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Topic: Western Roman Empire

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Western Roman Emperor

Byzantine Empire

476

Roman Emperor (Crisis of the Third Century)

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Roman Empire

Crisis of the Third Century

Diocletian

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Constantius II

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Flavius Augustus Honorius

	Roman Empire - MSN Encarta
		At his death in 395, he left the eastern portion of the empire to his 18-year-old son, Arcadius, and the western portion to his 10-year-old son, Honorius.
		Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire remained strong, while the Western Roman Empire began a steady decline in the face of economic disintegration, weak emperors, and invading Germanic tribes.
		Odoacer, who was the first Germanic ruler of the empire, deposed the young emperor, Romulus Augustulus, gave him a generous pension, and sent his imperial regalia to Constantinople.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1741502785_10/Roman_Empire.html (1075 words)

	Western Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western Roman Empire ended officially with the abdication of Romulus Augustus under pressure of Odoacer on 4 September 476, and unofficially with the death of Julius Nepos in 480.
		The Roman Empire was under the rule of a single Emperor, but with the death of Constantine in 337, civil war erupted among his three sons, dividing the empire into three parts.
		Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire like Frederick I Barbarossa, Frederick II and Charles V, and mighty Sultans like Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire, among others, tried to a certain extent to resurrect it, but none of their attempts were successful.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Roman_Empire (4070 words)

	Roman Empire 7
		Constantine was now master of the western part of the empire, but it was only after another decade of civil war that he defeated the eastern emperor and reunited the entire empire under his sole rule.
		In the words of one writer of the period, the empire became a prison.
		The imperial bureaucracy of the 4th century was not large by modern standards, but the expense of maintaining approximately 40,000 officials in an empire of over 60 million became an enormous drain on the economy.
	www.crystalinks.com /romanempire7.html (1576 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
		Decius and Herennius were killed in battle by the Goths in 251 -- the only Roman Emperors to die in battle (against external enemies) besides Julian (against the Persians, 363), Valens (against the Goths again, 378), Nicephorus I (against the Bulgars, 811), and Constantine XI (with the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, 1453).
		This was the end of Roman Gaul, 541 years after Caesar had completed its conquest in 56 BC -- or perhaps 531 years since the defeat, capture, and death of the rebel Vercingetorix in 46 BC.
		Although Irene restored the images and reconciled the Eastern and Western Churches, the Pope decided to arrogate the authority of crowning a proper, male Emperor to himself (later justified with the fraudulent "Donation of Constantine" document, by which Constantine I had supposedly given the entire Western Empire to the Pope).
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (13905 words)

	Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The western empire would collapse less than 200 years later, and the eastern empire would become the Byzantine Empire, centered in the Greek city of Byzantium, which would later be renamed Constantinople by the emperor Constantine the Great, and would survive another one thousand years.
		The Holy Roman Empire, an attempt to resurrect the Empire in the West, was established in 800 when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, though the empire and the imperial office did not become formalized for some decades.
		But excluding these states claiming their heritage, the Roman state lasted (in some form) from the founding of Rome in 753 BC to the fall in 1461 of the Empire of Trebizond (a successor state and fragment of the Byzantine Empire which escaped conquest by the Ottomans in 1453), for a total of 2214 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_Empire (10693 words)

	IGN: Rome: Total War - Barbarian Invasion
		Western Europe has never been as rich as the eastern end of the Mediterranean; Imperial taxes and population have been dropping, and the upkeep of the army is increasingly difficult.
		Limitanei are the frontier or garrison troops of the late Roman Empire.
		While archers from the eastern parts of the Empire are equipped with composite bows, those raised in Western areas are armed with the simpler self bow, carved from a single piece of wood.
	pc.ign.com /articles/647/647657p1.html (2234 words)

	FALL OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Romans citizens, particularly in the provinces, desired a share in his selection.
		The actions of Diocletian and Constantine were in recognition of the fact that the empire had become too large for any man to rule.
		However, it resulted in official abandonment of the western half to internal rot and external attack.
	www.kvhigh.com /learning/history/fall_roman.html (210 words)

	The Economic History of the Western Roman Empire: The Invasion of the Western Roman Empire by Barbarian Tribes
		The resources of the Empire were debilitated and the Goths challenged the Romans for control of the area at the mouth of the Danube River at the Black Sea.
		The terminology is familiar because the Roman Catholic Church adopted the organizational structure of the Roman Empire.
		The real power in the Empire came to reside in the German commanders in the army but these individuals were precluded because of their ancestry from holding the high offices in the civil government.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/barbarians.htm (2130 words)

	The Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		The Magister Militum was the supreme military commander of the Western Roman Empire from the late 300's onward.
		The Western division of the Empire, encompassing Rome itself together with Italy, Gaul, Britain, Iberia, and northwestern Africa, was utterly unable to maintain itself in the face of overwhelming barbarian invasion/migration.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html (1774 words)

	SparkNotes: The Fall of Rome (150CE-475CE): The Disappearance of the Western Roman Empire and Emergence of the First ...
		This is not unrelated to the theory that from the ascendance Severi, as more of the empire's rulers were raised in Balkan areas or regions far from long-time Roman cultural centers, they were unable to conceptualize 'Rome' as a civilization, and unable to distinguish it from lesser cultural forms.
		It was a peculiar Roman misfortune that a state and society that had coped with innumerable challenges since the fourth century BCE by ingenuity and constant changes in government mechanisms, had become too brittle by the fourth and fifth century to respond to new challenges realistically or dynamically.
		Beginning in Roman times, developed by the state, possessing regional divisions based on those of the defunct empire, and preserving its language and ethos, the Church was the sole institution that could take up Rome's aspirations to universality and over-arching legitimacy.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome4/section6.rhtml (2113 words)

	The Roman Empire
		This period in Roman history lasted so long that people began to take the peace for granted, believing that war was a thing of the past.
		Byzantines continued to refer to themselves as the Roman Empire for centuries after the Western Roman Empire had fallen, and the Eastern Roman Empire continued to exist until the 1400s, close to 1,000 years after the fall of the West.
		Probably the major fator contributing to the fall of the Western Roman Empire was the influx of Germans.
	home.triad.rr.com /warfford/Roman_Empire/empire.html (1139 words)

	Generalissimos of the Western Roman Empire
		Using this, the focus falls on the 'generalissimos' of the Western Roman Empire which, for lack of a better term, is all you could call them.
		In the fifth chapter the topic falls on Stilicho's successor Constantius who was a full Roman and who after seems to have forced Galla Placidia to marry him after her time in captivity and marriage to one of the Visigothic cheiftans.
		The fact he was of good Roman stock meant he had no opposition from the anti-barbarian segment of the the Roman aristocracy and he had invalubale understanding of both the Visigoths and the Huns whom he spent time with as hostage as a boy.
	www.unrv.com /book-review/generalissimos.php (1370 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Francis II ruled thereafter as Francis I of the Austrian Empire (established in 1804).
		The on-going struggle between these families and the intervention of the papacy drastically weakened the empire, culminating in the "Age of the Princes" in Germany and the "Great Interregnum" in the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.arcaini.com /italy/italyhistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

	Fall of the Western Roman Empire
		After the the Empire made peace with the Church and before the massive "barbarian" invasions, there was relative peace, which spread to the world of the spirit after the defeat of the Areian heresy.
		The next chapter deals with the next two phases, the first one affecting mainly the areas of Syria, Palestine and Egypt (advent of the Muslim Arabs in the 7th century) and the second one affecting Asia Minor and the Balkan peninsula (the conquest of which was completed by the Turks in 1453).
		Great calamities were to strike the remainder of the Empire during the next centuries, but that is another chapter.
	historicist.tripod.com /ch8.htm (1138 words)

	Roman Empire
		Crises in the late second century, including threats to the empire’s territorial integrity, led to a military monarchy and heightened the importance of the army.
		Of all the Germanic tribes, the Franks gradually became the strongest and established the largest kingdom in western and central Europe after the downfall of the western Roman empire.
		The fall of the western Roman empire led to the loss of an administrative center: after Odovacar and Theodoric, no leader to unify the west.
	www.indiana.edu /~hisdcl/h113_2001/germans.htm (921 words)

	Italian Peninsula, 1-500 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Under the Roman emperors, the Italian peninsula, particularly Rome and its surrounding areas, experiences great achievements in literature, architecture, and the arts.
		Constantinople replaces Rome as the new capital in 330 A.D., and the Italian peninsula, as part of the Western Roman Empire, eventually falls to the Ostrogoths in 476.
		The battle is seen as a watershed in the decline of the Roman army and its ability to stem the
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/05/eust/ht05eust.htm (825 words)

	SparkNotes: The Fall of Rome (150CE-475CE): The Disappearance of the Western Roman Empire I: 410-440
		While the indigenous population of Aquitane remained responsible to Roman civil administration, the Visigoths answered only to their own kings, laws, and Arian Christian ecclesiastical authorities.
		Honorius died in 423, by which time Western Roman lands were in disarray--Italy, Gaul, and segments of Iberia had been severely plundered, Britain had been abandoned, Northern Gaul's allegiances were unreliable, and remaining areas nominally in the empire were beyond effective Roman authority by foederati-hospitalitas.
		Though Roman in form, procedure, self- conception, and stated allegiances, such local principalities were effectively beyond the shrinking Imperial reach.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome4/section5.rhtml (1030 words)

	History 303: Fall of the Western Empire, 395-476 A.D.
		The Western* throne was unoccupied for 18 months after the death of Severus III until Leo I sent the senator Anthemius.
		Thereafter his territory passed to the Eastern Roman Empire.
		RICHMER deposes Majorian and elevates Severus III (461-465) as Western Emperor.
	www.tulane.edu /~august/H303/chronologies/Fall_Western_Empire.htm (680 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Late Antiquity
		The End of the Roman Empire in the West
		On the Fall of the Roman Empire [At this Site][added 7/2/98 to Rome page]
		Mithraism: The Legacy of the Roman Empire's Final Pagan State [At Theological Networks]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook10.html (670 words)

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