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	Western Hemlock
		Hemlocks in general are not recommended for use in extremely urban settings because of heat, salt and pollution sensitivity.
		Western hemlocks are resistant to hemlock woolly adelgid, an insect which ravages Canadian and Carolina hemlocks.
		Western hemlocks, grown from a cold-hardy (high altitude in Montana) seed source, are available from Western Maine Nurseries in Maine.
	www.uri.edu /ce/factsheets/sheets/sustwesthem.html (615 words)

	Trees of The Idaho Forest: Western Hemlock
		Western hemlock grows best in cool, moist areas, and is relatively shade-tolerant.
		The bark of the western hemlock is relatively thin.
		The western hemlock is valued as a commercial species because its softwood features straight, fine grain and is non-rensious.
	www.idahoforests.org /hemlock.htm (132 words)

	Tree Book - Western hemlock
		Western hemlock tolerates shade and grows abundantly underneath mature trees, where it provides an important source of food for deer and elk.
		Hemlock bark is rich in a substance useful for tanning hides.
		Western hemlock is not related to poison-hemlock, the weed which killed Socrates.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /hfd/library/documents/treebook/westernhemlock.htm (376 words)

	Western Hemlock -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is the largest species of (An evergreen tree) hemlock, with the next largest ((Large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock) Mountain Hemlock T.
		It is closely associated with (A rain forest in a temperate area) temperate rain forests, and most of its range is less than 100 km from the (The largest ocean in the world) Pacific Ocean.
		The tallest specimen, 78.9 m tall, is in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, (A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes) California ((The army of the United States of America; organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare) USA).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/we/western_hemlock.htm (354 words)

	Stem Fluting of Western Hemlock in Southeast Alaska
		Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees with severely fluted trunks are often seen in the forests of southeast Alaska, but until recently, little was understood about the cause or distribution of fluted stands in the region.
		Fluted western hemlock growing in England are the progeny of trees in coastal British Columbia and southeast Alaska.
		Western hemlock trees in suppressed or intermediate positions in the canopy exhibit mild degrees of fluting.
	www.fs.fed.us /r10/spf/fhp/leaflets/Stefluweshem.htm (1028 words)

	[No title]
		Western water-hemlock is the most common of three native species of water hemlock that occur in British Columbia.
		Western water-hemlock has an asymmetrical bulb with narrow chambers containing a clear oil (cicutoxin) which turns bright orange when it is exposed to air.
		Western water-hemlock has white to greenish-coloured flowers formed in a compound umbel (umbrella-shaped flower head); it is bractless (no leaves at base of flower heads).
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /cropprot/whemlock.htm (354 words)

	Western Hemlock : Keele University Arboretum
		Hemlocks are closely related to spruces and their timber is mainly used in paper making.
		When the larger trees fall the Western Hemlock is quick to fill their place, and continues to form a dense understory of saplings.
		The foliage of the Western and Eastern Hemlocks is very similar, being rather Yew-like in appearance and having two white lines beneath.
	www.keele.ac.uk /university/arboretum/trees/western_hemlock.htm (313 words)

	Landowner Fact Sheets - western hemlock
		Western hemlock is a valuable conifer native to humid areas of the Pacific Northwest and the upper Rockies.
		Western hemlock's wood properties are very conducive to quality lumber and pulp products.
		Western hemlock is the primary source of alpha cellulose fiber, used in the manufacture of rayon, cellophane, and many plastics.
	www.fw.vt.edu /DENDRO/landownerfactsheets/detail.cfm?genus=Tsuga&species=heterophylla (214 words)

	Western -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Though basically an American creation, the western had its counterparts in the gaucho literature of Argentina and in tales of the settlement of the Australian outback.
		A region of unresolved sovereignty, Western Sahara lies on the Atlantic to the south of Morocco in northwestern Africa.
		Explores the western's mystique, recurrent themes and elements, and the cinematic contributions of its prominent filmmakers, including John Ford and Sergio Leone.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9277708 (685 words)

	Research Branch - Publications - western hemlock
		The potential of improving western hemlock pulp and paper quality: I. Genetic control and interrelationships of wood and fibre traits.
		Ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island.
		Root structure of western hemlock and western redcedar in single- and mixed-species stands.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /hre/pubs/index/140.htm (1967 words)

	WWPA Western Hemlock - Hem-Fir.
		Hem-Fir is a species combination of Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and five of the True Firs: California Red Fir (Abies magnifica), Grand Fir (Abies grandis), Noble Fir (Abies procera), Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis), and White Fir (Abies concolor).
		Western Hemlock can be easily distinguished from other conifers in Western forests by its downward sweeping branches and drooping top.
		Sometimes Western Hemlock may have a slight lavender cast, especially around the knots and in the transition area between the spring and summerwood growth rings.
	www.wwpa.org /hemfir.htm (4205 words)

	Western hemlock Information
		Western Hemlock are great for when you're looking to get better at western hemlock for selfish purposes.
		Western hemlock is one of many tree species in...
		Western Hemlock, also known as West Coast Hemlock or Pacific Hemlock, was discovered by botanist Stephen L. Endlicher in 1847.
	western.2greatsite6.info /western-home-decor/western-hemlock.html (248 words)

	Western Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Western Hemlock is also known as the Pacific Hemlock or West Coast Hemlock.
		Western Hemlock needs to grow in an area with a moisture laden atmosphere and cool summer temperatures which is why it is happy in the northwest U.S. Its shallow rooting system makes it susceptible to being blown over by wind as well as being damaged by fire.
		Its annual growth rate is 12 to 18 inches.The Western Hemlock is the state tree of the state of Washington.
	www.yardener.com /WesternHemlock.html (165 words)

	hemlock on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The poison hemlock and water hemlock are herbs of the family Umbelliferae (carrot family) of the division Magnoliophyta.
		Effect of high-temperature drying on bending and shear strengths of western hemlock lumber.
		Volume recovery, grade yield, and properties of lumber from young-growth Sitka spruce and western hemlock in southeast Alaska.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/h1/hemlock.asp (497 words)

	Breitsprecher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Western hemlock's staminate-cone buds were generally breaking on 21 Apr 97, the first day observations were made.
		Western redcedar is the first tree to pollinate at Wind River.
		Western redcedar dispersed pollen during the third week of March, about one and one-half months ahead of the other conifers.
	depts.washington.edu /wrccrf/presentations/Breitsprecher.html (2768 words)

	Decomposition and nutrient release from green needles of western hemlock and Pacific silver fir in an old-growth ...
		Decomposition constants (k values) after 61 months were 0.26 and 0.20 yr-1 for western hemlock needles in the lower and upper watershed, respectively, and 0.22 and 0.19 yr-1 for Pacific silver fir needles in the lower and upper watershed, respectively.
		Sarg.) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forb.) needles in an old-growth rainforest ecosystem in the western Olympic Mountains, (ii) the influence of temperature and substrate chemistry on decomposition, and (iii) the fate of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, in decomposing green needles.
		Bags containing either western hemlock and Pacific silver fir needles were placed randomly in 0.1 ha circular plots in the upper (at 725 m elevation) and lower watershed (at 275 m elevation) on July 23, 1986.
	www.onrc.washington.edu /clearinghouse/metadata/edmonds/litterdecomp.htm (959 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Tsuga heterophylla
		The cones of Mountain Hemlock are 1 to 3 inches in length and distinctly cylindrical.
		Native Range: Western Hemlock is an important commercial tree species of the Pacific coast and northern Rocky Mountains.
		Inland it grows along the western and upper eastern slopes of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington and the west side of the Continental Divide of the northern Rocky Mountains in Montana and Idaho north to Prince George, British Columbia.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/tsuga/Thetero.htm (346 words)

	Western Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Evergreen conifer growing to 70 metres in height in its native western North America.
		It has a narrow long crown and the top of the tree (the leading shoot) normally leans over to one side.
		Widely grown in plantations in Western Europe, it can tolerate lower levels of light than most other conifers.
	www.offwell.free-online.co.uk /tree_gallery/western_hemlock/western_hemlock.html (77 words)

	Western Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The western hemlock requires a lot of water, and generally thrives in coastal regions.
		The western hemlock grows in pure stands, or as the dominant species in a mixed stand.
		This beautiful tree is often used as an avenue tree in parks, in addition to being an important source of wood pulp and lumber.
	www.domtar.com /arbre/english/p_proue.htm (200 words)

	Plant Data Sheet
		Western hemlock occurs throughout the Pacific Coast Ranges from central
		Inland, western hemlock grows on the western and upper eastern slopes of the
		Western hemlock may be grown from seed or by layering or cuttings (Silvics of North America 1990).
	depts.washington.edu /propplnt/Plants/tsugahet.htm (502 words)

	Western Wear at Sheplers: the largest selection of cowboy boots, cowboy hats, men's and ladies' jeans, work boots, ...
		Western Wear at Sheplers: the largest selection of cowboy boots, cowboy hats, men's and ladies' jeans, work boots, western boots, western and cowboy hats, western shirts, western suits, western belts, western belt buckles, western d�cor, and other western wear clothing items.
		When we say "World's Largest selection of western wear", we mean the largest selection of: cowboy boots, cowboy hats, men's and ladies' jeans, work boots, western boots, western hats, western shirts, western suits, western belts, western belt buckles, western décor, and other western wear clothing items.
		Sheplers is also the place to shop the top western brands: Levis jeans, Wrangler jeans, Ariat boots, Justin boots, Tony Lama boots, Lucchese boots, and Stetson hats.
	www.sheplers.com (182 words)

	Trees of the World Boreal Forests - Tsuga heterophylla - Western Hemlock
		Native to both the east and west sides of the British Columbia Coast Ranges, from sea level to mid elevations, as well as in the interior wet belt west of the Rocky Mountains; usually in association with other tree species; tolerates shade and can grow on decaying wood or even raw humus.
		The wood of the Western Hemlock has an even grain and resists scraping, which makes it easy to machine.
		The scent of the crushed needles reminded early settlers of a European weed with a similar smell; hence the name "Hemlock".
	www.borealforest.org /world/trees/western_hemlock.htm (252 words)

	- Western Hemlock - ClicShop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When we tend to focus on the negative or to see the glass as half full, Western Hemlock reminds us to count our blessings.
		A tendency to be bitter and resentful, to feel cheated by life, especially in older persons, calls for Western Hemlock.
		Contains essence of Western Hemlock, in a base of spring water and 9.5% ethyl alcohol used as a preservative.
	www.essences.ca /securestore/c76564p9593380.2.html (81 words)

	Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System
		Western water-hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) is a native perennial plant found in wet soils in British Columbia.
		Panter, K. E., Keeler, R. F., Baker, D. Toxicoses in livestock from the hemlocks (Conium and Cicuta spp.).
		Adult humans can be poisoned and can die with only two or three bites of the rootstock (Starrveld and Hope 1975, James and Ralphs 1986).
	www.cbif.gc.ca /pls/pp/ppack.info?p_psn=40&p_type=all&p_sci=comm&p_x=px (344 words)

	Western Hemlock - Olympic National Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Western hemlock is one of many tree species in Olympic.
		As a highly shade tolerant tree, hemlocks can grow in low light conditions allowing them to slowly replace pioneer species like the Douglas-fir.
		In Olympic's lowland forests, the Western hemlock is considered a climax forest species, because it continues its lifecycle during and beyond the last stages of succession.
	www.nps.gov /olym/forest/tsuhet.htm (59 words)

	Western hemlock looper - Information page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Native to North America, this defoliating insect is found in British Columbia and is most common along the coast and in the Interior wet belt.
		Although western hemlock is its preferred host, western red cedar, Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce, and other conifers are also susceptible.
		Given that western hemlock is intolerant to defoliation, tree mortality can occur even after 1 year of heavy defoliation.
	www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca /cfs-scf/science/prodserv/pests/west_hemlock_looper_e.html (165 words)

	New York - Central & Western: Hemlock and Canadice Lakes
		A filtration plant at the north end of Hemlock Lake filters and purifies water before it is piped to Rochester.
		The forests that blanket the hillsides of Hemlock and Canadice lakes are some of the largest remaining forests in the Finger Lakes.
		In 2002, we purchased a 200-acre property of forests and gullies on the west side of Hemlock Lake, where the City’s ownership along the lake is at its narrowest—roughly 200 feet from the shoreline.
	nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/newyork/preserves/art13553.html (776 words)

	Search for products to control Western Hemlock based upon pesticides registered in various states to control Western ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Western Hemlock is a 'pest' (an unwanted organism) that can be controlled through the use of pesticides.
		Pesticides, such as products to control Western Hemlock, are regulated by State Departments of Agriculture.
		To find all products ever registered at EPA to control Western Hemlock: www.kellysolutions.com/epadata (login as username: 'Guest' and password: 'Guest' - your results will be limited to 5 items).
	www.kellysolutions.com /searchpests/Western_Hemlock.htm (421 words)

	The Symbols of Washington State
		The Portland Oregonian picked out the western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla for us, but Washington newspapers decided to choose their own and selected the popular western red cedar.
		The hemlock, he said, would become "the backbone of this state's forest industry." Adams' bill passed the Legislature and was signed into law in 1947.
		While many state symbols are readily identifiable with the western part of the state, bluebunch wheatgrass is a state symbol that is unique to eastern Washington.
	www.leg.wa.gov /legis/symbols/symbols.htm (2239 words)

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