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Topic: West Berlin

	West Berlin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Berlin, though surrounded by the Soviet sector, would be similiarly divided, with the western allies occupying an enclave consisting of the western parts of the city.
		West Berlin was run by an elected Mayor and city government at Rathaus Schöneberg, but this government formally derived its authority from the occupying forces, not its electoral mandate.
		The ambiguous status of West Berlin also meant that men there were exempt from the Federal Republic's compulsory military service; this exemption made the city a popular home for West German youths, which resulted in a flourishing counterculture that became one of the defining features of the city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/West_Berlin (1140 words)

	MSN Encarta - Berlin
		Berlin is located in the northern European lowlands on a broad, sandy plain that surrounds the Spree River.
		To the west of the medieval city is a formal grid of streets laid out on either side of Unter den Linden, a wide central avenue stretching from east to west and flanked with double rows of linden trees.
		The rebuilding of West Berlin was particularly dramatic in the 1960s, when the West German government and its allies made an effort to make the city a showcase for the benefits of capitalism.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761570640 (1237 words)

	MSN Encarta - Berlin Wall
		The Berlin Wall was a highly visible symbol of the Cold War, the post-1945 struggle between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its allies, including East Germany, and the United States and its allies.
		West Berlin was occupied by British, French, and United States forces and was supported by the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly known as West Germany.
		Although the GDR announced that the wall was needed to prevent military aggression and political interference from West Germany, the East German government built tank traps and ditches along the eastern side of the wall, suggesting that it was constructed to keep East German citizens in.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580628/Berlin_Wall.html (581 words)

	City Profiles: Berlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Berlin was founded in the early thirteenth century as the capital of Brandenburg.
		East Berlin was the financial, commercial and industrial centre of the German Democratic Republic and an important transit hub for the East-West trade.
		Inadequate housing retarded the population growth of East Berlin, and West Berlin suffered from the destruction of one third of its housing to during the Second World War.
	www0.un.org /cyberschoolbus/habitat/profiles/berlin.asp (372 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: USA and USSR: Exchange of Notes on the Berlin Wall, 1961
		Freedom of movement with respect to Berlin was reaffirmed by the quadripartitc agreement of New York of May 4, 1949, and by the decision taken at Paris on June 20, 1949, by the Council of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Four Powers.
		West Berlin has been transformed into a center of subversive activity diversion, and espionage, into a center of political and economic provocations against the G.D.R., the Soviet Union, and other socialist countries.
		Former and present West Berlin municipal leaders have cynically called West Berlin an "arrow in the living body of the German Democratic Republic," a "front city," a "violator of tranquillity," the "cheapest atom bomb put in the center of a socialist state.".
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1961berlin-usa-ussr.html (1367 words)

	Keesing's Worldwide Online - Hot Topics: Berlin Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A West Berlin body known as the "Working Group 13th August" published on Aug. 13 (the 10th anniversary of the building of the Berlin Wall) various statistics relating to attempts by East Germans to escape into West Berlin and Western Germany.
		An incident occurred at the Berlin Wall on the night of July 24-25, in which three people attempting to escape into West Berlin were fired upon by East German border guards; one of the three was apparently killed, whilst the second was injured and the third did not appear to have been hurt.
		On the West Berlin side of the border, crowds numbering several thousands assembled outside the crossing-points, booed the East German border guards, chanted "Down with Ulbricht" and anti-Communist slogans, and were with difficulty held back behind barriers at the Brandenburg Gate.
	www.keesings.com /hot_topics/berlin_wall (942 words)

	Berlin
		Most of Berlin was destroyed after the second world war, but many landmarks have either been restored or reconstructed.
		Nowadays, Berlin is once again one of the greatest European cities: lively, dynamic and inviting.
		The Alexanderplatz, a famous square in Berlin's central district Mitte was used as a podium for the GDR's architectural ambitions.
	www.aviewoncities.com /berlin.htm (153 words)

	A 1962 Defense of the Berlin Wall
		The Bonn government and the West Berlin Senate have systematically converted West Berlin into a centre of provocation from where 90 espionage organizations, the RIAS American broadcasting station in West Berlin (Radio in American Sector) and revanchist associations organize acts of sabotage against the GDR and the other socialist countries.
		According to the exceedingly intelligent explanations of the West Berlin Senate we have walled ourselves in and are living in a concentration camp.
		West Berlin Mayor Brandt wails that half of the GDR, including the workers in the enterprise militia groups, is armed.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/wall.htm (1493 words)

	Ronald Reagan... Brandenburg Gate
		Yet is is here in Berlin where the wall emerges most clearly; here, cutting across your city, where the news photo and the television screen have imprinted this brutal division of a continent upon the mind of the world.
		From devastation, from utter ruin, you Berliners have, in freedom, rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth.
		Something instead, that has seen the difficulties of life in Berlin but chose to accept them, that continues to build this good and proud city in contrast to a surrounding totalitarian presence that refuses to release human energies or aspirations.
	www.ronaldreagan.com /sp_11.html (2773 words)

	Berlin Travel Guide \| Fodor's Online
		Berlin is again on the cutting edge, as the federal government, new businesses, artists, and visitors from around the world are all being drawn to the city.
		Berlin maintained its status as Germany's capital for the duration of the German Empire (1871-1918), through the post-World War I Weimar Republic (1919-33), and also through Hitler's Third Reich (1933-45).
		Hitler and the Nazis made Berlin their capital but ultimately failed to remodel the city into a silent monument to their power: By the end of World War II there was more rubble in Berlin than in all other German cities combined.
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=berlin@28 (465 words)

	Berlin: East and West
		The Parisians resent the greater physical power of the Berliners, and the Berliners supposedly hold an inferiority complex as to the beauty, charm, and respectability of Paris.
		I guess the West Berliners are exempt from the military draft and so the radical population is large.
		Another good example of the differences is a train ride through Berlin in the middle of the night, with the west brightly lit up by street lights and buildings and the east almost completely dark.
	www.rjgeib.com /biography/europe/germany/berlin.html (5111 words)

	West Berlin
		It is difficult to believe that thirteen years have passed (as of this writing) since the fall of the Berlin Wall.
		West Berlin has a number of cultural attractions as well, theaters, the Deutsche Oper, the Messe (convention center -- although it is one of the ugliest buildings around), and of course the Zoo come to mind.
		Even before the wall came down, West Berlin was a full weekend's worth of activity by itself, and that's something that hasn't changed even though it is no longer an 'island'.
	www.tompgalvin.com /places/de/berlin/berlin_west.htm (794 words)

	CNN - Cold War: Chat with David Murphy:
		We knew that the station in Berlin, CIA station, was being asked to verify whether the troops manning the tanks on the Soviet side were actually Soviets and not East Germans.
		The cable, which was sent to President Kennedy by [West Berlin Mayor] Willy Brandt, emphasized that the West Berlin population was indeed shocked at the fact that the West took no action to counter the closure of the sector borders.
		It was indeed the Western presence in West Berlin which continued to make it difficult for them, not only to achieve those goals but to consolidate their position in East Germany.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/guides/debate/chats/murphy (2830 words)

	BERLIN 1969
		It formed plans, now known publicly, to invade West Berlin and remove it as an obstacle to the development of socialism...
		West Berliners and the Allied soldiers with them lived under several kinds of threats.
		Berlin was the place where the adolescent GDR government launched its own provocations, without advance approval by the USSR.
	home.att.net /~rw.rynerson/index2.htm (423 words)

	Berlin - Wikitravel
		Berlin is best known for its historical associations as German capital, for its lively nightlife, for its many cafes, clubs, and bars, and for its numerous museums, palaces, and other sites of historic interest.
		Berlin is a relatively young city by European standards, dating only to the thirteenth century, and it has always had a reputation as a place filled with people from elsewhere.
		Berlin does not attempt to hide the less savoury parts of its history: a visit to the Topography of Terror (http://www.topographie.de/en/) (Mitte), for example, provides interesting but sobering insights into the activities of the Gestapo in Berlin during the Nazi years (1933-1945).
	wikitravel.org /en/Berlin (7693 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Preconceptional factors associated with very low birthweight delivery in East and West ...
		Thus, the number of VLBW and control infant mothers actually participating in the study were 166 (82 in East Berlin and 84 in West Berlin) mothers of 190 VLBW infants, and 341 (175 in West Berlin and 166 in East Berlin) mothers of 307 control infants.
		The important effect of living in East or in West Berlin on single-mother status as a VLBW risk factor partly resides in different attitudes fostered by the state (in East Berlin) or churches (in West Berlin).
		In the univariate analyses, the father's social status was significantly related to VLBW in East Berlin while it had little impact on VLBW in the West Berlin group.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2458/2/10 (3835 words)

	Secrets of Divided Berlin
		West Berlin was an island in the middle of East Germany, over one hundred miles from West Germany.
		The communists controlled access to East Berlin, but the West maintained that there should be free passage among the four sectors of the city and didn't search people or vehicles entering into West Berlin from the East.
		Some of the enclaves were occupied by West Berlin squatters in the summer of 1987.
	www.internationalthriller.com /secrets/divberlin.php (752 words)

	PhotoMann Travel Photgraphy - Berlin Images
		Berlin is now the largest construction zone in Europe.
		The Berlin Cathedral with the television tower in the background.
		This was one of the crossing points between East and West when Berlin was a divided city.
	www.photomann.com /europe/berlin.htm (591 words)

	BiW: The Berlin Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Early in the morning of Sunday, August 13, 1961, the GDR began under the leadership of Erich Honecker to block off East Berlin and the GDR from West Berlin by means of barbed wire and antitank obstacles.
		The border between West Berlin and East Berlin and the GDR had a total length of 166 km, and there was a deeply staggered system of barriers.
		Little later, an onrush of East Berliner's towards West Berlin began, and there were celebrations at the Brandenburg Gate and at the Kurfürstendamm in West Berlin.
	userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de /BIW/wall.html (937 words)

	The Berlin Airlift
		The city of Berlin, although located in the eastern Soviet half, was also divided into four sectors --West Berlin occupied by Allied interests and East Berlin occupied by Soviets.
		In June 1948, the Soviet Union attempted to control all of Berlin by cutting surface traffic to and from the city of West Berlin.
		This Airbridge to Berlin lasted until the end of September of 1949---although on May 12, 1949, the Soviet government yielded and lifted the blockade.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /whistlestop/study_collections/berlin_airlift/large/berlin_airlift.htm (422 words)

	Berlin Wall \| East and West Berlin \| Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		BERLIN The Wall Is Not Forever BERLIN The Wall Is Not Forever by ELEANOR LANSING DULLES Foreword...prognosis in the English edition in her choice of title: Berlin: The...
		From the Berlin Museum to the Berlin Wall: Essays on the Cultural and Political History of Modern Germany (Chap.
		The lectures on the Berlin Wall, the Cuba missile crisis, and...particularly in the cases of the Berlin...
	www.questia.com /popularSearches/berlin_wall.jsp (838 words)

	USATODAY.com - Poll: 24% of west Germans want Berlin Wall back (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		BERLIN (AP) — Fifteen years after the Berlin Wall fell, 24% of west Germans surveyed said they wanted it back, according to a poll published Saturday.
		Berlin residents, whose city was divided in 1961 when communist authorities in the east built the wall to keep people from fleeing to the west, were less likely to wish for its return.
		Some of those stereotypes came through in the poll, with 58% of West Berliners agreeing that "east Germans are inclined to pity themselves" and 47% of East Berliners agreeing that "west Germans conquered the former East Germany in colonial style."
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-03-26-wall-poll_x.htm (386 words)

	Escape attempts to the West - History of Berlin Wall
		Thousands of East German citizen had escaped to the West over the borders between East and West Germany, East Germany and Berlin and within Berlin.
		Although many border crossing points were closed in Berlin and controls at the border happened, it was quite easy to leave the Eastern sector of Berlin to the Western sector.
		On August 13, 1961 the East German government decided to close the 'last gap' in the border to West Berlin and the Berlin Wall was build up.
	www.dailysoft.com /berlinwall/history/escape.htm (395 words)

	History of the Berlin Wall
		The border between East and West Berlin is opened and daily half a million people cross the border from one part of the city into the other.
		Many East Berliners go into the cinema or discos in the West, they even work in the West or they go shopping in the West.
		In that night people from East Berlin flooded into the western part of the city and hundreds of thousands celebrated throughout the city.
	www.dailysoft.com /berlinwall/history (354 words)

	AFTER THE FALL - Berlin: During the Wall
		On the night of August 13, 1961, while East and West Berliners slept, the East German military erected a temporary structure that halted the flow of people between the two sides of the city.
		Families were separated with no visitation rights, and some West Berliners born in what was now East Germany would not cross a terrestrial border for fear of being detained as an East German-born citizen.
		In some border areas in the West, white crosses marked the deaths of failed escapees, often marked "Unbekannt" for the unknown person who was killed.
	www.itvs.org /afterthefall/berlin_during.html (786 words)

	Berlin Travel Guide - Berlin Travel Guide Germany
		The Berlin Wall divided the city for twenty-eight years until it was torn down in 1989.
		Berlin is full of energy with a lively nightlife; more than a hundred and sixty museums; over fifty theatres and innumerable historical monuments.
		Much of Berlin has been rebuilt and restored and there is both old and new architecture side by side.
	www.onlineberlinguide.com (214 words)

	West Berlin Itinerary
		From there through West Germany to East/West German border at Helmstedt and thence along the ‘corridor’ to West Berlin, where we should arrive at approximately 11.00a.m.
		On arrival in West Berlin the party will be accommodated in the Youth Hostel, rest of the day free.
		During a sight seeing tour of West Berlin, which should start at 2.00p.m., the Band will perform a 20 minute concert in Spandau as part of the German-British Friendship Day celebrations where the Bands performance will be transmitted live throughout Germany via the British Forces Broadcasting Service.
	www.manxyouthband.org /tour/berlin.htm (353 words)

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