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	Heisenberg, Werner
		Heisenberg was willing to sacrifice the idea of discrete particles moving in prescribed paths (neither particles nor paths could be observed) in exchange for a theory that would deal directly with experimental facts and lead to the quantum conditions as consequences of the theory rather than ad hoc stipulations.
		Heisenberg used the new matrix mechanics to interpret the dual spectrum of the helium atom (that is, the superposed spectra of its two forms, in which the spins of the two electrons are either parallel or antiparallel), and with it he predicted that the hydrogen molecule should have analogous dual forms.
		From 1927 to 1941 Heisenberg was professor at the University of Leipzig.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/macro/5002_83.html (1699 words)

	AllRefer.com - Werner Heisenberg (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the founders of the quantum theory, he is best known for his uncertainty principle, or indeterminacy principle, which states that it is impossible to determine with arbitrarily high accuracy both the position and momentum (essentially velocity) of a subatomic particle like the electron.
		In 1926, Heisenberg developed a form of the quantum theory known as matrix mechanics, which was quickly shown to be fully equivalent to Erwin SchrOdinger's wave mechanics.
		Heisenberg was a student of Arnold Sommerfeld, an assistant to Max Born, and later a close associate of Niels Bohr.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Heisenbe.html (428 words)

	Heisenberg - Quantum Mechanics, 1925-1927: The Uncertainty Principle
		Heisenberg's route to uncertainty lies in a debate that began in early 1926 between Heisenberg and his closest colleagues on the one hand, who espoused the "matrix" form of quantum mechanics, and Erwin Schrödinger and his colleagues on the other, who espoused the new "wave mechanics."
		I knew of [Heisenberg's] theory, of course, but I felt discouraged, not to say repelled, by the methods of transcendental algebra, which appeared difficult to me, and by the lack of visualizability.
		Heisenberg's family was exerting pressure on the young man to capture one of the vacancies at the same time that his best work, matrix mechanics, seemed to be overshadowed by wave mechanics.
	www.aip.org /history/heisenberg/p08.htm (958 words)

	Copenhagen . Werner Heisenberg \| PBS
		Heisenberg suggested that any theory of the atom must be based on observable phenomenon, such as the spectral lines emitted by atoms, and not pictorial constructs such as Bohr's nuclear model of the atom.
		Heisenberg's account of their meeting so upset Bohr that he dictated a letter to Heisenberg detailing his own, and very different, recollection of what had transpired.
		Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: A principle of quantum mechanics developed by Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s which asserts that it is not possible to determine the position and momentum of a particle at the same instant.
	www.pbs.org /hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/story/heisenberg.html (651 words)

	Dave Kopel on Postmodernism & Werner Heisenberg on National Review Online
		Werner Heisenberg, the German physicist who identified the "Uncertainty Principle" in quantum physics (in which full knowledge is under some circumstances impossible to attain) might or might not have tried to subvert Nazi Germany's nuclear-weapons program.
		Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, the most famous idea of modern physics, had become a cornerstone of postmodern thinking, in which the possibility of objective truth is denied; so it was very fitting to see a postmodern play in which even the moral principles of the Uncertainty Principle's creator are themselves uncertain.
		Heisenberg obviously did not believe that it would be morally better to be killed by the SS than to help the Nazis build a weapon of mass destruction with which be used to murder millions of innocents.
	www.nationalreview.com /kopel/kopel040402.asp (2980 words)

	Werner Heisenberg
		Werner Heisenberg was born in Wurzburg, Germany, in 1901.
		Werner Heisenberg: Then it's got nothing to do with atoms, but the equivalent of 20,000 tons of high explosive is terrific.
		Werner Heisenberg: I believe the reason we didn't do it was because all the physicists didn't want to do it, on principle.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERheisenberg.htm (1405 words)

	Werner Heisenberg - Uncyclopedia
		Werner Heisenberg was born to Beth and Johnny Heisenberg in Koln (Cologne), Germany.
		Werner used this opportunity to retool the show: he hired a team of dancers to assist him, which also gave the cameraman something else to film besides Werner at a single forward angle.
		Werner also broke the show up into segments and used the maximum budget for special effects to introduce each segment, large letters with a spinning pan-in from the corner of the screen in shadowed teletype font with the name of each segment.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Werner_Heisenberg (1215 words)

	Werner Heisenberg - Biography
		Werner Heisenberg was born on 5th December, 1901, at Würzburg.
		It was probably due to his influence that Heisenberg remarked, when the Japanese physicist Yukawa discovered the particle now known as the meson and the term "mesotron" was proposed for it, that the Greek word "mesos" has no "tr" in it, with the result that the name "mesotron" was changed to "meson".
		During 1955 Heisenberg was occupied with preparations for the removal of the Max Planck Institute for Physics to Munich.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg-bio.html (928 words)

	SparkNotes: Werner Heisenberg: World War II
		Heisenberg could not allow such unreasoned criticism to pass unchallenged, and his opposition was seen as insubordination.
		Heisenberg was fully prepared to serve his country, and he expected orders to report to the front.
		In 1942, Heisenberg was invited to Berlin to serve as the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics and assume a chair in theoretical physics at the University of Berlin.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/heisenberg/section9.rhtml (856 words)

	'Copenhagen' discussion draws overflow crowd in rainstorm - MIT News Office
		Jochen Heisenberg, a physics professor at the University of New Hampshire, and Gerald Holton, an emeritus professor of physics and the history of science at Harvard University, differed on the reason for the 1941 meeting in Copenhagen between Bohr and Werner Heisenberg on which the show is based.
		Heisenberg said his father visited Bohr in Copenhagen because he was concerned for his friend's safety and wanted to assure that Bohr's institute in occupied Denmark would remain under Danish control.
		Werner Heisenberg was "appalled" at the Nazi atrocities and anti-Semitism, his son said, and clashed with the Nazis over science policy.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2002/copenhagen.html (849 words)

	Werner Heisenberg \| Biography \| atomicarchive.com
		Werner Heisenberg's name will always be associated with his theory of quantum mechanics.
		Werner Heisenberg was born on December 5, 1901, at Würzburg, Germany.
		Heisenberg was drafted by the Nazis to lead the German atomic bomb project.
	www.atomicarchive.com /Bios/Heisenberg.shtml (306 words)

	Werner Heisenberg
		Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist who lived between 1901-1976.
		Heisenberg is most famous for his uncertainty principle, which explains the impossibility of simultaneously knowing an object's position and momentum.
		Heisenberg also wrote the plans for the first nuclear reactor in Germany and promoted such peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/people/modern_era/heisenberg.html&edu=high&links=/windows3.html (144 words)

	Uncertainty Principle (Werner Heisenberg)
		The German physicist Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1932 for his work in nuclear physics and quantum theory.
		Insofar Heisenberg can be regarded as an advocate of philosophical idealism, which states that the objects of perception are identical with the ideas we have about them.
		Heisenberg is in good company with famous contenders of idealistic positions, such Plato, Schopenhauer, and Husserl, but so is Albert Einstein.
	www.thebigview.com /spacetime/uncertainty.html?CFID=3226767&CFTOKEN=78175980 (1447 words)

	Werner Heisenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Werner Heisenberg's is the major figure in the creation of quantum mechanics, which ranks as one of the most important contributions to science in history.
		Heisenberg in 1925 presented a new formulation, a new mathematics, that would explain the motion of atoms and even subatomic particles.
		In 1927, Heisenberg proposed his uncertainity principle, which largely indicates that there are profound limitations to a scientists ever observing anything objectively.
	www.fscwv.edu /users/dyoung/heisenberg.html (267 words)

	SparkNotes: Werner Heisenberg: Youth
		Werner Karl Heisenberg was born on December 5, 1901, in Würzburg, Germany.
		Werner's mother, Annie Heisenberg, was a smart homemaker who did not have opportunities for higher education in Germany.
		Werner's father's early challenges must have contributed to his precocity, while the stability and exactness of science may have appealed to his emotional sensitivity.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/heisenberg/section1.html (776 words)

	Quantum Theory: Werner Heisenberg
		Therefore, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is derived from assuming a standing wave formula for all masses (with n = 1 corresponding to l = R = electron matter-wavelength) and applying Schrodinger's equation to calculate the energies in the standing waves.
		Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is not a probability function as previously interpreted, but a limit on how much energy and perceived time shift is changed when quantum number n is changed incrementally.
		Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is merely a limit on the nature of standing waves based on integer quantum numbers.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /quantum-theory-werner-heisenberg-quotes.htm (5107 words)

	Heisenberg, Werner on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1926, Heisenberg developed a form of the quantum theory known as matrix mechanics, which was quickly shown to be fully equivalent to Erwin Schrödinger 's wave mechanics.
		Heisenberg and the Nazi atomic bomb project: a study in German culture.
		HEISENBERG'S NOBEL-LAUDED "UNCERTAINTY" PRINCIPLE WAS AN OUTGROWTH OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BOMB.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/h/heisenbe.asp (543 words)

	Werner Heisenberg Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 - February 1, 1976) was a celebrated physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics.
		As a student, he met Niels Bohr in Göttingen in 1922.
		Most historians of science take this as evidence that the previous interpretation of Heisenberg's resistance was wrong, but some have argued that Bohr profoundly misunderstood Heisenberg's intentions at the 1941 meeting.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/w/we/werner_heisenberg.html (457 words)

	Heisenberg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Werner Heisenberg — scientist who made key discoveries in quantum physics
		Martin Heisenberg — neurogeneticist, University of Würzburg, Germany
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heisenberg (92 words)

	Source of Werner Heisenberg quote
		It says that Heisenberg learned an important lesson from the work of Born and Jordan in 1926 (aside from not sleeping in Hilbert's classes!), and the lesson is the statement of Heisenberg which is quoted on p.
		I like to read papers and books by Werner Heisenberg, and am struck by how strong a turning point in his life and his thinking was the Fall of 1941.
		Werner Heisenberg's father had died when WH was 29, and Bohr became close to being a substitute father from then on.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jorgen/heisenbergquotesource.html (670 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Werner Heisenberg
		Werner Heisenberg's high school years were interrupted by World War I, when he had to leave school to help harvest crops in Bavaria.
		There was a mass exodus of German scientists in the 1930s, but Heisenberg was one of the few top-notch scientists who decided to remain.
		At war's end, Heisenberg was captured by the Allies and was imprisoned in England for six months.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpheis.html (755 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heisenberg studied physics at the University of Munich, where he worked under Arnold Sommerfeld.
		In 1958, Heisenberg became director of the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics.
		Heisenberg's work has had important influences in philosophy as well as physics.
	www.phy.hr /~dpaar/fizicari/xheisenb.html (296 words)

	Interview with Werner Heisenberg - F. David Peat
		Heisenberg made other important discoveries in physics, and became one of the most distinguished physicists of the century.
		In recent years Heisenberg adopted the unpopular position of criticizing research in elementary particle physics and proposing that symmetries and not elementary particles form the fundamental starting-point for a description of the world.
		We began by asking Heisenberg to recall the early days of quantum theory but it became apparent that great men have no desire to live in the past and he was just as eager to talk about the future of physics.
	www.fdavidpeat.com /interviews/heisenberg.htm (5887 words)

	Chapter Fifteen Einstein versus Werner Heisenberg and the Question of Honor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heisenberg did not pass any meaningful information (helpful to the Allies) during his visit with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen during World War II as some have said.
		Heisenberg that his approach to the Nazis cost the lives of the parents of the associate at least in part.
		Specifically, we learn at pages 441-42: "For Heisenberg, his lecture trip to Copenhagen could be seen as a minor personal victory; for the regime, it would be a test of the professorÂ’s reliability as a precondition for future exploitation; for the Danes, it was nothing more than gross propaganda.
	members.terracom.net /~tmcs/choco/choco_fifteen.htm (318 words)

	TR 1/2003: G. Sommer: Certainty about Werner Heisenberg
		They were certain Heisenberg was working on a German bomb; they had a bright idea, and they submitted it in haste to the one man they knew with an open channel to the authorities-Robert Oppenheimer.
		Then on the next line: ‘nothing spelled out but Heisenberg must be rendered hors de combat.’ The French phrase translates literally as ‘out of the battle.’ There is a very narrow range of ways in which a gun may be used to take an opponent out of the battle." (p.
		If anything Heisenberg said convinced Berg the Germans were close to a bomb then his job was to shoot him--right there in the auditorium.
	www.vho.org /tr/2003/1/Sommer47-51.html (3710 words)

	Amazon.ca: Encounters with Einstein (Psl): & Other Essays on People, PL: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In nine essays and lectures composed in the last years of his life, Werner Heisenberg offers a bold appraisal of the scientific method in the twentieth century--and relates its philosophical impact on contemporary society and science to the particulars of molecular biology, astrophysics, and related disciplines.
		Heisenberg was a Nobel prize winner and the first enunciator of the uncertainty principle that bears his name.
		Heisenberg is a lucid and concise writer of remarkable insight.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0691024332 (1086 words)

	Werner Heisenberg -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		He also made important contributions to the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulence, the atomic nucleus, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and elementary particles, and he planned the first post-World War II German nuclear reactor, at Karlsruhe, then in West Germany.
		(1902–80), physicist, born in Hannover, Germany; founded (with Max Born and Werner Heisenberg) quantum mechanics and (with Wolfgang Pauli and Eugene Wigner) quantum electrodynamics; professor of theoretical physics in Rostock, Germany, 1929–44, in Berlin 1944, in Hamburg from 1947; published with Max Born ‘Elementary Quantum Mechanics', 1930.
		German physicist Werner Heisenberg is most famous for his statement, published in 1927, that the position and the velocity of a subatomic particle cannot both be measured exactly, at the same time, even in theory.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9106280?tocId=9106280 (973 words)

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