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Topic: Western Australian Legislative Council

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	About Australia
		The lower house is known as the Legislative Assembly (House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania) and the upper house is known as the Legislative Council.
		Approximately 58% of Australians between the ages of 25 and 64 have vocational or tertiary qualifications and the tertiary graduation rate of 49% is highest of OECD countries.
		Australian English is a major variety of the language; its grammar and spelling are largely based on those of British English, overlaid with a rich vernacular of unique lexical items and phrases, some of which have found their way into standard English.
	www.australiantest.com /page4/page4.html (4490 words)

	Western Australian Legislative Council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of parliament in the Australian state of Western Australia.
		When Western Australia gained responsible government in 1890, a bicameral system was adopted, and the Legislative Council became a house of review for legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly.
		This Council consisted of 15 members, all nominated by the governor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Council (765 words)

	Western Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Western Australia, state in western Australia, the largest in the country, bounded on the north, west, and south by the Indian Ocean and on the east by the state of South Australia and the Northern Territory.
		Western Australia is the most sparsely settled state in Australia and one of the most sparsely settled regions in the world.
		Legislative power is vested in a parliament of two houses-the Legislative Council, consisting of 34 members elected for six years, and the Legislative Assembly, consisting of 56 members elected for three years.
	www.ovayonda.net /lodging/state/au-wt.html (657 words)

	Dictionary of Australian Biography Ca-Ch
		Governor Denison (q.v.) held that as a representative of the government in the legislative council Chapman should have supported its transportation policy and virtually dismissed him, though he gave him leave of absence on half pay until the question could be referred to the secretary of state.
		He was elected to the legislative council as a member for Hobart at the end of 1850, and in September 1856 became a member of the house of assembly at the first election under responsible government.
		On 1 December Childers moved, in the legislative council, that a committee of seven should be appointed to consider the establishing of the university, and on 11 January 1853, as chairman of this committee, he submitted its report.
	www.gutenberg.net.au /dictbiog/0-dict-biogCa-Ch.html (18632 words)

	Western Australia (Australia)
		The Western Australian state flag was created as a colonial flag - a British Blue Ensign with the badge of the colony added to the blue field.
		Western Australia's first flag, adopted in 1870, was little different from its current flag - it had the fl swan facing towards the fly of the flag rather than the hoist.
		Flags Australia's letter was referred by the Bill sponsors to officials in the Western Australian Government, who agreed that Royal Assent of the Bill should be delayed and the Schedule 2 drawing should be replaced with a new drawing that accurately reflects the correct technical specifications of the Western Australian state flag.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/au-wa.html (2052 words)

	Pictures of How-To-Vote Cards
		The picture on the left is of a how-to-vote-card issued by the ALP in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Vasse for the February 10, 2001 election.
		Council electorates are multi-member, so the parties lists of candidates for voters to choose from.
		The picture on the right is of a how-to-vote card issued by the ALP in the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Cook for the february 17, 2001 election.
	www.australianpolitics.com /elections/htv/htv-cards-pictures.shtml (224 words)

	Australian PR
		The Australian government has a three-tier system that is based on the Westminister tradition with the addition of a separation of powers to ensure a system of checks and balances.
		The Australian Federal government consists of three major parts: a bicameral Legislature comprised of the House of Representatives (the Lower House) and the Senate (the Upper House), an Executive (Governor-General) who is the representative of the Queen, and the Judiciary.
		Australian government is still very much in the control of the party who can garner the highest majority in a single member electorate.
	www.duke.edu /web/poli/classes/proprep/australiatext.htm (1102 words)

	Parliament@Work - Western Australia
		When the Legislative Council first became an elected body in 1893, the only people with the right to vote were adult males who owned property in the colony.
		The Western Australian Coat of Arms was granted in 1969 by Queen Elizabeth II of England.
		The Western Australian flag originated in 1875 and consisted of the British blue ensign, with the Union flag occupying the upper corner and the State Badge centrally situated in the other half of the flag.
	www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au /wa.php3 (1204 words)

	Paul Strangio \| Labor and Reform of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1950–2003 \| Labour History, 86 \| The ...
		The legislation's chief purpose was reform of Victorian Labor's historical nemesis, the Legislative Council.
		The history chronicled by Serle in his 1954 article suggested that the role performed by the Legislative Council in Victorian politics during its first century was exactly as the framers of Victoria's Constitution had intended it — a restraint on the democratic urges of the Legislative Assembly.
		Costar's contention that the 1984 legislation stripped the Council of the power to force an early election during the fixed three-year portion of the Assembly term is further discussed in Stone, 'Bicameralism and Democracy', pp.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lab/86/strangio.html (9711 words)

	Legislative Council Background. South Australia Election 2006. Antony Green Election Guide. Australian Broadcasting ...
		Before self-government was granted to the Australian colonies in the 1850s (1890 in Western Australia), Legislative Councils served as local consultative bodies for the colonial Governor.
		Voting in the Council election was voluntary until 1985, though as the election was held in conjunction with the House of Assembly, very few people failed to vote for the Council.
		The Council's electoral system is a form of proportional representation, where the number of seats elected is roughly proportional to the number of votes received.
	www.abc.net.au /elections/sa/2006/guide/lchistory.htm (2880 words)

	The Western Australian System of Government
		Each Western Australian voter therefore has one Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the district in which they live, and all the Members of the Legislative Council (MLC) for the region in which they live.
		It is bicameral; that is, it comprises two Houses: the Legislative Assembly (commonly known as the lower House) and the Legislative Council (commonly known as the upper House).
		The Legislative Council traditionally is referred to as the Upper House of Parliament.
	www.anawa.org.au /politics/wa-government.html (300 words)

	Legislative Council Summary. Antony Green Election Guide. Western Australia 2005. Australian Broadcasting Corporation ...
		Failure to agree on changes to the Council and on the voting rights of the Council President led to the passage of the electoral amendments being judged unconstitutional for not having had the required absolute majority.
		A key point to remember with the Legislative Council's electoral system is that the final vacancy in each region, in some cases the final two, will be decided by preferences.
		The Council was refomed in 1963 and 1964, so that there would in future be two members elected from each province for six year terms, one retiring every three years meaning elections could be held jointly with the Legislative Assembly.
	www.abc.net.au /elections/wa/2005/guide/lcsummary.htm (1447 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In the case of Western Sahara there is theoretically no restriction to the non-geographic factors to be applied in determining its offshore jurisdiction.
		T[H]e question of Western Sahara is one of the most sensitive, if not the most sensitive, on the current agenda of the United Nations Security Council.
		The function was hosted by the President of the Legislative Council, the Hon Dr. Meredith Burgmann, MLC, who had led the Australian delegation.
	www.lycos.com /info/western-sahara--security-council.html (636 words)

	Information Sheet No.16 - A New Electoral System for Victoria’s Legislative Council - Parliament of Victoria
		The STV style of proportional representation is also used to elect the Australian Senate and the New South Wales, Western Australian and South Australian Upper Houses.
		Previously, in Legislative Council (and Assembly) elections, Victorian voters were required to mark the ballot paper with their first choice candidate by placing a “1” in the box next to that candidate's name.
		They were then required to write a “2” in the box next to their second choice, “3” for their third choice, and so on until all boxes next to the names of the candidates on the ballot paper had been numbered.
	www.parliament.vic.gov.au /council/info_sheets/New_system.htm (1231 words)

	Western Australian Railway History
		Western Australias rail history began when a few private operators built timber lines to the coast for export of the tough western australian Jarrah hard wood.
		From the outset Western Australia was governed by an executive committee of three appointees.
		This is an odd name for one of Western Austrailias most western lines, but the point is that it headed east from the center of population, Perth.
	www.arach.net.au /~ckam/trains.html (922 words)

	Australia: Too many open questions: Stephen Wardle's death in police custody - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Amnesty International urges the Western Australian State Government to respond positively to a recommendation made in June 1996 by a Legislative Council Select Committee on the Western Australian Police Service to grant a thorough and fully independent, judicial inquiry into both Stephen Wardle's death and subsequent alleged police harassment and intimidation of his family.
		Under existing legislation, police officers have been able to influence the scope and direction of internal police and coronial investigations, as well as the list of witnesses and the presentation, and omission, of evidence at the Coroner's court.
		Western Australia's Chief Forensic Pathologist later responded to media enquiries about his investigations into Stephen Wardle's death and was quoted as saying "[i]f the police had called in expert medical advice, instead of simply dismissing the kid as a drunk, he would still be alive.
	www.web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/index/ASA120131996 (8461 words)

	Australian Region Western Wine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Australian wine has become a major player in recent years, taking the American market by storm with its upfront fruit, clear flavors, australian region western wine and eminent drinkability.
		Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council - In Western Australia, a Member of the Legislative Council or MLC is a person elected to sit in the Western Australian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Parliament of Western Australia.
		Western Region Football League - The Western Region Football League is an Australian rules football amateur league, based in the western suburbs of Melbourne, for both seniors and juniors.
	sh87.aamaa.info /australianregionwesternwine.html (1084 words)

	[No title]
		Amnesty International urges the Western Australian State Government to respond positively to a recommendation made in June 1996 by a Legislative Council Select Committee on the Western Australian Police Service to grant a thorough and fully independent, judicial inquiry into both Stephen Wardle's death and subsequent alleged police harassment and intimidation of his family.
		Under existing legislation, police officers have been able to influence the scope and direction of internal police and coronial investigations, as well as the list of witnesses and the presentation, and omission, of evidence at the Coroner's court.
		Western Australia's Chief Forensic Pathologist later responded to media enquiries about his investigations into Stephen Wardle's death and was quoted as saying "[i]f the police had called in expert medical advice, instead of simply dismissing the kid as a drunk, he would still be alive.
	www.amnestyusa.org /document.php?lang=e&id=0164AB86E7A89304802569000068A2B6 (8206 words)

	Direct Election of Candidates for Election
		The countback system used in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, which preserves the intention of the majority of voters who contributed to the quota that elected the vacating candidate, and minimizes the work involved in a manual count, is recommended for this purpose.
		Western Australian Legislative Council, also meets the direct election criterion, and it is more convenient for some computer-based counts.
		Filling casual vacancies by party nomination or other indirect means, as occurs for elections to the Senate and the South Australian, New South Wales and Victorian Legislative Councils is a regression from earlier democratic practices in that regard.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~prsa/history/direct_e.htm (672 words)

	Women
		Australian women, women in the land of mateship, the 'Ocker', keg-culture, come pretty close to top rating as the 'Doormats of the Western World'
		It appears that just as Australian women are slowly moving out of their homes and into the workplace, so too they are moving into the social mainstream.
		A quick word of advice: unless you are an Australian male aged 70 or above, it would be very difficult to use this word in a shelia's presence without causing offence.
	www.australianbeers.com /culture/women.htm (2274 words)

	Daily Education News @australia.edu
		The Australian Education Union says a looming teacher-shortage crisis in Tasmania will be exacerbated unless the State Government acts quickly on a pre-election promise to bring wages more into line with mainland teachers.
		Australians who applied for Olympic tickets faced an agonising wait after revelations yesterday that premier events, including all athletics finals and swimming and gymnastics sessions, had been over-ordered.
		Australian troops in East Timor will be reinforced by hundreds of reserves and new recruits as part of a strategy that highlights a prime ministerial pledge to become Washington's peacekeeping "deputy" in Asia.
	www.australia.edu /Archive/1999/230999.html (527 words)

	Greens leader delighted at recount victory \| Vic \| The Australian
		THE national leader of the Australian Greens, Senator Bob Brown, said today he was delighted his party had won three seats in Victoria's upper house.
		The vital third seat, which has effectively gives the Greens the balance of power in Victoria's Legislative Council, was won after a recount of votes in the Western Metropolitan region.
		Reforms to the chamber meant blocked legislation would go to a committee while the upper house would have no power to reject the budget bills.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20926177-5006785,00.html (457 words)

	RangeVoting.org - Australian politics
		The Australian Democrats, Greens, One Nation, Family First, Christian Democrats) are often able to hold Senate seats thanks to the multiwinner PR system used to elect it, but have usually been unable to hold House seats thanks to the fact that they are elected using IRV.
		We conclude that third parties are almost totally unsuccessful in Australian IRV seats (1 seat out of 564) but independents have won 33 seats (5%).
		According to Australians who helped us, the Independents usually got there, just like in the USA, by having disputes with their major parties causing them to part ways.
	rangevoting.org /AustralianPol.html (787 words)

	Victory! Sweeping Legal Reform in Western Australia
		I thought I’d let you know that the Western Australian Parliament has just passed the biggest gay and lesbian law reform Bill in Australian history, which is about to receive the Royal Assent.
		Western Australia will be in a unique position to allow same-sex couples access to the Family Court due to it being the only State in Australia with its own Family Court legislation.
		The legislation was passed by the Labor Government (elected last year in Western Australia), with the support of the Greens in the Upper House.
	www.sodomylaws.org /world/australia/aualert001.htm (674 words)

	Web Page - A Message from the President of the Legislative Council
		The Legislative Council was Western Australia's first governing and legislative body and met for the first time on 7 February 1832, less than three years after the first British settlers arrived.
		Originally, the Legislative Council consisted of five appointed members and was presided over by the Governor of the colony.
		The Legislative Assembly was established and the Legislative Council was re-constituted as the upper House of the colony's Parliament.
	www.parliament.wa.gov.au /web/webpages.nsf/3917e5c473463fbc48256d1900129e54/b4444d9ca56dc69648256d7200300ddf?OpenDocument (357 words)

	WORLD VOTES
		An A+ grade for a legislator who voted for a hate crimes bill was easy to achieve, some very anti-gay legislators vote for hate crimes legislation.
		An F- grade for a legislator who voted for a same-sex marriage ban may have been a hard vote to cast, a legislator could loose their seat in the next election if they voted against it.
		On the other hand, no legislator was forced to cast a vote on these issues, they could have left the chamber or not showed up to avoid casting a vote.
	www.actwin.com /eatonohio/gay/worldvotes.html (399 words)

	Western Australian Electoral Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		It is designed to ensure that the mix of successful candidates in a multi-member electorate reflects as closely as possible the proportional break-up of all the valid votes cast in an election.
		If at any stage there are no candidates with a surplus of votes and not all Council seats have been filled, the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded from the count.
		This process of distributing surplus votes from elected candidates and excluding the candidate with the fewest votes is continued until all vacancies are filled.
	www.waec.wa.gov.au /voting/factSheet22.htm?section=voting&content=factSheet22.htm (364 words)

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