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	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Apache, Western
		Apache oral traditions contain some references to the north, but religion, ritual, religious practices, and sacred locals described in oral traditions are all located in the Southwest and northern Mexico, indicating ancient familiarity with the area.
		Western Apache and closely related Navajo are considered to be two distinct languages, each with multiple dialects.
		Many Apaches voluntarily moved to these reservations because the alternatives were extermination or starvation, but others were forcibly removed from their giant concentration camps, with Indians from a number of different bands and territories crowded together.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/apache-western.html (2204 words)

	Apache - MSN Encarta
		The Apache are closely related to the Navajo (Diné); both peoples separated from other Athapaskans in western Canada and migrated to the southwestern United States sometime between 1200 and 1500.
		The last band of Apache raiders, led in ensuing years by the Chiricahua warrior Geronimo, was hunted down in 1886 and sent first to Florida, then to Alabama, and finally to the Oklahoma Territory, where they settled among the Kiowa-Apache.
		Western Apache tribes were matrilineal, tracing descent through the mother; other groups traced their descent through both parents.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552000/Apache.html (719 words)

	Apache Nation - Crystalinks
		Apache is the collective name for several culturally related tribes of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak a Southern Athabaskan language.
		The primitive Apache was a true nomad, a wandering child of Nature, whose birthright was a craving for the warpath with courage and endurance probably exceeded by no other people and with cunning beyond reckoning.
		At Apache Pass in 1862, Cochise and Colorado, with 500 fighters, held their ground against a force of 3000 California volunteers under Carleton until artillery fire was brought to bear on their position.
	www.crystalinks.com /apache.html (3320 words)

	People of the Colorado Plateau-The Western Apache
		During the spring, the Apache parties traveled, sometimes a great distance, to harvest mescal; in May they planted crops and reactivated irrigation ditches; in July they often went to harvest saguaro fruit in the Gila Valley of what is today Arizona; and in late July they moved month for a month-long harvest of acorns.
		Crook subsequently pursued the Apache into every corner of their territory and during the winter of 1872-73 succeeded in confiscating and burning most of their stores of cornmeal, dried meat, wild seeds, and roasted mescal which were their entire winter diet.
		The San Carlos Reservation was established in one of the lowest and hottest parts of the territory of the San Carlos Apache, and well to the south of the vast forests of pinon-juniper and ponderosa pine and the sacred mountains which were the deepest sources of Apache identity and culture.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /People/western_apache.htm (728 words)

	Apache. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Navajo, who also speak an Athabascan language, were once part of the Western Apache; other groups E of the Rio Grande along the mountains were the Jicarilla, the Lipan, and the Mescalero groups.
		In W New Mexico and Arizona were the Western Apache, including the Chiricahua, the Coyotero, and the White Mountain Apache.
		The Eastern Apache were driven from their traditional plains area when (after 1720) they suffered defeat at the hands of the advancing Comanche.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ap/Apache.html (472 words)

	White Mountain Apache Culture Center and Museum
		Originally established in 1969, the White Mountain Apache Cultural Center stands as a monument to the Tribe's historical resiliency and ongoing commitment to celebrate and perpetuate Apache heritage.
		It is the mission of the Apache Culture Center to foster an appreciation for the history and cultural traditions of the White Mountain Apache, within the reservation community and beyond, through exhibits and educational programs.
		Apache concepts of space were used to inform the layout of the exhibit, which is color coded to the four directions (East-Black, South-Green, West-Yellow and North-White) Audio recordings of Apache stories, songs and interviews.
	www.wmat.nsn.us /wmaculture.shtml (720 words)

	Apache Men
		In 1875, he was appointed one of four Apaches whose job involved policing the Apache people as an aid to their self-government and survival.
		The Western Apache wanted to keep the peace so that they would be allowed to hold on to their lands.
		During the summer of 1881 Apache scouts had been slipping away from camp to participate in these dances, and the army was uneasy.
	www.peabody.harvard.edu /maria/Apachemen.html (944 words)

	Apache
		Interestingly, the Apache people actually called themselves the Dine meaning the People, but by other nations they were called the Apache, which is Zuni for “enemy”. They became fierce fighters; they traveled in small bands and became great hunters of buffalo, deer, lizards, and just about any other plains and desert animals.
		This treaty would place the Apaches on an Arizona reservation leaving only small bands of Apache raiders to defend their territory. The Apache raiders were led by Chief Geronimo, who was considered the last great chief of the Apache nation. He and his raiders, terrorized the Southwest until they were finally captured in 1886.
		The Apache culture is similar to the Navaho Nation due to their shared family line. The center of their culture is self-importance. Because of this self-importance, raiding was not only encouraged but was enjoyed.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/apache.html (513 words)

	Apache Native Americans of the Southwestern Deserts - DesertUSA
		The Western Apaches, whose range lay far west of major trails and settlements, was almost beyond reach of the Spanish through the 17th and 18th centuries.
		Unlike other Athapaskan descendants, the Western Apaches did not fear the coyote; rather, they thought of the animal as a humorous and beloved metaphor for both the virtues and the foibles of the human species.
		The Western Apaches chose their chiefs, said Basso, on the basis of "strength of character, an ability to promote consensus within the group, and the exemplary fashion in which they conducted their own lives." They subscribed to the values of industriousness, generosity, impartiality, forbearance, conscientiousness and eloquence.
	www.desertusa.com /ind1/du_peo_apache.html (1032 words)

	Apache Corporation News
		Apache President and Chief Operating Officer G. Steven Farris and Western Geophysical President Richard C. White have signed an informal agreement forging a much closer working relationship between the two companies.
		The first project to be undertaken by the alliance is a comprehensive analysis of acquisition and processing parameters in Egypt's Western Desert, where Apache has extensive operations and is the largest leaseholder in the country, with interests in 28 million acres.
		Apache's Chief Geophysicist Mike Bahorich, says the Western Desert project is the highest priority of the Apache-Western alliance because of its bottom-line impact.
	www.apachecorp.com /content/news_releases/1997/PR_19970805.htm (474 words)

	Southern Athabaskan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western subgroup consists of Western Apache, Navajo, Mescalero, and Chiricahua.
		Western Apache (especially the Dilzhe'e variety) and Navajo are closer to each other than either is to Mescalero/Chiricahua.
		Nasal vowels are indicated by an ogonek (or nasal hook) diacritic ˛ (borrowed from Polish orthography) in Western Apache, Navajo, and Mescalero, while in Jicarilla the nasal vowels are indicated by underlining the vowel and in Fort Sill Chiricahua nasal vowels are indicated with a cedilla.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages (1078 words)

	Apache History
		The Western Apache (Coyotero) traditionally occupied most of eastern Arizona and included the White Mountain, Cibuecue, San Carlos, and Northern and Southern Tonto bands.
		One author's characterization of the Mescalero Apache people of the past is as follows: They moved freely, wintering on the Rio Grande or farther south, ranging the buffalo plains in the summer, always following the sun and the food supply.
		Western Apaches living near the Pueblo Indians became farmers.
	www.impurplehawk.com /apache.html (1310 words)

	Apache - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apache is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the United States, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak a Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) language.
		Between 1720-1726, it referred to Apaches between the Rio Grande in the east, the Pecos River in the west, the area around Santa Fe in the north, and the Conchos River in the south.
		The Apache as a group were a powerful people, anxious to defend their territory and constantly villigant with any population that was encroaching on their living area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apache (3805 words)

	Developing an Apache Language Textbook
		Incidentally, it should be noted that Western Apache, like most other Native languages of the United States, has quite a few short booklets or pamphlets that teach children or adults to read and write.
		To conclude, Western Apache might be the only major Native language of the Southwest with no Type 2 textbooks at all for the adult level, and with no Type 3 textbooks for any level.
		While the main purpose of our text is to teach elementary conversational Western Apache with some emphasis on reading and writing, I also wanted it to be used to teach some of the linguistics of Western Apache to Apache students and speakers.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_11.html (4068 words)

	Apache Language (Mescalero, Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Western, Plains, and Kiowa Apache)
		Apache is an Athabaskan (Na-Dene) language of the American Southwest.
		Chiricahua-Mescalero is considered by some people to be a dialect of Western Apache, by others a separate language; the three forms of Eastern Apache (Jicarilla, Lipan, and Plains Apache) are considered by some to be distinct languages and by others to be dialects of a single Eastern Apache language.
		Apache history is interesting and important, but the Apaches are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary art as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
	www.native-languages.org /apache.htm (410 words)

	Western Apache Language and Culture: Essays in Linguistic Anthropology
		His essays on the Apache language as it is spoken by the Cibecue Apache of northeastern Arizona are remarkable for their use of diverse theoretical perspectives to provide insights into underlying culturally given meanings.
		Basso, a major authority in the field of linguistic anthropology, has drawn on fieldwork at the village of Cibecue, whose residents speak a dialect of Western Apache that is spoken nowhere else.
		These essays illustrate not only the complexity of a particular cultural world as it has emerged to one observer over a protracted period of intensive fieldwork, but also the natural movement from the study of grammatical categories to that of language use and on to the study of the conceptual system underlying it.
	www.uapress.arizona.edu /BOOKS/BID35.htm (355 words)

	[No title]
		The Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache are two tribes, closely related in both language and culture, who formerly lived in adjacent areas of southern New Mexico and Arizona.
		Texts 11 to 21, 24 to 30, and 32 to 34 were told by Sam Kenoi; 22, 23, 31, and 35 to 38 by Duncan Belacho; and 1 to 10, and 39 by Lawrence Mithlo.
		The first purpose of these notes is to enable the reader to isolate the Apache words from their context and to associate them with their English counterparts.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /apache/frames/intro.html (1317 words)

	APACHE!!!! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Apache were composed of six regional groups: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Kiowa Apache.
		In 1680 the Apache population was estimated at 5,000; in 1993 it was estimated that those on or near reservations numbered about 31,500.
		In admiration for the Apache Nation, the boys of our Indian Guide group voted unanimously in 1997 to call themselves "the Apaches." Fathers and sons have participated in activities which foster the traditions of respect for nature, honor for the family and justice for all.
	home.att.net /~alan.kaul/apache.html (375 words)

	Peace River Films: The Apache Diaries
		Throughout the 1920's stories of captured children and bloodshed marked the escalating violence in the remote mountains, culminating in a sensational murder and kidnapping in 1927.
		Grenville Goodwin (1907 - 1940) was a well-known and respected ethnographer of the Apaches.
		He was the author of The Social Organization of the Western Apache; Myths and Tales of the White Mountain Apache, Western Apache Raiding and Warfare.
	www.prfi.com /apachediaries.shtml (449 words)

	Apache language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Apache is an Athabaskan (Na-Dene) language spoken by about 15,000 in Arizona and New Mexico.
		There are in fact two Apache languages: Western Apache and Eastern Apache, each of which has a number of dialects, including Jicarilla, Lipan, Kiowa-Apache, Chiricahua, and Mescalero.
		The name Apache probably comes from the Yuma word for "fighting-men" and/or from apachu, which means "enemy" in Zuni.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/apache.htm (142 words)

	Apache Baskets
		Of all the baskets of the southwest region, early three rod coiled Apache baskets of the Western Apache and Yavapai Apache are the most collectible.
		Apache children were sent to government schools and discouraged from traditional weaving.
		Apache burden baskets like this late 19th century example are still made by the Apache today.
	www.indianterritory.com /pages/apache.htm (1144 words)

	Western Mountaineering Apache - For Sale Here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Western Mountaineering Apache and other WM sleeping bags are among the finest in the world.
		Western Mountaineering Apache, other Western Mountaineering sleeping bags, as well as all other bags sold here, are described, reviewed, and available for purchase, on-line.
		The Western Mountaineering Apache as well as other Western Mountaineering sleeping bags are reviewed here and presented with details and which make your shopping experience easier.
	www.backpacking.net /apache.html (154 words)

	Western Apache (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		San Carlos Apache woman Western Apache refers to the similar Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona.
		Western Apache also refers to the Southern Athabaskan language spoken by these people.
		Western Apache is related to Other Southern Athabaskan languages like Navajo, Chiricahua Apache, Mescalero Apache, Lipan Apache, Plains Apache, and Jicarilla Apache.
	western-apache.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1046 words)

	west apache, marina
		The Apache live in a landscape with hills, mountains and Canyons, in which also exist woods, valleys with rivers and deserts.
		Around their head they have a darkred headband.The Apache were tough and tireless warriors, who assimilate to the rough living conditions in the desert.
		But in addition, the Apache had never adapted completely to a Plain culture.They were nearly the only tribe, who accept female chiefs.
	members.aol.com /nacanapah/apache.htm (950 words)

	Western Apache - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Western Apache refers to the similar Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona.
		Goodwin (1938) claims that the Western Apache can be divided into five groups based on dialect:
		Grenville Goodwin's preface to Myths and Tales of the White Mountain Apache
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Apache (140 words)

	UNM Press Books
		Apache conceptions of wisdom, manners and morals, and of their own history are inextricably intertwined with place, and by allowing us to overhear his conversations with Apaches on these subjects Basso expands our awareness of what place can mean to people.
		For more than thirty years, Keith Basso has been doing fieldwork among the Western Apache, and now he shares with us what he has learned of Apache place-names--where they come from and what they mean to Apaches.
		Guiding us vividly among the landscapes and related story-tellings of the Western Apache, Basso explores in a highly readable way the role of language in the complex but compelling theme of a people's attachment to place.
	www.unmpress.com /Book.php?id=770 (572 words)

	NPS Archeology Program: Common Ground Online
		As conceived by Apaches from Cibecue, the past is a well-worn "path" or "trail" which was traveled first by the people's founding ancestors and which subsequent generations of Apaches have traveled ever since.
		Thus performed and dramatized, Western Apache place-making becomes a form of narrative art, a type of historical theater in which the "pastness" of the past is summarily stripped away and long-elapsed events are made to unfold as if before one's eyes.
		Detached from the local Apache landscape, it has few spatial anchors, and when places are identified, as often they are not, their names are not their own; it is history loosely situated, geographically adrift.
	www.cr.nps.gov /archeology/cg/vol3_num2-3/wisdom.htm (1632 words)

	Ethnologue report for ISO 639 code: apa
		It encompasses a collection of related languages that are conventionally called by the given name.
		We have mapped this to all languages of the Apachean genetic subgroup of the Na-Dene family that are known as "Apache".
		This corresponds to all of the languages from that subgroup less Navajo, which we assumed the creators of the apa code would not have had in mind (and which has its own code, [nav]).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_iso639.asp?code=apa (208 words)

	Western Apache-English Dictionary: Generated Bilingual Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This exhaustive bilingual dictionary is the culmination of years of collaboration between educators, linguistic scholars, and community informants of the White Mountain and San Carlos Apache communities.
		Among these are the teaching of Western Apache to children, the retention and expansion of the oral and written languages, and the preservation of traditional ceremonial songs and oral history.
		In addition to the dictionary proper, which consists of two sections (Apache-English and English-Apache), the volume includes practical phonetic transcriptions and a pronunciation guide, clarifies current writing conventions for Western Apache, and gives a practical morphosyntactic description of key features of the language (e.g., verb constructions, affixes, pronominal constructions, and particles).
	www.asu.edu /clas/hrc/bilingual.press/backlist/educ/DBray.html (205 words)

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