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	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Liang Ch'i-ch'ao
		Liang had taught traditional Chinese studies, but his exposure to the West had alrady convinced him that the key to the Western ability to impose its military and technological might on China lay in Western philosophy.
		Liang would accept a particular Western idea, but he was perfectly willing to discard that idea if he found an element in Chinese tradition that was more meaningful.
		Liang favored a collectivist democracy of the type which the author compares to the Greek polis in which--unlike the 19th century liberal democracies--the needs of the multitude took precedence over those of the individual.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=127050 (746 words)

	Liang Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Liang Dynasty (梁朝) (502-557), also known as Southern Liang Dynasty (南梁), was the third of Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Chen Dynasty.
		Others regard the abolition of Western Liang in 587 to be the true end of Liang.
		Note: some historians consider Western Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by Xiao Cha (Emperor Xuan), a grandson of Xiao Yan (Emperor Wu), the founder of the Liang Dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liang_Dynasty (370 words)

	Xinjiang - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Western Jin Dynasty succumbed to successive waves of invasions by nomads from the north at the beginning of the 4th century.
		The Kara-Khanid Khanate was in control of western Xinjiang in the 10th century and the 11th century, while branches of the Uyghurs established themselves in central Xinjiang in the same time period.
		In general, Uyghurs are the majority in western Xinjiang, including the prefectures of Kashgar, Khotan, Kizilsu, and Aksu, as well as Turpan prefecture in eastern Xinjiang.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Sinkiang (2483 words)

	Printer Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Liang has been appointed a professor of law at California Western, and is executive director of the new California Western School of Law Institute of Health Law Studies, which will be formally opened during the fall term.
		Liang, who is both a physician and an attorney, is widely published in the areas of health law and policy.
		Liang will teach Law, Medicine and Public Policy at California Western this fall and is scheduled to teach Survey of Health Law in the spring.
	www.cwsl.edu /main/printer.asp?body=/content/news/Liang.asp (415 words)

	Q. Edward Wang \| Encountering the World: China and Its Other(s) in Historical Narratives, 1949–89 \| Journal of ...
		For instance, when he noted that Western historians often kept an amateur status in their pursuit of historical writing, he implied that political interference was not as frequent and blatant in the West as in China, where historical writing was often rendered into a government enterprise.
		In Western scholarship on historiography, Wu notes, both Thucydides and Ranke were hailed as "objective historians" (keguan shixuejia), the former for his effort at verifying sources in writing history and the latter for his emphasis on using primary sources.
		The West and Western historiography were evoked as the lowercase other, or a better self, to aid their criticism of the authoritarian government at home and, more importantly, of the cultural legacy that sustained authoritarianism in China's long past.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.3/wang.html (12061 words)

	Greening Red China
		His grandfather, Liang Qichao, was a visionary in the late Qing Dynasty, who pushed western-style reforms in a last-ditch, but unsuccessful attempt to save the corrupt system.
		Liang's father, who founded Qinghua University's architecture school, brought numerous western innovations to the mainland, particularly an experimental style of urban housing that melded modernism with China's traditional courtyards; thousands of students still tour a few surviving courtyards in the central city core.
		Thus far, Liang has managed to parlay such guangxi (connections) into a string of successes, all the more startling when one considers that his seven-year-old Green group functions with only three paid staff and an annual budget of about US$23,000.
	www.gluckman.com /Liang.html (1447 words)

	q
		In 265, Sima Yan dethroned the Wei emperor and established the Western Jin Dynasty.
		It, after the Liang, was a small and weak regime with a small population.
		The Liu Song, the Qi, the Xiao Liang, and the Chen are historically known as the Southern Dynasties.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~hzhuo/gin.html (383 words)

	Chinese Democracy
		In interpreting Western democracy through the prism of his strongly Confucian background, Liang shaped the ideas of democracy that would be used throughout the next century.
		Unlike the Western theorists he studied, Liang felt that there was no difference between the individual interests and public interests; individual citizens were granted rights in order to better strengthen the state.
		But even he was not willing to accept that democracy entailed conflict and disorder, and he was no more able than Liang Qichao to answer the question of how the struggle of individuals in defense of their personal rights could possibly produce harmony.
	www.tsquare.tv /themes/essay.html (1409 words)

	Ancient Liang
		The Liang Dynasty was one of the Southern Dynasties, the Song, Qi, Liang and the Chen, which struggled against the Northern non-Chinese Dynasties of the Later Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.
		Liang was also know for his work in editing and distributing Christian booklets (e.g., the Bible Homework, etc.) and flyers, and he turned his house into a meeting place for Christians.
		Liang Menglung (A.D. 1527-1602) was the Governor of Shantung Province who, with Tu Tsemin the Governor of Fukien Province, pettitioned and got the Ming Government to lift the ban on Maritime activity, resulting in the great age of travel cummulating in the journeys of Admiral Cheng Ho.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history.html (2157 words)

	americanos :: TURKS & UYGURS - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Western history books tried in vain to make a distinction, and they said that the Genghis Mongols were descendants of the Ruruans.
		Western history books classify the Ruruans as 'Mongolian', but the term 'Mongolian' was a much later concept.
		In the west, the Turks was led by the son of Muchu Khan.
	americanos.blogharbor.com /blog/_archives/2005/10/9/1289393.html (5803 words)

	Chinese Human Rights Reader Entry Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the same time, though, Liang was an avid student of the sundry Western ideas that were being debated by his peers, and there can be no doubt that these ideas played roles in shaping his proposals and philosophy.
		Liang was as much a socialist as he was a Confucian.
		The central idea of Liang’s book is that there have been three major cultural paths: the Western, Chinese, and Indian.
	sangle.web.wesleyan.edu /chrr/reader/intros/17.html (409 words)

	16 Nations -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Western history books, whenever referring to the Qiangs, Di nomads, and the later Tanguts (Danxiang Qiangs), would claim that those peoples were Tibetan in nature.
		A nephew of the Yang family, Linghu Maosou, was conferred the title of King Youxianwang by Western Jinn Emperor Huidi (reign 290-306) and the title of King Zuoxianwang by Western Jin Emperor Mindi (reign 313-317).
		When Western Jinn Dynasty (AD 265-316) reunited China, Hunnic King Zuoxianwang sent his son Liu Yuan to Jinn Dynasty to be a hostage, which was a norm laid out by Ts'ao in late Han period.
	www.republicanchina.org /16nations.htm (6330 words)

	(Center for Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine Inc - Sarasota, FL) Center For Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine - Sarasota, ...
		Shan Liang, DOM, AP, Doctor of Oriental Medicine, is a Florida Licensed Acupuncture Physician certified by the National Commission for Certification of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and as a diplomate in Acupuncture and Chinese Herbology.
		Liang was a Medical Physician for seven years at Qian Fu Shan General Integrated Hospital, where both Western and Chinese medicine are practiced.
		Liang worked in the State Drug court program treating addictions and has helped many people to quit smoking.
	www.drliang.com (239 words)

	introduction
		Raised to the level of paradigm was the Liang prince and heir apparent Xiao Tong, who was praised for the fact that he had "received" (shou) the Xiaojing and Confucius' Analects by the age of three sui, and by the age of five could recite the Five Classics.
		Western Liang was a very minor dynasty, ruled by a family that conceived of itself as Chinese, which survived for just a few decades up in the Gansu corridor.
		The western territories that had, from Jin through Liang, been ruled from Jiankang were lost: Sichuan was now directly under Chang'an's control; Jiangling was the seat of a Western Wei puppet regime, the so-called Western Liang, which would cease to exist in Sui times.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~pearce/introduction.htm (19252 words)

	Early Medieval China Group : Bibliography of Western Works on Early Medieval China (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is a bibliography-in-progress of works in Western languages on the period of Chinese history between the end of the Han dynasty and the Sui reunification (220-589).
		Dien, Albert E. "The bestowal of surnames under the Western Wei--Northern Chou: a case of counter-acculturation," T'oung Pao 63:2-3 (1977):137-77.
		Enoki, K. "The Liang shih-kung-t'u on the origin and migration of the Hua or Ephthalites," Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia 7:1-2 (December 1970):37-45.
	www.earlymedievalchinagroup.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wjbiblio.htm (12281 words)

	Chinese Dynasties Chart and Overview - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Unfortunately Xia Dynasty (夏朝) never admitted by western scholars, according to them, Xia was a Dynasty in Chinese myth and rumer.
		Western Han ended Jan. 10 9 AD, and then Wang Mang rose to the throne Jan 15th 9 AD.
		Western scholars tend to base the beginning of a civilization on archaeological proof.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=40 (1618 words)

	SSRN-The Changes in the Structure of Public Expenditure Behind the Western China Development Programme: The Empirical ...
		The changes in the structure of public expenditure usually come with economic development, and this paper stresses the effects of a particular development programme on the structure of provincial public expenditure.
		With two ways of principal component analysis, one is based on original accounts system and the other on the new accounts system which is built through variable cluster analysis, and considering the western China as a whole, this paper studies the change of expenditure priorities.
		Liang, Pinghan, "The Changes in the Structure of Public Expenditure Behind the Western China Development Programme: The Empirical Study Based on Provincial Public Expenditure" (March 15, 2005).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=686744 (408 words)

	Gao Xiang - Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo yanyi) Biography
		Zhuge Liang began the first of his northern offensives in AD 228, and Gao Xiang was selected to join in the attack.
		Liang ordered Xiang to take a thousand men to Saber Gateway, where he would transport a number of mechanical wooden beasts loaded with grain to the camps in Qishan.
		Several days after his meeting with Zhuge Liang, Gao Xiang discovered that Sima Yi had indeed built a series of wooden bulls identical to those of Liang’s, and Liang was later able to steal the bulls back.
	kongming.net /novel/sgyy/gaoxiang.php (1591 words)

	Chinese History - Sixteen States äº”è¡ååå map and geography (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The successor state of Former Qin, Later Qin å¾ç§¦, could defeat its neighbors, the Later Liang å¾æ¶¼ in the Gansu corridor, and the weak Western Yan è¥¿ç• that is usually not counted among the Sixteen Kingdoms.
		Helian Bobo èµ«é£åå, ruler of Xia å¤, was able to conquer Chang'an and to end the Later Qin and the small state state of Western Qin è¥¿ç§¦ at the upper course of the Yellow River.
		Later Liang å¾æ¶¼ crumbled into three different states (Western Liang è¥¿æ¶¼, Northern Liang å—æ¶¼ and Southern Liang å—æ¶¼), Northern Liang being the strongest.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/shiliuguo-map.html (615 words)

	Northern Liang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northern Liang (Chinese: 北凉; pinyin: Bĕi Liáng; 397-439) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
		All rulers of the Northern Liang proclaimed themselves "wang" (translatable as "prince" or "king").
		Most Chinese historians view Northern Liang as ended in 439, when its capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu) fell to Northern Wei forces and its prince Juqu Mujian was captured.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Liang (123 words)

	Hun & Huns -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		Western records showed the Attila Huns were extermely barbaric, unlike their Asian kinsmen who, after hundreds of years of co-living with Chinese and generations of inter-marriages with the Chinese, had become very much a semi-sedentary civilized quazi-Chinese.
		The Turks then proposed for marriage with Western Wei Dynasty and obtained Princess Changle of Toba-Wei royal family, certainly with the nodding approval of the forthcoming founder of Northern Zhou Dynasty.
		When Western Liang was sacked by Toba army, the wife of last emperor of Western Liang took her son westward for refuge in today's Xinjiang, the New Dominion province.
	www.uglychinese.org /hsiung-nu.htm (8260 words)

	History of Dunhuang - China History
		At the beginning of Western Han, the Huns occupied this area.
		After his succeeding to the throne, Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian, a senior official, as an envoy to the Western Regions for the first time in the 3rd year (138BC) of his reign.
		From Western Han to Western Liang, Dunhuang suffered from chaos caused by wars, and rose and fell for over 400 years.
	www.muztagh.com /china-history/dunhuang.htm (664 words)

	Providing Personal Growth, Professional Development through ongoing education,ASHE-Australasian School of Human ...
		Buddhist statuary dating from the 1st Century BC indicates that the source was in India from where it travelled to Western China with Buddhism.
		There were forms of martial arts practiced in ancient Greece and in the Olympics there was an event known as the ‘pancratium’ in which contestants were not allowed to bite or gouge but could do everything else (hitting, strangling, limb twisting).
		Bodhidharma travelled to the Kingdom of Liang in Western China probably around the 5th century.
	www.humanecology.com.au /spiritmarts.htm (1623 words)

	Chyi-lyi (Kathleen) Liang
		Liang, Chyi-lyi (Kathleen) and Nancy Wood, (2002), Impact of Tourism on Vermont Retail Sector, collaborate with The School of Natural Resources and School of Business Administration at The University of Vermont, published by Vermont State Department of Tourism and Marketing.
		Liang, Chyi-lyi (Kathleen) and Nancy Wood, (2000, 2001), Economic Impact of Tourism Industry on Vermont Economy, collaborate with The School of Natural Resources and School of Business Administration at The University of Vermont, published by Vermont State Department of Tourism and Marketing.
		Liang, Chyi-lyi (Kathleen), Applying a Fertilizer Tax to Reduce Water Pollution, (1998), The Bean Bag, Western Nebraska Dry Bean Grower Association, published by the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska.
	www.uvm.edu /~cliang/resume/cv2002.htm (4021 words)

	Chinese History - Sixteen States ååå - Western Liang å—æ¶¼ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Taiwan R.O.C. The Chinese Li Gao ææ - said to be an ancestor of the founders of the great Tang Dynasty å” - served the Later Liang Dynasty (Houliang å¾æ¶¼) as local governor, before he declared himself Duke of Liang æ¶¼å¬ and area commander-in-chief (da dudu å¤§é½ç£) in 400 and established his own kingdom.
		The large size resettlement of population was a common measure during the time of the Sixteen Kingdoms.
		The name of the empire Liang æ¶¼ is derived from the prefecture Liangzhou æ¶¼å·.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/rulers-xiliang.html (232 words)

	Crosswalk.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The latest reports said heavy fighting is going on in the rebel-controlled oil-producing Leer area of Western Upper Nile province, where militias allied with the government murdered civilians this week.
		Boucher was responding to a report by U.S.-led team of international monitors who detailed a number of attacks in southern Sudan in December and January, and the displacement of thousands of civilians.
		The bodies were those of civilians killed in Liang, Dengaji, Kawaji and Yawaji areas in late April 2002.
	www.crosswalk.com /1185393.html?view=print (724 words)

	Differentiation of Bartonella Species by a Microimmunofluorescence Assay, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Articles by Liang, Z. Articles by Raoult, D. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 2000, p.
		The positions of molecular mass markers of 104, 81, 47.7, 34.6, 28.3, and 19.2 kDa are noted on the left.
		Isolation and characterization by immunofluorescence, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot, restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Rochalimaea quintana from a patient with bacillary angiomatosis.
	cdli.asm.org.cob-web.org:8888 /cgi/content/full/7/4/617 (2461 words)

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