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	The Norse
		Although the Norse conquered and settled areas in northern England, northern France, Russia, Ireland, Scotland, the Orkneys, Iceland, Greenland, and even settled as far as North America in the west and Byzantium in the east, only Iceland and Normandy in the north of France became permanent, lasting polities under the Norse settlers.
		The Norse who had the temerity to sail west beyond the coast of England found an island warmed by vulcanism and the Gulf Stream that was ripe for the picking.
		It was among Icelanders that Norse religion held on the longest—the Icelanders were not converted to Christianity until 1000 when the Norwegian king, Olafr Tryggvason, sent missionaries to Iceland and held several Icelanders hostage in order to force conversions.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/NORSE.HTM (2846 words)

	Germanic Languages
		East Norse is the eastern branch of the North Germanic languages used in Denmark and Sweden and their present and former colonies.
		From there the West and East Goths migrated to southern Gaul, Iberia, and Italy in the fifth and sixth centuries C. The Gepids were overcome by the Lombards and Avars in the fifth century and disappeared.
		West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Danish_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Old East Norse is in Sweden called Runic Swedish and in east Denmark Runic Danish, but until the 12th century, the dialect was roughly the same in the two countries.
		A change that separated Old East Norse (Runic Swedish/Danish) from Old West Norse was the change of the diphthong Ã¦i (Old West Norse ei) to the monophthong e, as in stÃ¦in to sten.
		StÃ¸d generally occurs in words that have "accent 1" in Swedish and Norwegian and that were monosyllabic in Old Norse, while no-stÃ¸d occurs in words that have "accent 2" in Swedish and Norwegian and that were polysyllabic in Old Norse.
	www.school-explorer.com /Danish (2808 words)

	Hurstwic: Norse Literature
		Norse people must have loved stories, and some of the stories and poems they and their descendants wrote about themselves still survive.
		Old Norse is the root language from which the modern Scandinavian languages descended, and is a close relative of modern English, Dutch, and German.
		Norse poetry does not have the regular rhythm and end-rhyme that one conventionally associates with poetry, but rather uses alliteration and irregular stress which falls on the most significant words in each line.
	www.hurstwic.org /history/articles/literature/text/literature.htm (4162 words)

	Old Norse language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Its modern descendants are the West Norse languages of Icelandic, Neo-Norwegian (nynorsk), Faroese and the extinct Norn language of the Orkney and the Shetland Islands as well as the East Scandinavian languages of Swedish, Danish and Norwegian (bokmål/riksmål).
		The earliest inscriptions in Old Norse are runic, from the 8th century (although there are 200 inscriptions in Proto-Norse going as far Back as the 2nd century), and runes continued to be used for a thousand years.
		This difference was the main reason behind the dialectalization that took place in the 9th and the 10th century shaping an Old West Norse dialect in Norway and the Atlantic settlements and an Old East Norse dialect in Denmark and Sweden.
	old-norse-language.iqnaut.net (2537 words)

	Northvegr - Holy Language Lexicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		O.N. Old Norse, the Norwegian language as written and spoken c.100 to 1500 C.E., the relevant phase of it being "Viking Norse" (700-1100), the language spoken by the invaders and colonizers of northern and eastern England c.875-950.
		This was before the rapid divergence of West Norse (Norway and the colonies) and East Norse (Denmark and Sweden), so the language of the vikings in England was essentially the same, whether they came from Denmark or from Norway.
		West African, languages of the Guinea coast and inland regions of Africa, the principal source of slaves for the European colonies in the New World.
	www.northvegr.org /holy/abbrev.php (2566 words)

	Lesson One
		The aim of the course is to aid beginning students of Old Norse in building up sufficient basic knowledge for the student to be able to start studying on his own after the course.
		Thus the nominative in Norse serves as subject and compliment and the accusative as object and prepositional.
		In Norse this is not so, the word order is quite free, mainly because the information about which word plays which role is given by grammatical endings (cases and more) whereas English relies on word order to convey this information.
	www.hi.is /~haukurth/norse/olessons/lesson1.php?colors=1 (2466 words)

	The Norse Source :: A Website of West Norse Info
		Theses three groups spoke a common tongue: Old Norse, but this tongue began to separate in small ways, and soon East Norse was spoken in Denmark and most of Sweden, while West Norse was spoken in Norway.
		Before the history of the West Norse Vikings can be explored, the geography must be examined, for the lives of the Norse and the Viking warfare were shaped by the formations of the land.
		Had the Norse come from a more arable land, they may have never became developed their ship-building skills, and all affects of the Vikings would be nonexistent.
	www.freewebs.com /vikingprince (1922 words)

	Norse Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Norse religion has thus continuously been an important part of the creation of a Nordic identity and of Nordic perspectives on Europe.
		The project is therefore geared to the modern construction of Old Norse religion, and to the ritual and conceptual world of the past.
		The basic perspective for the project is that what is normally called "Old Norse religion" is a modern umbrella term for ritual practice and mental attitudes which varied considerably in both time and place.
	www.ark.lu.se /oldnorsereligion/eng/content.asp?content=pre (329 words)

	Rob's Old Norse Page
		Old Norse is the language spoken and written by the inhabitants of Scandinavia around 1000 A.D. and earlier.
		You should note that English is in the West Germanic Group along with its close relatives German and Dutch, and, at the next level, the West Germanic languages are related to Old Norse and Gothic.
		You should study Old Norse because it is your best source of information in understanding how early Germanic people thought, what their world was like, and what was important to them, and it is your best source for understanding the early history of all Germanic languages, including German, English, and the Scandinavian languages.
	odin.bio.miami.edu /norse (3003 words)

	GameStats: Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings
		GameStats: Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings
		Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings
		In NORSE BY NORTHWEST, you take control of three Vikings that you must lead through a series of increasingly difficult mazes.
	www.gamestats.com /objects/000/000656 (203 words)

	Old Norse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its modern descendants are the West Scandinavian languages of Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian and the extinct Norn language of the Orkney and the Shetland Islands as well as the East Scandinavian languages of Danish and Swedish.
		Best known are the Norse sagas, the Icelanders' sagas and the mythological literature, but there also survives a large body of religious literature, translations into Old Norse of courtly romances, classical mythology, the Old Testament, as well as instructional material, grammatical treatises and a large body of letters and official documents.
		Old West Norse was also characterized by u-umlaut, which meant that for example Proto-Norse tanþu was pronounced tǫnn and not tann as in Old East Norse*.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Norse (3073 words)

	Norse Texas.
		Cleng Peerson, the man who is known as the "Father of Norwegian Immigration" is buried in the churchyard at Norse.
		At one time Norse was the largest and most successful Norwegian settlement in Texas.
		The isolated families soon centered their social life upon a scattered group of buildings, including a rock school and a few stores, which they named Norse.
	www.texasescapes.com /CentralTexasTownsNorth/NorseTexas/NorseTexas.htm (249 words)

	Old Norse language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Old Norse, the language of the Vikings, is a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles.
		The modern language most closely related to Old Norse is Icelandic, the written form of which has changed little over the years, while the spoken form has undergone significant changes.
		Between 800 and 1050 AD a division began to appear between East Norse, which developed into Swedish and Danish, and West Norse, which developed into Norwegian, Faroese, Icelandic and Norn, an extinct language once spoken in Shetland, Orkney, and northern parts of Scotland.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/oldnorse.htm (284 words)

	Vikings Info
		This is shown by the small size of their garbage heaps (the Norse always dumped their garbage just outside the door), in sharp contrast to the huge garbage middens found in Iceland and Greenland where the Norse lived for a long time.
		The notion that the Norse were free spirits in whose blood it was to explore for the sake of exploration is 19th-century fiction.
		Among the Norse artifacts preserved in the bog were three butternuts, and one burl of butternut wood.
	members.tripod.com /rchsmuseum/vikings.htm (6788 words)

	Old Norse Online
		Old Norse and the West Germanic languages also show the pervasive traces of umlaut, which is absent in Gothic.
		Matters of locale become quite a bit easier after Old Norse speakers start to migrate from the area of Denmark and Sweden, for then their exploits are recorded, either by the Norse themselves, or by other people of Europe upon whom they made an impression.
		Old Norse is a catch-all term for Old Icelandic, Old Norwegion, Old Swedish, Old Danish, and Old Gotlandic, though it is often used as a synonym for Old Icelandic because the majority of documents come from this region.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/eieol/norol-0-X.html (1858 words)

	The Viking Influence Upon The English Language
		Norse warriors who sailed the seas to the west, that is, to the British Isles and Iceland, and even to Greenland and North America, were called Vikings, while those who went east to Russia were called Varangians.
		The language spoken by the Norse of that period is called Old Norse, which had three dialects, West Old Norse, East Old Norse and Old Gutnish, this latter being relative to the Swedish island of Gotland.
		West Old Norse is virtually identical to Old Icelandic.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/oct/article316.html (623 words)

	softrat
		Afrikaans is a contemporary West Germanic language developed from seventeenth century Dutch in the Cape region.
		West Norse can be further divided into Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian, while East Norse developed into Old Danish and Old Swedish.
		Old Norse was a Western North Germanic language used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, the Orkneys, Shetland (see Norn), and the Faroe Islands from approximately the tenth to the thirteenth century.
	www.hum.uit.no /a/svenonius/lingua/history/history_3.html (3160 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Old Norse Men's Names
		Formed from Aga-, represented in Old West* Scandinavian as agi, "awe, terror" or possibly a German origin as ag-, "point, weapon point." The second element -mundr comes either from Old West* Scandinavian *-munduR, "protector" or possibly from Old Icelandic mundr meaning "gift." Found in Old Swedish as Aghmund and in OW.Norse as Ögmundr.
		This name is common as a West Scandinavian name from the earliest period onwards, and the short forms Aun and Auni were used.
		The second element -sveinn is identical to Old Icelandic sveinn, "young man," often used to mean "young warrior." The term is related to the archaic English term "swain." Runic examples include the nominative form barksuain and the accusative form bersen.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /ONMensNames.shtml (8890 words)

	American Realities, Norse Settlers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In describing the many sources used to investigate Norse civilization the essay provides an introduction to the complexity and challenge of reconstructing the past.
		Few records survive from these early societies, but we know enough to recognize that the story of the Norse settlements is one of the most interesting chapters in the history of European contact with America and anticipates, in some ways, the later history of European colonization.
		Directly across the open sea on the Labrador coast, some three days' sail to the west, Norse workers are felling trees to replenish Greenland's scant supply.
	www.narhist.ewu.edu /ar/norse/norse.html (555 words)

	Viking History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This larger ethnic identity was both political and linguistic and the Norse Germanic tribes would distinguish themselves from each other sometimes based on larger political organizations and sometimes based on the language they spoke.
		This was not the case, however, with the Norse who settled Iceland for that forbiddingly distant island was uninhabited.
		The Norse invaders particularly devastated the northern area of France along the English Channel.
	www.stoneandspirit.com /viking/history.htm (4265 words)

	GameSpy: Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings
		Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings (PS)
		Each Viking has his own area of expertise: Erik is very fast and has the ability to jump, Baleog is a warrior with a sword and mace, and Olaf has a shield he can use to block attacks.
		By continuing past this page, and by your continued use of this site, you agree to be bound by and abide by the User Agreement.
	cheats.gamespy.com /playstation/norse-by-norsewest (248 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Names of Scandinavians in the Byzantine Varangian Guard and in Russia
		Norse Names from Runic Inscriptions for Men Who Went To Byzantium
		From the beginning of the Viking Age, there were enough differences between the Old Norse spoken in western Scandinavia to differentiate the western dialect from that of eastern Scandinavia.
		The Medieval Names Archive section on Scandinavian names includes guides to how Old Norse names were put together, as well as several sources of documented names from the Viking Age and medieval Scandinavia.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /VarangianNames.shtml (1197 words)

	Names of Scandinavians in the Byzantine Varangian Guard and in Russia
		Norse Names from Treaties between Byzantium and the Rus
		Note that the names listed in this article are presented in their normalized Old West Norse forms (OW.Norse, the language used in Norway, Iceland, and other parts of western Scandinavia), which is the standard scholarly way of presenting Old Norse names.
		The differences in Old West Norse and Old East Norse (OE.Norse, the language used in Sweden, Denmark, and other parts of eastern Scandinavia) increased noticably after 1000.
	www.s-gabriel.org /names/gunnvor/varangian (1195 words)

	Lesson Seven
		We have already mentioned that the West Norse language forms are different from those of East Norse.
		One that might interest the English reader is that West Norse dropped the 'v' in 'vr' clusters early on but East Norse has preserved it to the present day.
		For the student of Old Norse the most visible difference is that Old Norwegian texts are usually published in their manuscript spelling - unlike Old Icelandic texts which are usually normalised.
	www.hi.is /~haukurth/norse/olessons/lesson7.php?colors=1 (1586 words)

	IGN: Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings
		Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings Cheats
		Find out what other IGN readers have to say about Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings.
		Connections for Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings (PS)
	psx.ign.com /objects/002/002093.html (330 words)

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