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	West Nile virus
		West Nile virus was first isolated in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937 and was subsequently isolated from patients, birds, and mosquitoes in Egypt in the early 1950s.
		In Europe, West Nile virus circulation is confined to two basic types of cycles and ecosystems: rural cycle (wild, usually wetland birds and bird-biting mosquitoes) and urban cycle (domestic birds and mosquitoes feeding on both birds and humans).
		Circulation of West Nile fever in Europe is similar to that of St. Louis encephalitis in North America, where the rural cycle of wild birds alternates with the urban cycle of domestic birds.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /crows/westnile.htm (1924 words)

	West Nile Virus
		The virus, genetically very similar to the West Nile Virus which is widespread in the Old World, caused more than 50 documented cases of disease and about 7 deaths of humans (all of people over the age of 60), as well as widespread mortality in crows and sporadic mortality in other birds.
		West Nile Virus belongs to a large group of arthropod-borne viruses (nicknamed ARBO viruses) which includes many viruses that cause more familiar forms of encephalitis as well as dengue fever and yellow fever.
		The fact that West Nile Virus does not usually kill the birds that carry it is one piece of evidence supporting the hypothesis that it recently arrived in North America, where our crows and other birds have yet to develop any immunity.
	www.naba.org /wnvirus.html (2299 words)

	West Nile Virus Website
		WNV is closely related to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) which is found in the United States and to Kunjin virus (KV) which is found in Australia, some Western Pacific islands and parts of South East Asia.
		West Nile virus was first detected in North America in 1999 in New York, and in Pennsylvania in 2000.
		West Nile virus cases in Pennsylvania occur primarily in the mid summer or early fall, although mosquito season is usually April-October.
	www.westnile.state.pa.us /health.htm (1305 words)

	West Nile Virus in Illinois
		West Nile virus emerged in the United States in the New York metropolitan area in the fall of 1999.
		In Illinois, West Nile virus was first identified in September 2001 when laboratory tests confirmed its presence in two dead crows found in the Chicago area.
		The best way to prevent West Nile encephalitis and other mosquito-borne illnesses is to reduce the number of mosquitoes around your home and neighborhood and to take personal precautions to avoid mosquito bites.
	www.idph.state.il.us /envhealth/wnv.htm (430 words)

	West Nile Virus Facts
		It is an infection caused by West Nile virus, which is spread to people by the bite of a mosquito infected with West Nile virus.
		West Nile virus was first detected in the United States in 1999, when at least 62 cases and seven deaths from West Nile virus were reported in the New York City area.
		This virus is spread by the bite of a West Nile virus infected mosquito.
	www.westnilevirusfacts.org /factsheet.html (499 words)

	West Nile virus
		West Nile virus is an arbovirus (short for arthropod-borne virus) that causes encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
		West Nile virus was first identified in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937, and has since been found in other parts of Africa, Eastern Europe, West Asia, the Middle East, and the United States.
		West Nile virus is not transmitted directly from animal to person, person to animal, animal to animal or person to person; however, rare instances of transmission via organ transplantation, blood transfusion, transplacental infection, and breastfeeding have been reported.
	www.avma.org /communications/brochures/wnv/wnv_brochure.asp (903 words)

	USACHPPM - Main
		West Nile Encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease that was first identified in the New York area in 1999.
		West Nile encephalitis is an infection of the brain caused by West Nile virus, which is commonly found in Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East.
		West Nile virus is closely related to the St. Louis encephalitis virus that is routinely found in the United States.
	chppm-www.apgea.army.mil /westnilevirus (229 words)

	West Nile Virus
		The West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and has since rapidly spread across the North Americcan continent into all 48 continental states, seven Canadian provinces, and throughout Mexico.
		Statistically, a person's risk of contracting West Nile is low, and less than 1% of those infected develop serious illness from the virus.
		Find out the latest West Nile Virus news in your state, and where to report a dead bird.
	westnilevirus.nbii.gov (226 words)

	West Nile Virus
		West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne infection that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of brain tissue) and/or meningitis (swelling of the tissue that encloses the brain and spinal cord).
		Native to parts of the Old World, WNV was first detected in North America in the summer of 1999, in New York City, NY; a dead crow at the Bronx Zoo was one of the first harbingers of what was to come.
		West Nile virus transmission in resident birds, Dominican Republic.
	www.audubon.org /bird/wnv (746 words)

	West Nile Virus
		West Nile virus appeared during the summer of 1999 in the New York City area causing the hospitalization of 62 people and resulting in 7 deaths.
		West Nile virus, known since the late 1930s, is widely distributed throughout the world.
		It is currently thought that West Nile virus is maintained primarily in the bird population by mosquitoes.
	www.entomology.cornell.edu /MedEnt/WestNileFS/WestNileFS.html (1396 words)

	West Nile Virus
		West Nile encephalitis is a mosquito-borne infection of the brain caused by West Nile virus, a close relative of St. Louis encephalitis virus.
		In 2003, the number of West Nile disease human cases fell to 54 and only one death and in 2004, there were 60 human cases and four deaths.
		All residents in areas with West Nile virus activity are at risk of getting West Nile disease; those at highest risk of severe disease are persons 50 years of age or older and those whose immune systems are weakened by illness or medical treatment (for example, chemotherapy).
	www.idph.state.il.us /public/hb/hbwestnile.htm (1284 words)

	West Nile virus causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment on MedicineNet.com
		West Nile encephalitis is an infection of the brain that is caused by a virus known as the West Nile virus.
		West Nile virus had not been previously reported in the U.S. prior to an outbreak in New York in September, 1999.
		The American strain of the virus is almost indistinguishable from a virulent strain found in a goose on an Israeli farm in 1998.
	www.medicinenet.com /west_nile_encephalitis/article.htm (526 words)

	Emerging Disease Issues - West Nile Virus
		West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne virus that primarily infects and multiplies in birds.
		West Nile virus was first discovered Uganda in 1937, and has recently spread beyond its traditional boundaries to Europe and the United States.
		West Nile Virus is carried by birds and is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
	www.michigan.gov /emergingdiseases/0,1607,7-186-25805---,00.html (278 words)

	West Nile Virus
		West Nile Virus symptoms can be very mild ranging from a small fever and flu-like symptoms or it can result in permanent neurological affects or even death.
		Many people worry that the virus may be contagious, however there is no evidence to suggest that it can be spread from person to person or from animal to person.
		Tick borne West Nile Virus is a serious cause for concern in North America.
	www.west-nile-virus-prevention.com (403 words)

	APIC \| West Nile Virus
		WNV strains circulating in 2000 were homogeneous with respect to one another and to a strain isolated in 1999.
		WNV was cultured from the brains of convalescent hamsters up to 53 days after initial infection, suggesting that persistent virus infection occurs.
		WNV was isolated from Aedes vexans, Culex pipiens, Cx.
	www.apic.org /Content/NavigationMenu/PracticeGuidance/Topics/WestNileVirus/West_Nile_Virus.htm (4507 words)

	West Nile Virus
		WNV was first isolated in 1937, from a woman in the West Nile province of Uganda in Central Africa.
		WNV was first detected in a single dead crow in Jefferson County, FL, collected on June 18, 2001, heralding the arrival of West Nile to Florida.
		Louis and West Nile encephalitis epidemics and outbreaks in Florida have proved that an effective means of reducing human infection is to widely disseminate accurate information through the media to educate the public.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IN117 (1600 words)

	West Nile Virus: Reducing the Risk
		WNV is one of a group of disease-causing viruses called flaviviruses, which are spread by insects, usually mosquitoes.
		Even in areas where WNV is circulating, not all mosquitoes become infected with it, and human infection does not occur in all individuals exposed to mosquitoes.
		WNV is usually only present in the blood before symptoms and antibodies develop and can be detected, according to Goodman.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2003/103_virus.html (2651 words)

	Home
		The disease caused by the virus was first described in Africa in 1937, with outbreaks occurring later in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
		West Nile virus is maintained in nature through a complex life cycle involving wild birds and mosquitoes.
		The new 2004 case definition includes the non-neuroinvasive form of arboviral infection (such as West Nile virus fever), and recognizes that arboviral infections involving the central nervous system may result in meningitis or encephalitis, with or without additional signs of brain dysfunction.
	www.dhss.mo.gov /WestNileVirus (284 words)

	West Nile Virus Symptoms
		A: West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord).
		West Nile virus is not spread by person-to-person contact such as touching, kissing, or caring for someone who is infected.
		For example, you cannot get West Nile virus from touching or kissing a person who has the disease, or from a health care worker who has treated someone with the disease.
	www.westnilefever.com /west_nile_virus_symptoms.htm (492 words)

	West Nile Virus
		West Nile is a virus that is spread by the Culex species of mosquito.
		West Nile virus is not transmitted from person to person.
		Once virus activity is discovered in an area — even before the first case of human disease is reported — mosquito control measures can go into effect, including the widespread spraying of pesticides against adult mosquitoes and larvae.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/firstaid_safe/outdoor/west_nile.html (1005 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: West Nile virus
		West Nile virus is a disease spread by mosquitos.
		West Nile virus was first identified in 1937 in Uganda in eastern Africa.
		West Nile encephalitis or meningitis has the potential to lead to brain damage and death.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/007186.htm (857 words)

	West Nile Virus Facts
		Cases of West Nile virus are predicted to increase during this mosquito season.
		West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito, and can infect people, horses, many types of birds, and some other animals.
		The virus spread rapidly south and west throughout 2002, and in 2003 West Nile virus made it's way across the entire country.
	www.westnilevirusfacts.org (834 words)

	CBC News In Depth: West Nile Virus
		West Nile virus is carried and spread by mosquitoes and can cause fatal inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the membranes covering the brain or spinal cord (meningitis) in more than 100 bird species, and nine mammals, including humans, horses and gorillas.
		West Nile virus was discovered in the West Nile area of Uganda in 1937, then spread to Mediterranean and temperate parts of Europe.
		Birds are the unwilling hosts of this virus and scientists' say that as the birds follow their migration paths north, they'll bring West Nile with them into parts of Canada and into brand new mosquito populations.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/westnile (2853 words)

	West Nile virus - CNN.com
		Although the exact mechanism of illness is unknown, West Nile virus probably enters the host's bloodstream, multiplies and moves on to the brain, crossing the blood-brain barrier — a barrier that separates the blood from the central nervous system.
		Although donated organs are not yet screened for West Nile virus, blood donor screening for West Nile was instituted in 2003, substantially reducing the risk of infection from blood transfusions.
		In temperate regions, West Nile virus follows a seasonal pattern that begins in late spring, with the peak time for infection occurring in late summer and early fall — usually August and September.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00438.html (1580 words)

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		Without this it is not possible to state that a virus is present in organisms that have the disease, it is not possible to know what the virus is composed of, and it is not possible to know whether it, and it alone, is sufficient to cause disease in another organism.
		The 1999 papers on West Nile Virus in the journal Science [Anderson 1999, Lanciotti 1999] claim that it has been isolated, but their frequent use of this word in no way corresponds to the normal definition of separating one thing (the purported virus) from everything else (including the cells that it might infect).
		Jim West, another activist, has focused his attention on the use of MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) as a gasoline additive to reduce smog, noting that the majority of cases in birds and humans were in areas with high levels of pollution, where MTBE is used.
	www.mercola.com /2001/oct/3/west_nile_virus.htm (3723 words)

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