated rabbit ventricular cells.
	www.medicine.mcgill.ca /physio/guevaralab/Wenckebach.htm (175 words)

	Madrid Arrythmia and Myocardium - Content (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In a paper that was rejected by Lewis to be published in Heart, Mackenzie postulated that digitalis reduced the ventricular response in atrial fibrillation by enhancing the vagal tone.
		Karel Frederik Wenckebach (1864-1940) was born in The Hague, Holland; he studied medicine in Utrecht where he worked at Engelman's laboratory.
		Sir James Mackenzie, his polygraph and Karel Wenckebach, as well as the reply letter of Mackenzie to Thomas Lewis after the latter had rejected for publication in Heart, a paper of Mackenzie on digitalis and atrial fibrillation.
	www.mamweb.org /modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=33000 (315 words)

	Wenckebach Stichting
		Dit is de website van de Wenckebach Stichting in Nederland en is momenteel in ontwikkeling.
		Als u niet op zoek was naar de Wenckebach Stichting dan wellicht wel naar een van onderstaande websites.
		This is the website of the Wenckebach Foundation in the Netherlands and is presently under construction.
	www.wenckebach.nl (68 words)

	Ion channel Literature - Transient outward current contributes to Wenckebach-like rhythms in isolated rabbit ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These systematic APD changes are associated with a beat-to-beat decrease in the slope of the early repolarizing phase (phase 1) of the action potential, which is partially controlled by the transient outward potassium current (Ito).
		When Ito is blocked with 4-aminopyridine, periodic Wenckebach rhythms are replaced by aperiodic Wenckebach rhythms, in which the beat-to-beat changes in the slope of phase 1 and in APD disappear but the beat-to-beat increase in latency remains.
		A beat-to-beat decrease in Ito, paralleling the beat-to-beat changes in the slope of phase 1 and in APD, is seen in action-potential clamp experiments with Wenckebach rhythms previously recorded in the same cell.
	www.ionchannels.org /showabstract.php?pmid=9249468 (358 words)

	Mechanism of Wenckebach periods: hypothesis based on computer modeling experiments -- Malik and Camm 257 (4): 1263 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mechanism of Wenckebach periods: hypothesis based on computer modeling experiments -- Malik and Camm 257 (4): 1263 -- AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
		Mechanism of Wenckebach periods: hypothesis based on computer modeling experiments
		Wenckebach periodicity is characterized by progressive lengthening of
	intl-ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/257/4/H1263 (220 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: January 1996 ECG Quiz Answer
		In 1906, the noted Dutch physician Karel Frederik Wenckebach first reported periodic prolongation of the PR interval with dropped ventricular beats (1).
		Wenckebach had previously discovered that extrasystoles were seen in healthy individuals as well as in those with cardiac disease.
		Wenckebach AV block (also referred to as Mobitz type I AV block) can be normal in a highly-trained athletic person such as this patient.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1996/01_96/cantwel2.htm (290 words)

	Wenckebach phenomenon occurring in the distal conducting system in a young adult -- Gray et al. 38 (2): 204 -- Heart
		Wenckebach phenomenon occurring in the distal conducting system in a young adult -- Gray et al.
		Wenckebach phenomenon occurring in the distal conducting system in a young adult
		Wenckebach phenomenon as a manifestation of the distal conducting system
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/38/2/204 (135 words)

	APStracts 4:0084H, 1997. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When Ito is blocked with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), periodic Wenckebach rhythms are replaced by aperiodic Wenckebach rhythms, in which the beat-to-beat changes in the slope of phase 1 and in APD disappear but the beat-to-beat increase in latency remains.
		Action-potential clamp experiments, using Wenckebach rhythms previously recorded in the same cell as the imposed waveform, reveal a beat-to-beat decrease in Ito, paralleling the beat-to-beat changes in the slope of phase 1 and in APD.
		These results demonstrate a key role for Ito in the generation of maintained periodic Wenckebach rhythms in isolated rabbit ventricular cells.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1997/heart/March/84h.html (234 words)

	Penn MCRC > Mouse EPS Protocol
		Then increase by 5 ms to see if there is either 1:1 conduction or there is still Wenckebach.
		Continue delivering atrial burst pacing and decrement by 10 ms down to 2:1 conduction and then increase by 5 ms to see if there is still 2:1 conduction or Wenckebach.
		If the AV nodal Wenckebach cycle length is < 120 ms there repeat the protocol with a drive cycle of 120 ms with an S2 coupled at 115 ms.
	www.med.upenn.edu /mcrc/patel_lab/MouseEPSProtocol.shtml (738 words)

	Medtronic Rhythms of Life Newsletter
		Matthew's pulse decreased to a slow rate-even down to 10 beats per minute (bpm) during the night.
		He was diagnosed with second-degree heart block, specifically, Wenckebach.
		Wenckebach is a condition in which some of the electrical impulses from the top of the heart (atria) do not reach the lower part of the heart (ventricles).
	www.medtronic.com /rhythms/forum_s_sports.html (422 words)

	Modeling Wenckebach Rhythms and the Influence of the Baroreceptor-Cardiac Reflex —
		Modeling Wenckebach Rhythms and the Influence of the Baroreceptor-Cardiac Reflex —
		Modeling Wenckebach Rhythms and the Influence of the Baroreceptor-Cardiac Reflex
		We embed a one-dimensional map describing the atrioventricular conduction delay (originally proposed by M. Guevara) into a complex mathematical model of the baroreceptor-cardiac control loop.
	itb.biologie.hu-berlin.de /Research/publications/seidel1998a (165 words)

	Second-Degree Heart Block
		Type I, also called the Wenckebach phenomenon and Mobitz type I, is characterized by progressive prolongation of the PR interval until a P wave is blocked and the cycle is repeated.
		The Wenckebach phenomenon most frequently occurs in the AV node; however, it is also common in the bundle branches and the bundle of His.
		Electrocardiographically, AV nodal and intra-His blocks are associated with a narrow QRS complex of conducted beats, and infra-Hisian block is generally seen with a bundle branch block pattern or conducted beats.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=36 (656 words)

	IngentaConnect Unusual Wenckebach phenomenon due to an atrial tachycardia arisin...
		Unusual Wenckebach phenomenon due to an atrial tachycardia arising from the apex of Koch's triangle in the presence of dual AV nodal physiology
		The electrophysiologic study revealed an atrial tachycardia in the presence of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal physiology and AV block at suprahisian level, the latter two leading to an unusual Wenckebach periodicity.
		The entire septal area was mapped as was the coronary sinus (CS) os and the earliest atrial activation was found at the apex of Koch's triangle in close vicinity to the His bundle (HB).
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/klu/jice/2006/00000015/00000003/00009000 (238 words)

	Diagnosis Wenckebach
		Apparently in medical terminology, at least for a 4th-year medical student, “Wenckebach” is only heard when referring to intermittent AV-nodal block (as deftly illustrated in the video).
		On the other hand, experimental electrophysiologists frequently refer to any situation in which one area is activating more rapidly than an adjacent area because of differences in refractory period “Wenckebach rhythm”, or if they’re more precise, “Wenckebach-like rhythm”.
		This is typically referred to as “2:1 capture” or “Wenckebach-like rhythm”, even though the actual phenomenon has very little to do with a true Wenckebach rhythm, in which the atria are activated more rapidly than the ventricles, with block occurring intermittently at the AV-node.
	virtuallyshocking.com /2007/06/18/diagnosis-wenckebach (261 words)

	heart block (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was concluded that this kind of heart block (Wenckebach) is not benign in my age group.
		In fact, during the course of the study only 57.1% of unpaced patients survived 5 years, whereas 94.4% of paced patients survived 5 years.
		Wenckebach is not considered a dangerous arrhythmia -- infact asymptomatic Wenkebach would not even need a pacemaker.
	www.medhelp.org /Forums/cardio/messages/35808.html (1649 words)

	phorum - Public Forum - wenckebach phenomenon
		I am looking for any information on the cardiac arrhythmia know as wenckebach phenomenon.
		This cycle is then repeated (and known as a Wenckebach phenomenon).
		There may be alternate conducted and nonconducted atrial beats, giving twice as many P waves as QRS complexes.
	www.medical-library.net /phorum/read.php?f=2&i=1281&t=1281 (300 words)

	AK, a 50 years old male presented with a history of recurrent chest pains... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If one looks carefully there is gradual prolongation of R-R interval with drop of QRS complex after 4th P wave and the maximum increment is in the second conducted beat - which confirms that it is typical ECG illustration of Wenckebach block with 4:3 Wenckebach periods.
		LAH+LIH+Wenckebach block indicate that it is a case of trifascicular disease with block in two fascicles of left bundle branch and conduction through the third fascicle, ie, right bundle branch is also impaired.
		It showed that the Wenckebach block has been replaced by 2:1 AV block with P-R interval of the conducted beats being constant.
	www.indegene.com /Gen/FeatArt/indGenFeatArt9.html (465 words)

	Mobitz' block type I and II (www.whonamedit.com)
		Type I is characterized by a progressive lengthening of the P-R intervals — identical to Wenckebach period/phenomenon.
		The very rare Mobitz type II is characterized by intermittent failure to conduct a P wave through the atrioventricular node to the ventricle, with constant PR interval.
		The form of second degree atrioventricular block now known as Mobitz type II AV block was first discovered by the English physician John Hay (born 1873) in 1905 and by Karel Frederik Wenckebach (1864-1940) in 1906, independently.
	www.whonamedit.com /synd.cfm/2824.html (227 words)

	Dual chamber pacemaker with AV extension and PMT control - US Patent 5247929
		Another means of generating synchronous ventricular pulses in response to high rate atrial signals, whether or not premature atrial contractions, is to extend the post-ventricular atrial refractory (PVARP).
		17b is a timing diagram illustrating stable Wenckebach behavior in the VDD or DDD mode of operation of the pacing system of this invention.
		The second sequence of A and V channels is shown to commence with the Wenckebach sense and resulting ventricular stimulus that terminated the first cycle before scheduled time out of DPL
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5247929/description.html (10787 words)

	Karel Frederik Wenckebach (www.whonamedit.com)
		Lacking eversion of the lower part of the left curvature during inspiration, seen in concretio pericardii with pronounced adherences to the mediastinum.
		Karel Frederik Wenckebach attended the University of Utrecht and received his doctorate in 1888.
		He spent his assistant period at the institutes of zoology, and for pathological and normal anatomy in Utrecht.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2246.html (392 words)

	The Wenckebach Phenomenon: A Salute and Comment on the Centennial of Its Original Description -- Upshaw and Silverman ...
		The Wenckebach Phenomenon: A Salute and Comment on the Centennial of Its Original Description -- Upshaw and Silverman 130 (1): 58 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		The Wenckebach Phenomenon: A Salute and Comment on the Centennial of Its Original Description
		In 1899, Karel F. Wenckebach unraveled the complicated arrhythmia
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/abstract/130/1/58 (443 words)

	Amazon.com: Essentials of Semiconductor Physics: Books: W. Tom Wenckebach (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This item is not eligible for Amazon Prime, but over a million other items are.
		Tom Wenckebach "Semiconductors owe their dominant role in electronics to the special character of their electronic structure..." (more)
		Provides a modern introduction to semiconductor physics, presenting the basic information necessary to understand semiconductors, along with some of the latest theories and developments.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471965405?v=glance&st=* (760 words)

	Concealed (proximal) Wenckebach phenomenon with distal 2:1 exit block in the ectopic-ventricular junction -- Kinoshita ...
		Concealed (proximal) Wenckebach phenomenon with distal 2:1 exit block in the ectopic-ventricular junction -- Kinoshita et al.
		Concealed (proximal) Wenckebach phenomenon with distal 2:1 exit block in the ectopic-ventricular junction
		block and a proximal (concealed) Wenckebach phenomenon in the
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/73/2/198 (132 words)

	Wenckebach, George B, DDS - Wenckebach George B DDS - Medical Specialists - Boston, MA, 02116-1652 - Citysearch
		Wenckebach, George B, DDS - Wenckebach George B DDS - Medical Specialists - Boston, MA, 02116-1652 - Citysearch
		Wenckebach, George B, DDS - Wenckebach George B DDS
		From a 24-hour restaurant to a shop that never closes, find the best spots for night owls in Boston.
	www.citysearch.com /profile/4731199 (241 words)

	Beat-to-beat changes in AV nodal refractory and recovery properties during Wenckebach cycles -- Zhao and Billette 262 ...
		Beat-to-beat changes in AV nodal refractory and recovery properties during Wenckebach cycles -- Zhao and Billette 262 (6): 1899 -- AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
		Beat-to-beat changes in AV nodal refractory and recovery properties during Wenckebach cycles
		during stable 4:3 Wenckebach cycles was determined with premature
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/262/6/H1899 (368 words)

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