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Topic: Western Group of the Armed Forces

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	Red Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This organization became the army of the Soviet Union after the establishment of the USSR in 1922, and eventually grew to form the largest army in the world from the 1940s until the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991.
		On September 17, 1939 the Red Army marched its troops into the western Belarusian and Ukrainian territories controlled by Poland in the interbellum, using the official pretext of coming to the aid of the Ukrainians and the Belarusians threatened by Germany[1], which had attacked Poland on September 1, 1939.
		Soviet forces suffered heavy damage in the field as a result of poor levels of preparedness, which was primarily caused by a reluctant, half-hearted and ultimately belated decision by the Soviet Government and High Command to mobilize the army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_Army (5121 words)

	Canadian Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike the armed forces of Canada's closest allies -- the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and New Zealand -- the Canadian Forces is a single organization with a unified command structure.
		The CF reserve force comprises the Primary and Supplementary Reserves, the Canadian Rangers and the Cadet Instructor Cadre and is represented, though not commanded, at the national level by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets (a Major General or Rear Admiral).
		The CF maintains a "total force" policy as outlined in the 1994 Defence White Paper, where reservists are (in theory) trained to the level of and interchangeable with their regular force counterparts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canadian_Forces (5117 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Polish Armed Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Polish Armed Forces consist of the Army (Wojsko Lądowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna) and Air Force (Siły Powietrzne) branches and are under the command of the Ministry of Defense (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej).
		One of the biggest problem facing the Polish Army Forces is the transition from a draft-based to a professional army, and elimination of "fala", or the bullying of young conscripts by older ones.
		Polish Armed Forces took part in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and since then have 2,500 soldiers in the south of that country, and command of the 17-nation Multinational force in Iraq.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Polish_Armed_Forces (720 words)

	Group of Soviet Forces in Germany / Western Group of Forces (WGF)
		During the Cold War the westernmost and most formidable concentration of Soviet armed might outside the borders of the Soviet Union was the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany [GSFG], later renamed the Western Group of Forces (WGF).
		The importance that the Soviets attach to their position in East Germany was underscored by the disparity in size between the GSFG and the other Soviet groups of forces in Eastern Europe.
		The Northern Group of Forces in Poland, for instance, comprised three divisions, the Central Group of Forces in Czechoslovakia numbered six divisions, and the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary had four divisions.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/gsfg.htm (423 words)

	Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organizations
		Linked to the Kashmiri militant group al-Faran that kidnapped five Western tourists in Kashmir in July 1995; one was killed in August 1995, and the other four reportedly were killed in December of the same year.
		This followed the groups' statements in support of Dr. Baruch Goldstein's attack in February 1994 on the al-Ibrahimi Mosque--Goldstein was affiliated with Kach--and their verbal attacks on the Israeli Government.
		Group has well-documented ties to narcotics traffickers, principally through the provision of armed protection for coca and poppy cultivation and narcotics production facilities, as well as through attacks on government narcotics eradication efforts.
	www.state.gov /s/ct/rls/rpt/index.cfm?docid=2801 (5841 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - Iraqi group seizes 10 Turks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The group threatened in a videotape obtained by Aljazeera to kill the captives if the company failed to cease operations and pull out of Iraq within three days.
		Earlier in the day, another Iraqi group threatened to kill two Americans and a British man held captive unless female prisoners in Abu Ghraib and Um Qasr prisons were released within 48 hours.
		The seizing of the three men was the latest in a string of high-profile abductions of westerners in Iraq.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/EE9272AB-0A2B-4D93-A6AF-5A8941440A3E.htm (337 words)

	Rights group urges engagement with western areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Most people in the west were emphatic in their rejection of the ADF rebellion, but local political and ethnic tensions had both contributed to and been aggravated by the rebellion; underdevelopment and youth unemployment had also "created a sense of desperation in some communities", which created fertile ground for rebel recruitment, it stated.
		Improved security in the short run in western areas left no room for complacency - especially as the amnesty had not yet been sufficiently publicised or backed up by the government - and should be followed up with "substantial commitments aimed at improving social and economic conditions in the region", according to African Rights.
		Rural areas of western Uganda are remote in terms of access to trade, transport and communications, and the underdevelopment of the region has "intensified both the conflict itself and its social and economic impact", according to its report.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=18150 (753 words)

	Armed Islamic Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		An Islamic extremist group, the GIA aims to overthrow the secular Algerian regime and replace it with an Islamic state.
		The GIA hijacked an Air France flight to Algiers in December 1994, and suspicions centered on the group for a series of bombings in France in 1995.
		GIA has been linked to Usama Bin Laden's Al-Qaida, with the first "student" being trained in the Sudan by Al-Qaida in January of 1994, and later funds were traced from Bin Laden's headquarters (at the time) in Khartoumb, Sudan to a London cell of the GIA.
	www.milnet.com /tgp/data/gia.htm (281 words)

	3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne)
		The 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne) was activated at Fort Bragg, NC on 29 June 1990.
		In the mid-1990s the Third Special Forces Group had as its responsibility all of the Caribbean and all of the western part of the continent of Africa.
		Members of 1st Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Group, were tasked in May 2002, with training several battalions of the New Afghan National Army at the Afghan Military Academy in Kabul, Afghanistan, before commissioned and noncommissioned Afghan officers assume responsibility for training future Afghan soldiers.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/army/3sfg.htm (912 words)

	Cuban Armed Forces Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		López Miera is a close and loyal ally of Army General Raul Castro, sparking the speculation that he might succeed Raul as defense minister of the armed forces.
		However, this also might be a message to the civil-technocrats within the Cuban government that the armed forces are in full control of the country and its defense minister Army General Raúl Castro is in full command of the military.
		Their principal mission is repel an armed attack by a foreign invader in the capital of Havana without relying on the armed forces as well as quelling any uprisings in the capital.
	www.cubapolidata.com /cafr/cafr.html (684 words)

	Why More Special Forces Are Needed for Low-Intensity War
		Furthermore, the use in these missions of U.S. Army Special Forces operating from U.S. Navy vessels illustrated the importance of maintaining well trained, integrated forces for a variety of possible contingencies Recent decades have witnessed the powth of low-intensity conflict as a The task for the U.S. and its allies is to develop creative.
		Armed with machine guns and rockets, these helicopters are much quieter than regular helicopters and carry night vision devices.
		Air Force special forces consist mainly of the 2nd Air Division, much of which is headquartered at Hurlburt Field in Florida: This division consists of a special, air s uadron of MC-130 Combat Talons for transport of ground, and an 53 Pave, Low helicopter squadron for.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/bg616.cfm (3809 words)

	Jihad Group
		Abbud al-Zumar, leader of the original Jihad, is imprisoned in Egypt and recently joined Sheikh al-Rahman, in a call for a "peaceful front." The goal of all Jihad factions is to overthrow the government of President Hosni Mubarak and replace it with an Islamic state.
		The Jihad groups in Egypt receive funds for their activities from various countries, including Iran, Sudan, and militant Islamic groups in Afghanistan, including Osama bin Ladin.
		In view of the grave threat posed by the Jihad factions to the Egyptian regime, and due to the large number of terrorist attacks for which they were responsible, the Egyptian security forces have given top priority to their war on the organization.
	www.ict.org.il /organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=18 (537 words)

	FARC's 'Sure Shot' leader still at helm after 40 years
		Over 40 years, Marulanda, 76, turned a group of 48 armed farmers in southern Colombia into what was to become today's 17,000-strong FARC, which has fought the government and right-wing paramilitaries in a civil war that has claimed more than 200,000 lives.
		He took up arms as a teenager after several relatives died in political violence that followed the 1948 assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, a leftist political leader.
		FARC was born four years later, on May 27, 1964, when Marulanda's group of 48 armed farmers came under attack from the military in Marquetalia, a town in southern Colombia.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040527102948.ppt79hbm.html (523 words)

	deseretnews.com \| U.S. forces in Algeria hunting for al-Qaida
		WASHINGTON — U.S. special forces are hunting for Islamic militants linked to al-Qaida along Algeria's southern border with Mali in a little-known military operation aimed at destroying a key North African recruiting hub for Osama bin Laden's global terrorist network, according to U.S. and Algerian officials.
		The group, also known by its acronym, GSPC, was founded in 1998 at the urging of bin Laden as an offshoot of the Armed Islamic Group, the violent domestic opposition to the Algerian government.
		Many of the group's members, estimated to be as high as 3,000 fighters, are believed to be veterans of bin Laden's Afghanistan training camps.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595048198,00.html (989 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Middle East / Group admits attack on U.S. forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The military wing of al-Zarqawi's Tawhid and Jihad group claimed 100 of its fighters attacked U.S. forces on Monday in al-Saqlawiya, 43 miles west of the Iraqi capital.
		The U.S. military on Tuesday announced that three Marines assigned to the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force were killed while on duty in western Iraq.
		An armed vigilante group, calling itself "Salvation Movement," threatened on Tuesday to kill al-Zarqawi for insurgency attacks that have killed Iraqis, making the first internal threat against the Jordanian militant.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2004/07/07/group_admits_attack_on_us_forces (351 words)

	The army in ancient Egypt
		The resurgence of Egyptian power after the occupations of the country by Libyans, Kushites and Assyrians was mostly based on the hiring of foreign mercenaries from the east and north: Ionians and Carians, Jews, Aramaeans, Phoenicians and others.
		During the battle of Kadesh the Hittite charioteers seem to have abandoned the pursuit of Ramses and the remnants of his forces in order to plunder the Egyptian camp, which gave the pharaoh time to reorganize his forces and drive the Hittites back towards Kadesh.
		Forces were even smaller in the local conflicts between the rulers of the various city states of Retenu, where the intervention of a single batallion could, at least in the opinion of Rib-Addi, ruler of Byblos, change the fortunes of the whole region.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/timelines/topics/army.htm (3242 words)

	Embassy of France in the US -National Defense
		Earthquake in Pakistan October 8, 2005: the French Armed Forces participated in the rescue of the populations in Pakistan, with the deployment of a first aid medical center and surgical facilities, as well as the transport of UN humanitarian freight from Turkey.
		On November 3, the NRF air component deployed a GHF (Ground handling facilities) in Lahore (400km from Islamabad): this French Air Force and Army team was tasked with facilitating the ground transit of the aid convoyed by the NRF.
		The French Armed Forces in the Caribbean are closely coordinating with the U.S. Joint Inter Agency Task Force South to counter all kinds of illegal trafficking.
	www.ambafrance-us.org /atoz/defense.asp (2478 words)

	baltimoresun120903 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The group, known as the Mujahedeen Khalq, or MEK, has been at the center of a dispute within the Bush administration, with the State Department supporting a tough stance against it but some Pentagon officials viewing it as a way to pressure Iran.
		Critics say the group is a violent sect-like organization that blends Marxism and Islam, while Western supporters have viewed it as one of the toughest opponents of the Iranian government.
		There have been claims that members of the group are still armed and conducting attacks into Iran from Iraq with the acquiescence of U.S. forces.
	www.iran-interlink.org /files/News/baltimoresun120903.htm (363 words)

	Jordan - Government - The Armed Forces
		Although the army has converted from a conscript to a professional force since the signing of peace with Israel, it offers enough benefits and services to keep the combined manpower of Jordan’s armed forces at about 88,000 active soldiers, not including reserves.
		The Armed Forces Department of Education: This department runs 19 schools, often in secluded and poor areas of Jordan, providing students with meals and shelter.
		The armed forces assist the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Agriculture in digging wells and constructing dams such as the Jilat Dam and the Swaqa Dam, the latter which has the capacity to hold 2.5 million cubic meters of water.
	www.kinghussein.gov.jo /government5.html (1014 words)

	Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		UN Security Council Resolution 242 (November 1967), calls for "withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict" (Six-Day war); and UN Security Council Resolution 446 (March 1979), declared settlements on the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights to be "illegal".
		The IDF is considered one of the strongest Military Force in the Middle East and among the most technologically advanced in the world.
		Many of the arms used by the IDF are Israeli-invented and Israeli-made, such as the legendary Uzi, Merkava tank, and advanced aerospace technologies such as IAI Ofek satellites.
	israel.iqnaut.net (5016 words)

	Picard: English for the South African Armed Forces
		With the need for the integration of five former statutory forces, and at least two former non-statutory forces, aspects such as bridging-training for those members less qualified (including literacy, basic English and numeracy training) and affirmative action to open up employment and promotion opportunities to those who qualify for these, are very real challenges.
		With the establishment of the Union Defence Force (UDF) wto military traditions, that of the British Army and that of the armed forces of the former Boer republics were united in 1912, giving rise to a military naming function that had to provide for both traditions.
		The National Defence Force, through its Names Society established in 1990 as a branch of the Names Society of Southern Africa, is at present revising its nomenclature policy for in its names of units, towns, streets and equipment it must reflect the entire South African Society, both historically and culturally.
	www.und.ac.za /und/ling/archive/pica-01.html (2618 words)

	CFE : Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty
		The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) is a complex instrument which established a military balance between the two groups of States by providing equal ceilings for major weapons and equipment systems, namely for each group in the whole area from the Atlantic to the Urals:
		The Treaty stipulates that arms or equipment beyond the agreed limits have to be destroyed so that within 40 months from entering into force the limits will have been reached.
		They led to the Concluding Act of the Negotiation on Personnel Strength of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (so-called CFE-1A agreement), establishing limits on the manpower of certain kinds of forces, excluding, however, sea-based naval forces, internal security forces, or forces serving under UN command.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/cfe/index.html (654 words)

	60 policemen kidnapped in western Iraq: 24 killed in bombing -DAWN - Top Stories; 18 November, 2004
		The policemen were seized on Sunday as they returned from training in Jordan, one of only two men who managed to escape the ambush said on Wednesday.
		They were staying in a hotel near the Jordanian border in western Iraq when they were attacked by a group of 20 armed men, said the policeman from the southern town of Karbala.
		Iraq's security forces are the target of almost daily attacks by militants.
	www.dawn.com /2004/11/18/top13.htm (367 words)

	Russia Reform Monitor No. 943, June 28, 2002
		Kholodov was probing illegal arms sales within the Russian armed forces’ Western Army Group and reportedly uncovered evidence implicating Pavel Grachev, the then Defense Minister, Matvei Burlakov, ex-commander of Russian forces in Germany, and the GRU (military intelligence).
		A group of liberal opponents of Russian President Vladimir Putin have denounced the Duma’s recent passage of a law permitting community service as an alternative to regular military service.
		The PRIMA information agency reports that the group, which included Liberal Russia party co-chairman Sergei Yushenkov, has warned the law would in fact contribute to the militarization of society.
	www.afpc.org /rrm/rrm943.htm (493 words)

	LAPD AUTHORS - Los Angeles Police Department Authors
		The first specific Los Angeles police force was founded in 1853 as the Los Angeles Rangers, a volunteer force that assisted the existing County forces.
		Neither force was particularly efficient and Los Angeles became known for its violence, gambling and "vice".
		The modernizer Arthur C. Hohmann was made chief in 1939 and resigned in 1941 after the notorious strike at the North American Aviation plant in Inglewood, in which he refused to use the LAPD as strikebreakers.
	www.lapdauthors.com (4315 words)

	Iran: Exiled Armed Group Abuses Dissident Members (Human Rights Watch, 18-5-2005)
		Meanwhile the MKO’s political wing, the National Council of Resistance, which is based in France, continues to lobby the U.S. government and EU countries to remove this designation and lift the restrictions that have ensued.
		From Washington to Brussels, the group is presenting itself as a “democratic alternative” to Iran’s government.
		The MKO was founded in 1965 as an Islamic urban guerrilla group to challenge the shah’s government.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2005/05/18/iran10967.htm (721 words)

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