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Topic: Wesleyan Quadrilateral

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	THE WESLEYAN QUADRILATERAL — IN JOHN WESLEY
		All Wesleyans are familiar with his metaphors of "porch," "door" and room" of "true religion" [The Principles of a Methodist, in Jackson, VIII 472-74].
		All Wesleyans have agreed on the primacy of Scripture and then differed (not always helpfully) in their hermeneutical perspectives.
		It is, therefore, with full assurance that I commend such explorations, not only to those who bear the Wesleyan insignia, but to all others who may care to extend their acquaintance with a rare man of God.
	wesley.nnu.edu /wesleyan_theology/theojrnl/16-20/20-01.htm (5152 words)

	Wesleyan Quadrilateral
		The Wesleyans, on the other hand, praise God derivatively, i.e., as a result of (in appreciation for) the transforming changes made in their lives, i.e., in truth.
		Conceptually and experientially the Wesleyan is equipped to set to rekindle the fire that swept England and America; we must now pray for the Holy Spirit to blow the embers to set it blazing again.
		The Wesleyan asserts a tie-in with the reported resurrection, however, in that the transformation that has taken place and which is still in process within hisher own heart and flesh, is also a miracle and enables the Wesleyan to look to the reported resurrection as a fact.
	www.mindspring.com /~kantwesley/Weskey/Quadrilateral.html (3273 words)

	Spring 2003 Issue
		In the Wesleyan tradition, Christian formation is a lifelong process in which our basic Christian beliefs take shape and are expressed in relation to specific historical and cultural contexts.
		In order for the Wesleyan quadrilateral to serve as a resource for contemporary discipleship, we must first be clear about its role in the life of The United Methodist Church.
		Unfortunately, at times, the quadrilateral is mistakenly thought to replace or supersede our doctrinal standards or the basics that John Wesley, and subsequent generations of Wesleyans, held to be so essential for growing as disciples of Jesus Christ.
	www.gbod.org /smallgroup/covenant/spring03/foursome.html (1432 words)

	Wesleyan Quadrilateral - Theopedia
		These sources were first referred to as the Wesleyan Quadrilateral in 1964 by theologian/scholar Albert C. Outler in a collection of Wesley's works edited by Outler entitled simply John Wesley.
		The problems he anticipated come when the Quadrilateral is seen as "equilateral" and all four "sources" for authority and decision-making are seen as equally weighted.
		The Wesleyan Quadrilateral in John Wesley by Albert C. Outler
	theopedia.com /Wesleyan_Quadrilateral (411 words)

	Epworth Chapel on the Green --- A Wesleyan Anglican church in Boise, Idaho
		The term "quadrilateral" has a relatively recent history, though its constituent parts have functioned at least tacitly throughout church history...all four sources were implicitly employed by ancient ecumenical teachers, but we do not find an adequate, explicit clarification of the relation of experience and reason to Scripture and tradition until the Reformation and modern periods.
		The principle which the Quadrilateral seeks to display is the interdependence of all four authorities under the primacy of Scripture.
		Wesleyans must remain a people "of one book," in the sense that Scripture is the final arbiter of theological truth and normative Christian practice.
	www.epworthchapelonthegreen.org /classes/journey/invitation7.php (1935 words)

	[No title]
		To articulate the so-called “Wesleyan quadrilateral” as a model of authority within the life of contemporary Methodism; 3.
		Wesleyan theology has been described in class as an expression of “living faith.” Discuss the “synthetic” nature of this theology with reference to two characteristic conjunctions.
		Describe the so-called “Wesleyan quadrilateral” as a model of authority within the life of contemporary Methodism.
	fc.asburyseminary.edu /~course_syllabi/000127C1-80000001/00020059-80000001/00024669-80000001/F0002466F/S017C3E39.-1/DO690.S05.doc?WasRead=1 (1589 words)

	Wesleyan Distinctives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Precisely her is our Wesleyan heritage - an historic via media between Protestant and Catholic views of salvation, holiness, and the Christian ethic - as an expression of the Holy God's purpose "to raise a holy people" on earth.
		Wesleyan education at all levels seeks to wed "knowledge" and "vital piety" under the rules of Scripture.
		Finally, the distinctive truth to which we freely commit ourselves as Wesleyan educators is the doctrine of "holiness of heart and life," or Christian perfection, the faith that God justifies believers in order to sanctify them, i.e., to transform them into the likeness of Christ by empowering them to love as Jesus loved.
	www.ptloma.edu /Wesleyan/events/DrGreathouse.htm (3620 words)

	PFRS Philosophy and Methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Some have supposed a connection or similarity between the PFRS four pillars and John Wesley's "quadrilateral." But this similarity is only superficial.
		Contrary to the implication of the term, "quadrilateral," Wesley did not view all four pillars as equal.
		The acceptance of women pastors and even homosexualism my some Wesleyan denominations can be traced to the idea that human reason is a valid test of theology.
	www.pfrs.org /foundation/hist07.html (783 words)

	FALLING OFF THE QUADRILATERAL
		Although the focus of this paper will be on ways that Wesleyans are "falling off the quadrilateral", much of the material is relevant to persons from non-Wesleyan evangelical traditions.
		Another area in which some Wesleyans are falling off the edge in the direction of fundamentalism is in the area of Biblical prophecy.
		For most Wesleyan evangelicals, however, there is a significant difference: while the Bible has a number of positive things to say about the role of women in ministry, it has nothing positive to say about homosexual behavior (Acts 2:15, I Corinthians 11:5, Romans 16:1-7, Romans 1:21-32, I Corinthians 6:9-11, Jude 7).
	www.indwes.edu /quadrilateral/falling.html (1917 words)

	The Salvation Army: Wesleyan Distinctives in Salvation Army Theology
		A Wesleyan distinctive that is vital to Salvation Army faith and practice is the belief that there is something good in every person—that no one is beyond redemption.
		The second part of the Army’s eighth statement of belief is particularly Wesleyan in character: “He that believeth hath the witness in himself.” This is the doctrine of the assurance that one is saved.
		Wesleyan followers have had difficulties with some of the terms that John Wesley used to describe the experience of holiness, including those of “full salvation,” “entire sanctification,” and “perfection.” At first reading, they appear to speak of the final arrival on the pilgrimage of holiness, a static or completed stage in Christian discipleship.
	www.salvationist.org /extranet_main.nsf/vw_sublinks/8E93913570C2699B80256F16006D3C6F?openDocument (4665 words)

	Is It Just Nostalgia? The Renewal of Wesleyan Studies
		To be convinced of the magnitude of the contemporary passion for Wesleyan studies, one need look no farther than the works being produced by graduate students and junior scholars: there are dissertations, monographs and scholarly articles, along with a sprinkling of more popular works.
		Although the field of Wesleyan studies was brought to life at mid-century by Methodists involved in the ecumenical movement (Cohn Williams, Frank Baker, Albert Outler, John Deschner and others), it now flourishes with the ever-increasing output of the thirtysomething generation of Methodist traditionalists.
		Their use of Wesleyan sources (meaning material from John and Charles Wesley or the "Wesleyan" traditions after them) typically blends historical investigation with concern for contemporary relevance.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=764 (1537 words)

	Wesleyan Theological Journal - Volumes 16 — 20: 1981 — 1985
		The Wesleyan Interpretation of Romans 5 — 8
		Response: The Perils of a Wesleyan Systematic Theologian
		Marxist and Wesleyan Anthropology and the Prospects for a Marxist-Wesleyan Dialogue
	wesley.nnu.edu /wesleyan_theology/theojrnl/index-16-20.htm (488 words)

	New Page 1
		Wesleyans have been, historically committed to gender and racial equality; in education and in ministry.
		From the very inception of the Methodist movement, each Wesleyan Society operated practical ministries that sought to combat poverty, illiteracy, and social injustice.
		The Wesleyan tradition does not stand alone in this ability to provide a platform for the integration of all facets of human life under the Lordship of Jesus Christ, but I do believe that it offers us stimulating ideas and credible practical examples to guide us in this process.
	campus.houghton.edu /webs/employees/gavery/wesleyweb/the_wesleyan_tradition.htm (1380 words)

	New Page 1
		The historic roots of the Wesleyan movement are not in the traditions that gave rise to Fundamentalism.
		While Wesleyanism shares much with the Reformation, Donald Dayton notes there are significant levels on which Wesleyanism can be seen as a corrective to Reformation thought and even in many basic ways as a reversion to Roman Catholic patterns of thought.
		As far as the Methodist movement is concerned, the term quadrilateral seems to be first referred to by Albert Outler in the late 1960s while he was serving on the commission on doctrine and doctrinal standards of the United Methodist Church.
	campus.houghton.edu /webs/employees/gavery/wesleyweb/biblical_hermeneutics.htm (2859 words)

	The Authority of The Holy Scriptures
		Others have addressed the question by turning to biblical criticism and systematic theology in an attempt to come to grips with the nature of the Bible and the doctrines of the faith relative to the needs of the Church in the twentieth century.
		Regardless of how one views the "quadrilateral," and opinions vary widely, it cannot be doubted that its formulation has launched something of a crisis in Wesleyan theology.
		The problem with the quadrilateral is not in its intention, but in its ambiguity toward the authority of the Scriptures.
	www.revneal.org /Writings/authorit.htm (6846 words)

	Intersections: The Wesleyan Quadrilateral Revisited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		They are not equal quadrants, for Scripture is supreme (at least in Wesleyan understanding), but they are all ways in which we know.
		For instance, instead of "tradition" I would put community in which the historical tradition of the Church, the present witness of the global Church and the particular witness of the local church are all a part.
		I have no particular interest in saving Wesley's quadrilateral, per se and yet I also do have an affinity for it since it seems to help people understand that "Bible-only" methodologies don't really make all that much sense and aren't rally all that helpful (as you have mentioned).
	jeffgauss.blogspot.com /2005/05/wesleyan-quadrilateral-revisited.html (710 words)

	Wesley’s Quadrilateral:
		The roots of the quadrilateral are imbedded deep in the soil of the church centuries before Wesley ever draws attention to them in his writings.
		The genius (allowing us to use that term) of the quadrilateral is that each of the four dimensions serve to refine (as Lennox suggests) and restrain (as I propose) the others.
		The dichotomy between the objective and subjective polarities of the quadrilateral is obvious and has been explored by several writers.
	www.indwes.edu /quadrilateral/checks.html (2041 words)

	Nazarene Article of Faith #4 - The Holy Scriptures
		If you remember your geometry, you will know that a Quadrilateral is a four sided figure, but that all side of the quadrilateral are not necessarily equal, and the corners are not necessarily square.
		In the Wesleyan Quadrilateral, we recognize that Scripture is always the foundational leg-the longest side, but that Reason, Tradition, and Experience all support God’s Word.
		The fourth shepherd (who is Wesleyan) came to the Manger for the purpose of meeting the Baby in the manger.
	www.christianforums.com /t712412 (2219 words)

	adventist today
		The Wesleyan Quadrilateral invites us to follow truth about God and about ourselves wherever we find it.
		One possible objection is that the Wesleyan Quadrilateral undercuts the authority of Scripture.
		As these considerations suggest, I am convinced the Wesleyan Quadrilateral enables us to think about the roles and places of men and women in the church in helpful ways.
	www.atoday.com /magazine/archive/1996/janfeb1996/articles/WhatLearnWesley.shtml (2379 words)

	Covenant Discipleship Quarterly, Spring 2003
		Elaine Robinson discussed the Wesleyan quadrilateral as a method for theological reflection in a postmodern world.
		I think it would be helpful to introduce children to this important part of the Wesleyan tradition.
		Once you have explained the quadrilateral, use it to explore a justice or theological issue that you think your group needs to understand.
	www.gbod.org /smallgroup/covenant/spring03/300.html (434 words)

	wesleyanquad.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Wesleyan quadrilateral is a rather different way of looking at issues where one's faith intersects with issues in everyday living.
		While many Methodists employ the quadrilateral in determining their views, one could also argue that other mainline protestant denominations such as lutherans and presbyterians employ similar means, without the fancy name.
		The term Wesleyan comes from the founder of the methodist church, John Wesley.
	www.chatlink.com /~bbath/wesleyanquad.html (216 words)

	Wesleyan Quadrilateral - Theopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		These sources were first referred to as the Wesleyan Quadrilateral in 1964 by theologian/scholar Albert C. Outler in a collection of Wesley's works edited by Outler entitled simply John Wesley (ISBN 0195028104).
		The Wesleyan Quadrilateral in John Wesley (http://wesley.nnu.edu/wesleyan_theology/theojrnl/16-20/20-01.htm) by Albert C. Outler
		Wesley and the Quadrilateral: Renewing the Conversation (1997, ISBN 0687060559) by Campbell, Jones, Maddox, and Miles
	www.theopedia.com /Wesleyan_quadrilateral (222 words)

	openingsalvo: Rethinking The Wesleyan Quadrilateral
		He said rather abruptly, "There is one phrase I wish I had never used: the 'Wesleyan Quadrilateral.' It has created the wrong image in the minds of so many people and, I am sure, will lead to all kinds of controversy." Without question, his words were prophetic.
		The term first came into general United Methodist parlance by means of the 1972 Book of Discipline, despite the fact that the phrase "Wesleyan Quadrilateral" itself was never used in the official documents.
		The wind chime, I believe, is a powerful image that is both authentic to the dynamic concept of authority in our United Methodist theological statements and much more scintillating than the image of a square or some other static model purportedly representing the Wesleyan Quadrilateral.
	openingsalvocr.blogspot.com /2005/02/rethinking-wesleyan-quadrilateral.html (1079 words)

	Methodists United for Peace with Justice
		Derived from John Wesley's theological approach, the Quadrilateral refers to Scripture, Tradition, Reason, and Experience.
		For Wesley scripture was the primary source, but the Christian tradition, reason, and experience added depth of discernment.
		In our exploration of the theology of peace and war we take up the Quadrilateral and consider (1) the biblical perspective and how it is illuminated by (2) tradition found in Christian history, (3) reason expressed through different theological perspectives, and (4) practical experience in dealing with conflict.
	www.mupwj.org /quadrilateral.htm (100 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Wesleyan Quadrilateral
		The Wesleyan Quadrilateral is a theory that is credited to John Wesley, one of the leaders of the Methodist movement of the Protestant church in the late 18th Century.
		The Quadrilateral says that there are four authorities that we should use for making decisions - the Bible, Reason, Tradition, and Experience - explaining them as follows:
		The idea of a Quadrilateral comes into play in that all four parts are connected.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A464933 (552 words)

	John Wesley's Conception and Use of Scripture
		Despite wide acceptance of the "Wesleyan quadrilateral," significant disagreements have arisen in both academic and church circles about the degree to which Scripture stood in a place of theological primacy for Wesley, or should do so for modern Methodists, and about the proper and appropriate methods of interpreting Scripture.
		Jones argues that for Wesley, religious authority is constituted not by a "quadrilateral," but by a fivefold but unitary locus comprising Scripture, reason, Christian antiquity, the Church of England, and experience.
		The notion of the Wesleyan quadrilateral has gained wide acceptance among Methodists as well as Wesley scholars, though disagreements have often surfaced relating to the place and primacy of Scripture within this matrix.
	www.christnotes.org /-/_john-wesley's-conception-and-use-of-scripture_0687204666.asp (260 words)

	Christian Scholar's Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Gary Strauss applies a postmodern adaptation of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral to an examination of the experience of and the acting upon a homosexual orientation.
		He concludes that the voices of Scripture, orthodox tradition, human experience and reason lead to a confirmation of the historic evangelical position which must be applied in a highly compassionate and humble manner.
		Dr. Strauss is an associate professor at the Rosemead School of Psychology of Biola University.
	www.hope.edu /resources/csr/XXVI4/strauss (85 words)

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