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Topic: West Indies Federation

	West Indies. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		West Indies) are Guadeloupe and its dependencies and Martinique.
		Jamaica, the most populous and prosperous member, voted (1961) to leave the federation, fearing that it would have to shoulder the burdens of the economically underdeveloped members; Trinidad and Tobago followed suit and the federation was dissolved in May 1962.
		In 1967 the West Indies Associated States were created, made up of Antigua, St. Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent.
	www.bartleby.com /69/91/W02191.html (545 words)

	West Indies - MSN Encarta
		West Indies, an archipelago, or group of islands, that extends in an arc from near southern Florida to the coast of Venezuela.
		The West Indies archipelago consists of four island chains: The Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the eastern and southern islands of the Lesser Antilles.
		Except for the northern half of The Bahamas, the islands of the West Indies are all in the tropics, the warm climate zone between latitudes 10° and 23°27’ north.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555176/West_Indies.html (2028 words)

	West Indies Federation information - Search.com
		The Federal Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a nominated Senate and a popularly elected House of Representatives.
		The Federation maintained a particularly close relationship with the nation of Canada, which had a similar past in that it was a confederation of several former British colonies.
		The federation's currency was the West Indies dollar, which was later succeeded by the East Caribbean dollar, the Jamaican dollar, the Barbados dollar, and the Trinidad and Tobago dollar.
	www.search.com /reference/West_Indies_Federation (3215 words)

	West Indies Caribbean books maps prints
		Correspondence relative to Emigration of Labourers to the West Indies and the Mauritius, from the West Coast of Africa, the East Indies, and China.
		STURGE J. The West Indies in 1837; being the journal of a visit to Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica, St Lucia, Barbados and Jamaica undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining the actual condition of the negro population of those islands.
		WEST INDIES Report of the Royal Commission appointed in December 1882, to inquire into the public revenues, expenditure, debts, and liabilities of the islands of Jamaica, Grenada, St Vincent, Tobago, and St Lucia, and the Leeward Islands; with a despatch thereon from the Secretary of State to Governor Sir Henry Norman, K.C.B., C.I.E. 3 vols.
	www.pennymead.com /wibooksgen.htm (10175 words)

	West Indies - British West Indies Travel Information
		The federation was created by the United Kingdom in 1958 as a way of simultaneously satisfying the demands for independence of all colonies in the region.
		The legal basis for the federation was the British Caribbean Federation Act 1956, and the date of January 3, 1958 was set by an Order-in-Council proclaimed in 1957.
		Two Federal parties were organised as confederations of local political parties, both of whom were organised by Jamaican politicians; the West Indian Federation Labour Party by Norman Manley and the Democratic Labour Party by Alexander Bustamante.
	www.caribbeanplacestostay.com /locations/west-indies/about/british-west-indies-history.cfm (521 words)

	West Indies Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The West Indies Federation maintained a particularly close relationship with the nation of Canada, which had a similar past of being a part of the British Empire and becoming a Confederation.
		The nation's currency was the West Indies dollar, which later was succeeded by the East Caribbean dollar, the Belize Dollar, the Jamaican Dollar, the Barbados dollar, the Trinidad and Tobago dollar and the Guyana dollar.
		A partial legacy of the Federation is the West Indian cricket team, although the side was actually organised many years prior to the independence of the Federation.
	west-indies-federation.kiwiki.homeip.net (776 words)

	Latin American Collection at Yale University
		The reports deal with the activities of the Society during a time when missionary work in the West Indies was given little prominence.
		West Indies records of the United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel : E series.
		The reports are a vital record of life in the West Indies at a critical and formative point of their history during the move from freedom and crown colony status to full independence.
	www.library.yale.edu /latinamerica/westindies.html (1652 words)

	West Indies Federation
		Because it was a federal colony, the badge of the Leeward Islands was used on the Union Jack and on the Blue Ensign; the individual islands had no badge.
		I spotted a flag of the old West Indies Federation, blue with four white horizontal wavy lines and a gold disc in the centre, at the cricket test match between Australia and the West Indies held in Barbados over the weekend.
		The official description given in the West Indies Gazette is "Flag approved has blue ground with four white horizontal wavy bars (the top pair of bars being parallel and the lower pair also parallel) and an orange sun in the centre." Not the most enlightening description.
	www.1uptravel.com /flag/flags/gb-carib.html (858 words)

	West Indies Federation - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		WEST INDIES FEDERATION [West Indies Federation] former federation of 10 British West Indian territories formed in 1958.
		Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Barbados were the principal members, but the federation included most of the Leeward and Windward islands, then under British control.
		Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago became independent members of the Commonwealth of Nations in 1962, as did Barbados in 1966 and the Bahamas in 1973.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-windfed.html (341 words)

	Trinicenter.com - Dr. Kwame Nantambu - W.I. Federation: Failure from the start
		The attempt to coalesce Barbados in a federal union with the Windward Islands in the 1870s was defeated by a violent opposition which culminated in the so-called confederation riots of 1876.
		Taking the cue that the West Indian political leaders had an overt desire to group themselves into a federation, the British Secretary of State for the Colonies announced British support for "the establishment of (a) federation at the appropriate time" and the colonial legislatures were called upon to voice their opinions.
		Final agreement to federate was reached in 1956 and the Federation was formally launched on 3 January 1958 with the assumption of duty of the Governor-General in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.
	www.trinicenter.com /kwame/2005/1212.htm (3466 words)

	Fan The Flame by Leonard Tim Hector
		"The Federation of the West Indies, inaugurated in 1958, collapsed in 1962 with the secession of Jamaica.
		Worse yet, as one of the prime movers in the Federation, and himself an historian, Dr Williams did not even see the need in a major historical work to explain himself as the Representative of the Trinidad and Tobago people, to the people of the Caribbean whose history he was addressing.
		But the fundamental weakness of the Federal movement was that it lacked an organisational base in each territory educating the people of each territory, by activity, into the necessity for Federation and the necessities for a Federation.
	www.candw.ag /~jardinea/ffhtm/ff970704.htm (3297 words)

	West Indies
		Because it was a federal colony, the badge of the Leeward Islands was used on the Union Jack and on the Blue Ensign; the individual islands had no badge.
		I spotted a flag of the old West Indies Federation, blue with four white horizontal wavy lines and a gold disc in the centre, at the cricket test match between Australia and the West Indies held in Barbados over the weekend.
		The official description given in the West Indies Gazette is "Flag approved has blue ground with four white horizontal wavy bars (the top pair of bars being parallel and the lower pair also parallel) and an orange sun in the centre." Not the most enlightening description.
	flagspot.net /flags/gb-carib.html (961 words)

	British West Indies Championships
		The annual British West Indies Championships were first held in 1957 in anticipation of the creation of the Federation of the West Indies.
		The federation comprised the ten British islands of Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Trinidad.
		Although the federation only lasted from January 1958 to May 1962 the championships were briefly re-introduced in 1964 after a three year break.
	www.gbrathletics.com /ic/bwic.htm (148 words)

	West Indies Federation: definition, usage and pronunciation - YourDictionary.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		A group of ten former British colonies in the West Indies, including Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados.
		It was established in 1958 and slated for independence in 1962 but broke up in May 1962 because of economic disagreements among the members.
		Some of the islands later formed the British-sponsored West Indies Associated States, which was gradually disbanded as the islands achieved independence in the 1970s and early 1980s.
	www.yourdictionary.com /ahd/w/w0100800.html (78 words)

	West Indies
		The West Indies consist of the Antilles, divided into the larger Greater Antilles which bound the sea on the north and the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), and the Bahamas.
		Geopolitically, the West Indies are usually reckoned as a subregion of North America and are organised into 28 territories including sovereign states, overseas departments, and dependencies.
		British West Indies/Anglophone Caribbean - Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bay Islands, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica (from 1655), Montserrat, Saint Croix (briefly), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago (from 1797) and the Turks and Caicos Islands
	www.hometownfreepress.com /west_indies.htm (1247 words)

	The Nation Newspaper \| PEOPLE & THINGS: By any other name
		This point is both interesting and relevant since for many generations, we never attempted to understand conflict between perception and reality as it relates to the West Indies Federation and this is ironic since much of the failure of that entity is related to this "gap".
		As a colony, the Federation had a prime minister because of its federal status, but this title did not mean that, as prime minister, Adams was in full control of a sovereign entity, since the Federation was a colony, with a governor appointed by Her Majesty and holding office during Her Majesty's pleasure.
		Notwithstanding these limitations, it is clear that several West Indians were at that time convinced that the Federation was a nation-state in every sense, and Adams was its leader with the full control of its destiny.
	www.nationnews.com /editorial/292826880433494.php (670 words)

	Study in the Caribbean
		The name "West Indies" originates from Christopher Columbus' idea that he had landed in the Indies (then meaning all of south and east Asia) when he had in fact reached the Americas.
		At one time, there was a short-lived country called the Federation of the West Indies composed of ten of the English-speaking Caribbean territories of the region.
		The British West Indies were formerly united by the United Kingdom into a West Indies Federation.
	www.studyoverseas.com /f_caribbean.htm (385 words)

	British West Indies — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		West Indies Federation - West Indies Federation West Indies Federation, former federation of 10 British West Indian...
		The Liberals, race, and political reform in the British West Indies, 1866-1874.
		Journal of a residence among the Negroes in the West Indies.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0911172.html (275 words)

	West Indies Federation — FactMonster.com
		West Indies Federation, former federation of 10 British West Indian territories formed in 1958.
		were the principal members, but the federation included most of the Leeward and Windward islands, then under British control.
		West Indies - West Indies West Indies, archipelago, between North and South America, curving c.2,500 mi (4,020...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0851932.html (274 words)

	English West Indies Federation
		Historically "West Indian" nations The Bahamas, Belize, the British Virgin Islands and Guyana opted not to join because they believed that their future lay with association with North America, Central America, the United States Virgin Islands and South America respectively.
		A small third party, the Federal Democratic Party was founded in November 1957 by a group of Trinidadians, although it did not win any seats.
		Federal elections were held on March 25, 1958.
	articles.gourt.com /?article=West%20Indies%20Federation (3211 words)

	Dominica Historical Events
		1871 - Administrative union of the Leeward Islands converted to a constitutional Federation - with a federal Executive Council nominated by the Governor and a federal Legislative Council consisting of ten (10) nominated members and ten (10) elected members elected by the unofficial members of the legislatures of the member islands.
		(2) The British Caribbean Federation Act 1956 was passed enabling Her Majesty in Council to provide for the Federation of the West Indian Colonies of which Dominica was one.
		1962 - With the dissolution of the Federation by the West Indies Act 1962, Dominica was restored to its original status.
	www.cakafete.com /dominica/constitution/historical.html (682 words)

	AllRefer.com - West Indies Federation (Caribbean Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Barbados were the principal members, but the federation included most of the Leeward and Windward islands, then under British control.
		The seat of government was Port of Spain, Trinidad.
		Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago became independent members of the Commonwealth of Nations in 1962, as did Barbados in 1966 and the Bahamas in 1973.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/WIndFed.html (308 words)

	The West Indies Federation
		The Federation was established by the British Caribbean Federation Act of 1956 with the aim of establishing a political union among its members.
		The then University College of the West Indies (UCWI), which was established in 1948 with one campus at Mona, Jamaica, opened its second campus at St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, in 1960.
		The decisive development, which led to the demise of the Federation was the withdrawal of Jamaica - the largest member - after conducting a national referendum in 1961 on its continued participation in the arrangement.
	www.caricom.org /jsp/community/west_indies_federation.jsp (664 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Talk of West Indies Federation - Monday \| February 16, 2004
		This was sparked by the moving of a resolution by Frank Pixley, the Minister for Social Welfare, calling on the House to endorse the Resolutions adopted by the Montego Bay Conference on the Closer Association of the British West Indian Territories.
		He said while the politicians continued to debate the issue, others were taking important steps towards Federation, by building various institutions, including the University of the West Indies, the sugar association of the region, the regional chamber of commerce, the Caribbean Congress of Labour, and West Indies Cricket.
		Evans acknowledged that there were many things in the West Indian islands that were common, one with another "and it is those things in common that the West Indies must seek to save and preserve, and to do so, it is better to do so in a combined sense than to do so singly."
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20040216/news/news3.html (415 words)

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