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Topic: Western larch

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	Larch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Larches are conifers in the genus Larix, in the family Pinaceae.
		Larches are among the dominant plants in the immense boreal forests of Russia and Canada.
		Larch cones are erect, small, 1-9 cm long, green or purple, ripening brown 5-8 months after pollination; in about half the species the bract scales are long and visible, and in the others, short and hidden between the seed scales.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Larch (470 words)

	Trees of The Idaho Forest: Western Larch
		Western larch occurs in the Northern Rockies Ecoregion and in the northeast portion of the Middle Rockies Ecoregion.
		Western larches can grow to heights of 200 feet and to diameters of 7 feet, though more common examples are in the range of 150 high and 4 feet in diameter.
		An important timber species, western larch wood is used in applications where its strength and decay resistance are particularly useful, such as in mine framing, telephone poles, and railroad ties.
	www.idahoforests.org /weslarch.htm (330 words)

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		Larch dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium laricis (Piper) St. John) is a common and damaging parasite of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) in the Pacific Northwest and southern British Columbia.
		Larch dwarf mistletoe occurs commonly throughout the range of western larch in British Columbia, northern and central Idaho, western Montana and east of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon.
		Larch stands with a mean diameter of 9 to 15 in (23 to 38 cm) should be commercially thinned to basal area levels of about 90 ft2/ac (21 m2/ha) to increase growth and vigor of lightly infected trees and still meet minimum stocking levels for larch.
	nrs.wsu.edu /forestHealth/pathogen.asp?pathogenID=43 (2556 words)

	Alternative Medicine Review: Larch Arabinogalactan.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Larch arabinogalactan is a polysaccharide powder derived from the wood of the larch tree (Larix species) and comprised of approximately 98 percent arabinogalactan.
		The Western Larch is unique among pines in that it loses its needles in the fall.
		Western Larch is also known as Mountain Larch or Western Tamarack and is native to the Pacific and Inland Northwest United States as well as parts of British Columbia, Canada.[1] Larch...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:67150701&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (197 words)

	Larch Arabinogalactan
		Larch arabinogalactan refers to a polysaccharide derived from wood of the Western larch or Larix occidentalis.
		Larch arabinogalactan is not one substance but a mixture of several different arabinogalactans with molecular weights as low as 3,000 daltons and as high as 100,000 daltons.
		Larch arabinogalactan has shown some immune-enhancing activity in the laboratory, particularly with regard to the stimulation of human natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/lar_0320.shtml (600 words)

	Ethnobotany - Larix occidentalis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Western larch usually grows in mixed forests but can occasionally be found in pure groups of trees after a severe wildfire.
		Larch sap, when it runs out of the tree and hardens, can be eaten like candy.
		Larch paint for other purposes was made by mixing the powder with the sticky resin from cottonwood buds.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /environment/culres/ethbot/d-l/Larix.htm (403 words)

	Betula spp
		Western larch is native to the high mountains of the upper Columbia River Basin in southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, northern and central Idaho, Washington and northern and northeastern Oregon..
		Western larch trees reach heights of 180 feet, with diameters of 4 feet at an age of 400 years.
		Larch of the western pine region, its properties, uses and grades.
	www2.fpl.fs.fed.us /TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/htmlDocs/larixocciden.html (491 words)

	High-altitude conifers outshine other trees in fall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The larch is a fire-resistant species that could play an important role as national forest managers attempt to restore the health of federal forests across the West.
		But the larch's most spectacular attribute is the brilliant yellow-gold it turns in fall, at times almost illuminated when hit by the angled autumn sun, a stunning harbinger of impending winter to hikers and other mountain travelers.
		Western larches grow straight and tall, sometimes reaching 200 feet high and 5 feet in diameter.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /getaways/91438_larch17.shtml (1804 words)

	TNC Invasive Species Initiative page
		Larch casebearer is a moth that feeds on larch species (Larix) and was probably introduced in Massachusetts on nursery stock from Europe in 1886 (Tunnock and Ryan, 1983; Otvos and Quedau, 1984).
		In western forests, the insect spread rapidly and was soon considered to be the western larch's most serious pest (Denton, 1979).
		Larch casebearer and other factors involved with deterioration of western larch stands in northern Idaho.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /products/gallery/colla1.html (382 words)

	Landowner Fact Sheets - western larch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Western larch is the largest of the world's larches.
		Western larch is the most shade intolerant conifer of the northern Rockies.
		Western larch is the principal domestic source of arabinogalactan, a water soluble gum used in the processing of food, pharmaceuticals, paint, ink, and other industries.
	www.fw.vt.edu /dendro/landownerfactsheets/detail.cfm?genus=Larix&species=occidentalis (231 words)

	About Douglas Fir Pine Cones
		Western Larch (Larix occidentalis), sometimes called Mountain Larch or Western Tamarack, was discovered in 1806 in western Montana.
		Western Larch is native to eastern Oregon and Washington, Idaho, Montana, and southern interior British Columbia.
		In addition, there are millions more acres of Douglas Fir and Western Larch standing in the West on the nearly 50 million acres of federal forested land now protected from harvesting through legislative, administrative, or judicial withdrawals, or set aside in parks, scenic reserves, wilderness areas, habitat reserves and research areas.
	www.cascadecones.com /douglas.html (594 words)

	Alternative Medicine Review: Larch Arabinogalactan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Animal studies indicate that intravenous injection of purified larch arabinogalactan results in 52.5 percent of the dose being present in the liver and 30 percent in the urine 90 minutes after dosing.
		Research has demonstrated larch and other arabinogalactans to be capable of enhancing the immune response to bacterial infection via stimulation of phagocytosis, competitive binding of bacterial fimbriae, or bacterial opsonization.
		Larch arabinogalactan in powder form is typically dosed in teaspoons or tablespoons at a concentration of approximately 4-5 grams per tablespoon.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FDN/is_5_5/ai_67150701 (713 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Larix lyallii
		The shape of the tree is not as conical as that of Western Larch.
		Although Subalpine Larch is found in both the Rocky Mountains and the Cascades, the two distributions are separated at their closest points by 200 km (125 mi) in southern British Columbia.
		In British Columbia and Alberta, Alpine Larch is common along the Continental Divide and adjacent ranges, and in the Purcell and southern Selkirk Ranges.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/tsuga/Llyal.htm (489 words)

	WWPA Douglas Fir - Western Larch.
		Douglas Fir and Western Larch studs can be manufactured to the full basic length and double-end trimmed or may be precision-end trimmed to exact length.
		Douglas Fir and Western Larch, in both visual and MSR grades, are used in roof and floor trusses, for gable ends and wall panels, pre-cut wall framing packages, wall sub-components, corners, doors, beams and frames.
		Structural-glued laminated Douglas Fir and Western Larch beams are engineered for use as load-carrying horizontal framing for roofs, floors and columns in residential, commercial, industrial and institutional structures as well as for towers and marine installations.
	www.wwpa.org /dfir.htm (4884 words)

	Douglas Fir
		With this LCI of Western Lumber documentation for their products, WWPA member companies are leading the industry in accountability by disclosing, through an independent third party, the environmental burdens associated with the harvesting, manufacturing and distribution of their products.
		Structural-glued laminated Douglas Fir and Western Larch beams are engineered for use as load-carrying horizontal framing for roofs, floors, and columns in residential, commercial and institutional structures as well as for towers and marine installations.
		For this reason Douglas Fir and Western Larch are usually separated in the appearance grades and marketed as distinct species to allow a larger range of visual choices for discriminating end users.
	www.tnloghomes.com /process/df.shtml (5254 words)

	Forest Health - Western Spruce Budworm - WSU - NRS EXT
		Impact: As western spruce budworm is a defoliating insect, it doesn't necessarily kill trees.
		The USFS estimates that the western spruce budworm affected 234,430 acres in Washington in 1990, and 1,027,671 acres in 1991.
		Western larch is more resistant to budworm than true fir, spruce or Douglas-fir, and western redcedar, western hemlock, and all pine species are not considered to be more than occasional hosts.
	ext.nrs.wsu.edu /forestryext/foresthealth/notes/westernbudworm.htm (1469 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Mortimer Abramowitz Gallery of Photomicrography - Western Larch (Larix ...
		Coniferous, western larch needles, seeds, and bark are a food source for several species, including the blue grouse, the red crossbill, various rodents, porcupines and bears.
		Extracts from the western larch are also exploited and are utilized to produce an industrial water-soluble gum and turpentine.
		However, the western larch is quite susceptible to other problems, such as parasite attack.
	www.olympusmicro.com /galleries/abramowitz/pages/larixoccidentalissmall.html (196 words)

	Western Larch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The western larch, one of the world's largest larches, grows 70 to 80 metres high, and can live up to 400 years.
		Like all larches, the needles of the western larch are shed in winter, diminishing its aesthetic appeal.
		The western larch may occur in small pure stands, but it is usually mixed with other conifers, such as Douglas fir, western white pine and Engelmann spruce.
	www.domtar.com /arbre/english/p_meoue.htm (128 words)

	Andy Kerr - Natural History of the Larch
		Three larch species are found in North America: the alpine larch found primarily at high elevations in western Canada; the eastern larch found in boggy areas of the northern forests of eastern North America; and the western larch found in the American West.
		Oregon's larch is the western larch (Larix occidentalis).
		The larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella), a native of Europe, was introduced to the range of the western larch and is now a serious pest that defoliates victim trees.
	www.andykerr.net /Larch/LarchNatHist.html (873 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Larix occidentalis
		Measurements: Western Larch is a tall, thin, conical tree normally reaching 100 to 180 feet in height, although rare individuals are over 200 feet.
		Native Range: Western Larch grows in the Upper Columbia River Basin of northwestern Montana, northern and west central Idaho, northeastern Washington, and southeastern British Columbia; along the east slopes of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and north-central Oregon; and in the Blue and Wallowa Mountains of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon.
		Habitat: Western Larch normally occurs on mountain slopes and in valleys on a wide variety of well drained soils.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/tsuga/Loccid.htm (286 words)

	Larex AG News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Larex considers that Arabinogalactan from Eastern Larch is chemically equivalent to Arabinogalactan from the Western Larch tree (Western Larch).
		FDA has approved Arabinogalactan from Western Larch for use as an emulsifier, stabilizer, binder or bodying agent in essential oils, non-nutritive sweeteners, flavor bases, nonstandardized dressings, and pudding mixes in the minimum quantity required to produce its intended technical effect (February 25, 1964, 30 FR 2430; 21 CFR 172.610).
		Larex's GRAS panel discusses the chemical equivalence of Arabinogalactan from Eastern Larch and Western Larch and considers that the Arabinogalactan produced by Larex from Eastern Larch and Western Larch are equivalent.
	www.larex.com /htm/agnews_grassstatus_092003.html (401 words)

	Western larch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Western larch preparations, including larch arabinogalactans, are safe when taken in standard recommended therapeutic doses.
		Larch arabinogalactan is a powerful immune-stimulant that in laboratory experiments enhanced the activity of macrophages and natural killer cells.
		Larch arabinogalactan: clinical relevance of a novel immune-enhancing polysaccharide.
	www.susanlovemd.com /takecharge/alternatives/herbs/western_larch.htm (236 words)

	Plant Data Sheet
		Western larch grows in a relatively moist-cool climatic zone, with low temperature limiting its upper elevational range and deficient moistures its lower extremes.
		Pick larch cones from the tree in the fall as soon as they ripen.
		Western larch, which is 900 years old, has been found.
	depts.washington.edu /propplnt/Plants/Western_larch.htm (289 words)

	FDA/CFSAN: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000084
		Larex considers that the use of arabinogalactan from Eastern Larch would be a substitute for the use of arabinogalactan from Western Larch.
		Larex’s GRAS panel considers that arabinogalactan from Eastern Larch, which is manufactured by the Larex process in accordance with current good manufacturing practices and meets the specifications described, is GRAS for use in foods in the minimum quantity required to produce its intended technical effects.
		In describing the intended use of arabinogalactan from Eastern Larch and in describing the information that Larex relies on to conclude that this ingredient is GRAS under the conditions of its intended use, Larex raises potential labeling issues under these provisions of the FFDCA.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g084.html (1743 words)

	Western Larch Flooring - Big Flooring Guide
		Western Larch (Larix occidentalis), Pine eNature.com is a free searchable nature...
		Western Larch, Western Birch, Lodgepole Pine, Ponderosa Pine, White Pine and...
		Douglas Fir and Western Larch, in both visual and MSR grades, are used in roof and floor trusses, for gable ends and wall panels, pre-cut wall framing...
	www.bigflooringguide.com /western-larch-flooring.html (641 words)

	Douglas-fir and western larch: chemical and physical properties in relation to Douglas-fir bark beetle attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Frequency of Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), attack on western larch (Lark occidentalis Nutt.) was negatively correlated with 3-carene content of the xylem oleoresin.
		Successful brood production by the Douglas-fir bark beetle in standing trees of Douglas-fir but not western larch may therefore be explained, at least in part, by the high 3-carene content of western larch.
		Live standing western larch had no oleoresin exudation pressure, suggesting that this trait is not associated with resistance to attack by the Douglas-fir bark beetle in this species.
	heronpublishing.com /tree/summaries/volume1/a1-277.html (232 words)

	WesternLarch
		The Western Larch grows west of the Rocky Mountains in Montana, and from Northern California up into Canada.
		To combat this, the Western Larch drops its leaves in the fall like a deciduous tree would.
		Even though the Larch drops its “leaves” in the fall, they are needles.In the spring, when the needles begin to grow, they are a light green color.
	www.pierce.ctc.edu /rmay/BIOL203/ron/WesternLarch.html (262 words)

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