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Topic: Western Marxism

	Marxism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marxism is the philosophy, social theory and political practice based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German socialist philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary.
		Marxism is based on the works of the nineteenth century philosopher, Karl Marx.
		Followers of the currents within Marxism which opposed Stalin, principally cohered around Leon Trotsky, tended to locate the failure at the level of the failure of world revolution: for communism to have succeeded, they argue, it needed to encompass all the international trading relationships that capitalism had previously developed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxism (5403 words)

	Marxism Think piece @ HigherPower.org (Higher Power) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In India, the southern province of Kerala was the first in the world to elect a coalition of Communist parties (see Communist Party of India) to power at the state level, in 1957.
		Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a nineteenth-century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels.
		Marx drew on Hegel's philosophy, the political economy of Adam Smith, Ricardian economics, and nineteenth-century French socialism to develop a critique of society which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary.
	higherpower.org /encyclopedia/Marxism (4354 words)

	CHAPTER VII
		The victory of Marxism is due to the fact that the Chinese communists combined Marxism tactically with Chinese social and revolutionary practice; they made of Marxism an ideological weapon against feudalism and imperialism, leading thereby to the founding of New China.
		On the one hand, Marxism became the spiritual main-stay or guiding principle of all action and played the dominant role in the New China; on the other hand, Marxism was confronted with a series of new problems, among which how to build China into a modern socialist country was the most important.
		For a proper wedding of Marxism and Chinese culture it is necessary to analyze and study traditional Chinese culture scientifically and objectively form the standpoint of Marxism, which process is itself a work of combination.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-13/chapter_vii.htm (2033 words)

	Reflections on George Lukacs’s Theory of Totality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One is that western Marxism originated from the early western Marxists’ reflections on the experience of the defeats of the proletariat revolutions in the early 20
		That is, the reason for those early western Marxists to open the way of “western Marxism” does not only lies in their dissatisfaction with the “official Marxism”, but mainly in their discontentment with the present world.
		In this way, western Marxism will be taken as still belong to the old philosophy, which according to Marx, aims only to interpret the world and is in fact the affirmation of the present world.
	netx.u-paris10.fr /actuelmarx/m4shuangli.htm (6098 words)

	THE BARE DOCTRINE OF BLAIR THE BEAR
		Marxism offered the rest of the world a way to "catch up" with the west and a development strategy based on an extreme "rational" mechanism of planned economy that exceeded even the rationalism followed by the western countries.
		Marxism, though tried to absorb from the other cultures, was an ideology created within the western Christian civilisation, just as much western science is, and was not looking for alternatives to the western tradition.
		Huntington long time ago to advice them that the "historical role" of Marxism was to bring the countries that belong to the other civilisations into the fold of the western Christian civilisation and that Marxism which was within their civilisation was not a threat to them.
	www.infolanka.com /org/kalaya/fea052.htm (2143 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - From Western Marxism to Western Buddhism
		The "Western Buddhist" meditative stance is arguably the most efficient way for us to fully participate in capitalist dynamics while retaining the appearance of mental sanity.
		It is a commonplace to claim that the fascination exerted by Tibet on the Western imagination, especially on the broad public in the US, provides an exemplary case of the "colonization of the imaginary." It reduces the actual Tibet to a screen for the projection of Western ideological fantasies.
		The second antidote is therefore the opposite one: to denounce the split nature of the Western image of Tibet as a "reflexive determination" of the split attitude of the West itself, combining violent penetration and respectful sacralization.
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/2/western.php (2151 words)

	The Influence of Hegel on Western Marxism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Western Marxism, a term defined in contrast to the official Eastern, or Soviet variety, and sometimes also referred to as Hegelian Marxism, represents the break from orthodoxy.
		It is not the primacy of economic motives in historical explanation that constitutes the decisive difference between Marxism and bourgeois thought, but the point of view of totality'.
		Lukacs' aim was to demonstrate that this concern for 'the facts' was in fact a bourgeois view, and that any science resting on such a view was in fact bourgeois science, inevitably leading to the reproduction of the reified view of the world that characterised bourgeois society.
	home.mira.net /~andy/seminars/western.htm (3318 words)

	[No title]
		No doubt an important part of the reason for this is that the majority western Marxists sympathetic to d ialectic have tended to accept the traditional view that the law of non-contradiction is a basic law of logic.
		\par Likewise, it is true that Marxism is not an `ethically neu tral' theory on the model of the natural sciences; it is a form of socialism which involves a commitment to certain values.
		Nevertheless, if the dialectical approach of Marxism and the idea of progress which it involves is to survive as a living theory, it must be developed to comprehe n d and explain the turn that history has now taken.
	www.kent.ac.uk /secl/philosophy/ss/DIALECTIC.rtf (4044 words)

	Untitled Document
		At the moment of the formation of Classical African Marxism in the late 1950s and the early 1960s, this concept of the Third World was instrumental in forging a political consciousness among the dispossessed people of the world.
		This particular version of Classical African Marxism was superior to Western Marxism because it insisted on the unity of theory and practice, one of the cardinal points of Classical Marxism, while the illusions of Classical African Marxism as practiced by Fanon were no more debilitating than those of the tradition of Adorno, Althusser and Gramsci.
		The argument this essay sought to put forth was that Western Marxism had exhausted itself, and in order to replenish itself, it should seek inspiration in African Marxism, andhose existence it had never acknowledged.
	www.pitzer.edu /new_african_movement/general/essays/africanism.htm (8815 words)

	Cultural Marxism vs Western Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Buchanan has strong opinions, but his opinions are based in facts, unlike those of his equally opinionated opponents, who have bought into the multiculturalist dogma of the evils of Western civilization wishful thinking.
		Buchanan rests his case on demography and immigration and on the multicultural attack led by Cultural Marxists on Western history, values, and institutions.
		But the most fearsome fact is that the demonization of white people in the universities today is more extreme than the demonization of the Jews that was a prominent feature of German university life for 60 years prior to the rise of National Socialism.
	www.grecoreport.com /cultural_marxism_vs_western_civilization1.htm (688 words)

	The Two Marxisms, Appendix 1 - "Other Formulations of the Two Marxisms," by Alvin W. Gouldner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A Critical Marxism that rejects all forms of economic determinism and reductionism, is seen as an essentially Lukacsian theory of the "totality," as opposed to positivism, allying itself with continuing efforts to develop Marxism in the light of modern social science developments, particularly - those having an opening to philosophy.
		Although he clearly sees that Marxism's difficulties are not simply due to its lacunae but also involve "mistakes," he thinks that Marxism's basic structure provides a suitable corpus for a surgery which will permit amputation of the mistakes, allow new transplants, and suture sundered parts.
		For linking it as he does with the failure of the October Revolution, tarring all Western Marxists with the brush of pessimism, and never asking which parts of their work retain validity and should be preserved, Anderson must end with the liquidation of modern Marxism and the return to a critically reappropriated earlier generation.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/DSS/Marx/app1.htm (3110 words)

	American Conservative Union Foundation
		In this edition, Paul Weyrich refers to "cultural Marxism." He asked me, as Free Congress Foundation's resident historian, to write this column explaining what cultural Marxism is and where it came from.
		Cultural Marxism is a branch of western Marxism, different from the Marxism-Leninism of the old Soviet Union.
		Cultural Marxism began not in the 1960s but in 1919, immediately after World War I. Marxist theory had predicted that in the event of a big European war, the working class all over Europe would rise up to overthrow capitalism and create communism.
	acuf.org /issues/issue47/051102cul.asp (930 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The New Islamo-Marxism by Bill King
		And while the idea that secular Western Marxists would seek to ally with militant Islamists may seem incongruous at first, if one looks at the history of organized Marxism in the industrialized West, it is not really so surprising.
		Throughout the 1970's and 80's, as Marxism became progressively more ensconced in the world of university seminars and academic journals, and as once radical social movements joined the mainstream, the left found itself increasingly bereft of a social force that could serve as the "subject" of its revolution.
		Such "anti-imperialism" by comfortable Western Marxists in Europe and North America would almost be laughable were its consequences not so grisly and nefarious for those in far less safe places.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=19295 (1133 words)

	[No title]
		It seems like specifically identifing the configuration of Marxism that H and A were in dialog with is the route to take.
		The broader tradition of western Marxism did not substantively appear to be interrupted by H. & A.s critique of instrumental reason.
		Although the health of western Marxism post-dialectic of enlightenment stands in substantive contradiction to Habermas's claims of aporia.
	www.srcf.ucam.org /pipermail/theory-frankfurt-school/2003-May.txt (17821 words)

	Martha Gimenez: Review of George Snedeker's "The Politics of Critical Theory"
		The reduction of marxism at best to political economy and, at worst, to "economic determinism" and "class reductionism" has colored theoretical developments at the turn of the 20th century and is manifested in the "privileging" of culture, language, discourse, agency, and subjectivity.
		In the Western marxist literature, the analysis of social phenomena is generally divorced from their capitalist conditions.
		Other Western Marxists whose insights Snedeker explores are Lukacs, Althusser and Raymond Williams and he broadens the scope of Western Marxism to include Edward Said and Oliver Cox.
	eserver.org /clogic/2005/gimenez.html (846 words)

	Dialectic of Defeat - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He argues that a cult of success and science drained this Marxism of its critical impulse and that the successes of the Russian and Chinese revolutions encouraged a mechanical and fruitless mimicry.
		He then turns to a Western alternative that neither succumbed to the spell of success nor obliterated the individual in the name of science.
		In the nineteenth century, this Western Marxism already diverged from Russian Marxism in its interpretation of Hegel and its evaluation of Engels¿ orthodox Marxism.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521520177 (216 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Essay: "Marxism & Totality & Gramsci & Della Volpe"
		I had forgotten all about the other Italians while I often cite the Polish Poznan School when I discuss Marxism and scientific method. The Della Volpe school, in reaction to Italian idealism, was militantly scientific, developing intense suspicion against muddy holistic thinking and even
		Colletti was even more fanatical. He would brook no challenge to the logical law of non-contradiction. He opposed dialectics in every form, and when he concluded that Marx's theoretical structure was irredeemably dialectical, Colletti rejected Marxism. In his zeal, he was reckless in his criticisms of Hegel and others.
		Well, this takes us beyond the epilogue to chapters unwritten. But the problem comes in chapter one with the introduction of "holism" itself. The prehistory of Western Marxism is very instructive—"totality" serves us well here. Some quotes from Marx relating to the whole are useful especially if one has not thought about them before (p.
	www.autodidactproject.org /my/jay1.html (398 words)

	Gorbachev's policies resemble Beria's and Ben Gurion's Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marxism claimed to make articulate theoretically and to express politically the revolutionary aspirations of Western industrial workers.
		Instead Marxism has spread to the East; and by the efforts of the intelligentsia and a young and small working class it has conquered primitive peasant nations, from whom it had expected little or no response, and whom it had not considered capable of initiating a socialist order.
		He was, to be sure, not the first Emperor to embrace Marxism, but the first Marxist revolutionary to become the autocratic ruler of a vast empire.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/beria.html (10713 words)

	gramsci_syllabus
		Gramsci grounds his Marxism in the "lived experience" of subaltern classes, a spontaneous "common sense" out of which emerges a "good sense" that grasps the totality and its transformative potentialities.
		To appreciate the distinctiveness of Gramsci’s Marxism, we begin the course by placing him in relation to the alternative Marxisms of the early part of the 20th.
		He argues, for example, that Marxism cannot be opposed to the common sense of the popular classes, although it might need intellectuals to interpret Marxism and turn it into a living force (pp.198-9).
	sociology.berkeley.edu /faculty/BURAWOY/syllabus/gramsci_syllabus.html (5165 words)

	Marxists Writers Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		English philosopher and writer, won to Marxism in the 1930s and died fighting for the Republican cause in Spain in 1937.
		Established the ground work of Marxism through an examination of the rise of capitalism, the history of society, and critique of many prevailent philosophies.
		German Left Communist who wrote one of the founding documents of “Western Marxism”, expelled from the Comintern.
	www.marxists.org /archive (2129 words)

	MARXISM, POSTMODERNISM AND BEYOND – A PERSPECTIVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marxism as a radical social theory or philosophy is rooted in the rationalist/ Enlightenment tradition that aims at man’s ultimate emancipation through gradual/revolutionary unfolding of Reason in the historical process.
		Western Marxism emerged during the 20s and the 30s by way of reaction to the economic determinism and reformist politics of the IInd international on the one hand and to the monolithic orthodoxy of Soviet Marxism of the other.
		Western Marxism represents in particular a response to the failure working class revolutions and partial integration of the proletariat in the advanced West.
	www.panjdarya.com /manmohan.html (3104 words)

	NEWS & LETTERS, December 1997 LENIN, HEGEL AND WESTERN MARXISM-critical responses
		Kevin Anderson’s LENIN, HEGEL AND WESTERN MARXISM is an attempt to remedy that deficiency as far as Lenin’s PHILOSOPHIC NOTEBOOKS is concerned.
		Of all Western Marxists, only Dunayevskaya made the NOTEBOOKS central to her overall theoretical project, with an extensive--and increasingly critical--series of writings, the 1950s to the 1980s.
		Her MARXISM AND FREEDOM (1958) is the first serious discussion in English of the Notebooks, and the first to try to relate them to Lenin’s views on imperialism, national liberation, state and revolution.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/1997/Nov/1197pd.htm (1981 words)

	OUP: Stanislaw Brzozowski and the Polish Beginnings of `Western Marxism': Walicki
		Although practically unknown in the West, Brzozowski is an important but neglected forerunner of the intellectual tradition of `Western Marxism', most commonly associated with Georg Lukács and Antonio Gramsci.
		Professor Walicki argues that the retrieval of the philosophical and humanist aspect of Marxism, and its separation from the Engels-inspired `scientific Marxism', was the achievement of Brzozowski and not, as frequently assumed, of Lukács, who came to similar conclusions only some ten years later.
		By placing Brzozowski within the cross-currents of the various philosophical, sociological, literary, and political streams of Western and Eastern European thought in which Marxism was situated, Professor Walicki produces a fascinating study of an early East European challenge to orthodox Marxism.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-827328-2 (390 words)

	Marxism message, Re: Rebuilding Western Marxism
		Questions to Jose By Bob Gould Jose's post "Abandoning Western Marxism", 09.52, 25 Oct 03, seems like it is an attempt at a summary political statement by the broad ideological grouping on Marxmail that includes Jose and Louis, and to some extent, Nestor and Lou Paulsen.
		Re: Rebuilding Western Marxism, Ozleft Sun 26 Oct 2003, 06:23 GMT
		Re: Rebuilding Western Marxism, Richard Fidler Sun 26 Oct 2003, 19:52 GMT
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/marxism/2003w42/msg00303.htm (503 words)

	OUP: Anthology of Western Marxism: Gottlieb
		20th-century Western Marxism emerged, to a great extent, in opposition to `orthodox' Stalinist Marxism, as Western theorists took Marxism and rewrote it in their own terms.
		This determined the general philosophical orientation of Western Marxism and in turn influenced its interpretation of historical materialism, its models of socialist political practice, and its views on human liberation.
		This selection also reflects the diversity and high level of intellectual accomplishment fostered by the movement, from the influential and controversial essays of Karl Lorsch and Georg Lukáks in the early 1920s to the writings of contemporary socialist feminists.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-505569-1 (342 words)

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