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	Chinese History -Western Xia Dynasty (Xixia) è¥¿å¤ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Li Yichao æå½è¶ was able to defend the kingdom of Xia against the Later Tang Dynasty å¾å” and was therefore acknowledged as the supremate head of all Tangut tribes in th 930s.
		Western Xia forged an alliance with Jin é‘, the succession state of Liao, but in vain: In 1227 Li Xian æç, the Last Emperor (Xixia Modi è¥¿å¤æ«å¸), submitted to the Mongols and was killed on the way to their headquarters.
		Note: The short-lived Eastern Xia empire (Dongxia æ±å¤) was founded by a sideline of the Silla (Chinese: Xinluo æ—°ç¾) empire in Korea and occupied the territory of modern Jilin province.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/xixia-event.html (1154 words)

	Genghis Khan
		The vassal emperor of Western Xia had refused to take part in the war against the Khwarizm, and Genghis had vowed punishment.
		Meanwhile, he studied intelligence reports from Western Xia and Jin and readied a force of 180,000 troops for a new campaign.
		Pursuing energetically, the Mongols killed the Western Xia emperor in a mountain fortress.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ge/Genghis_Khan.html (1056 words)

	Yuan Dynasty Summary
		At the time of the Khuriltai, Genghis was involved in a dispute with Western Xia — which eventually became the first of his wars of conquest.
		The vassal emperor of Western Xia had refused to take part in the war against the peoples of the Khwarizm, and Genghis had vowed punishment.
		In 1226, Genghis Khan attacked the Tanguts (Western Xia) on the pretext that the Tanguts received the Mongols' enemies.
	www.bookrags.com /Yuan_Dynasty (3173 words)

	Chinese Dynasties
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.
		Western traders, missionaries, and soldiers of fortune began to arrive in large numbers even before the Qing, in the sixteenth century.
		The empire's inability to evaluate correctly the nature of the new challenge or to respond flexibly to it resulted in the demise of the Qing and the collapse of the entire millennia-old framework of dynastic rule.
	chinatravelz.com /china/chinese-history (2064 words)

	×ß½üÎ÷ÏÄ close2xixia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rulers of the Western Xia Dynasty (Xixia) Î÷ÏÄ (1032-1227)
		The Tangut people of the Western Xia kingdom did not adopt Chinese customs and habits as quick as the Liao-Khitan ruling class had done; the main part of their ruling class remained to be nomads.
		From 1228 on the western region was occupied by the Western Liao empire (Xiliao Î÷ß).
	close2xixia.bokee.com (3571 words)

	Silkroad Foundation \| Dunhuang Studies
		The Mongols replaced the Western Xia as the ruler of Dunhuang in 1226, five decades earlier than the fall of the Southern Song.
		The Huns from the north defeated the Yuezhi tribes and became the new master of the Dunhuang region.
		Shazhou (Dunhuang) was conquered by the Western Xia.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhhistory.html (2653 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Western Xia Dynasty () or the Tangut Empire was a state that existed from 1032 up to 1227 in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia.
		His mother became the regent and during Yizong's reign, Liao Dynasty launched an invasion of Western Xia, causing Western Xia to submit to Liao Dynasty as a vassal state.
		Chongzong submitted to the Jin demand of the Liao emperor and Western Xia became a vassal state of Jin.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Western_Xia (852 words)

	Song, Lioa, Western Xia, Yuan, Ming
		Western Europe had slowly declined from this level in 1 AD to $400 by 1000 AD.
		There his successors finally were defeated, but not until 1234.The vassal emperor of Western Xia had refused to take part in the war against the peoples of the Khwarizm, and Genghis had vowed punishment.
		In 1226, Genghis Khan attacked the Tanguts (Western Xia) on the pretext that the Tanguts received the Mongols' enemies.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinadynasties3.html (3227 words)

	The Pyramids of China - Western Xia Tombs
		Dubbed the "Pyramids of China", the Western Xia Tombs include nine mausoleums housing the imperial family and 207 tombs belonging to dukes and ministers.
		Yinchuan, capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Western Xia Tombs cover an area of 40 square kilometers; they are located on the eastern slope of the Helan Mountain range, just south of the Gunzhong Pass.
		In contrast to the wooden and stone structures of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasty imperial tombs, the Western Xia Tombs are made of earth and brick, reflecting the culture of the ancient western kingdom.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_curiosity/2004-06/09/content_47365.htm (260 words)

	The Mongol Conquest of Xi-Xia and Jin - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Little is known of Xi Xia military equipment and organisation, but their territory contained what in Tang times had been the best horse-raising pastures in the empire, and they are known to have relied heavily on their cavalry; it was superior in both number and quality to that of the Song.
		As for the Xi Xia, my sources tell me that at the initial battle of Wulahai in 1209, where the Crown Prince and Commander in Chief Gao Yi were defeated by the Mongol army and Gao Yi was captured and killed, their command had 50,000 troops.
		The Xi Xia lost the western half of its territory (the Gansu Corridor), and the new emperor died a broken man. He was succeeded by his nephew, the last emperor of the Xi Xia.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4248 (4870 words)

	Western Xia Tombs
		In contrast to the wooden and stone structures of the Ming and Qing imperial tombs, the Western Xia Tombs are earth and brick structures which reflect the culture of the ancient western kingdom.
		Located 30 kilometers west of Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Western Xia Tombs include nine mausoleums housing the imperial family and 207 tombs of dukes and ministers.
		In the war against the ancient Mongolian army from 1220 to 1227, Western Xia Kingdom failed and the imperial tombs were damaged.
	www.china.org.cn /english/travel/86953.htm (676 words)

	Western Xia Tombs (Xixia wangling) - West Xia Kingdom (1038-1227) Was Once A Powerfu Kingdom, In 1227, It Was Conquered ...
		Western Xia Tombs (Xixia wangling) - West Xia Kingdom (1038-1227) Was Once A Powerfu Kingdom, In 1227, It Was Conquered By Genghis Khan.
		The Western Xia Tombs (Xixia wangling) are heralded by the Chinese as the "Pyramids of China".
		The Western Xia went on to last through around 12 kings, so that now there are nine main tombs left (being rebuilt) and 140 annex tombs containing various important personages, relatives, concubines or empty spaces.
	chinatravelz.com /china/Ningxia/yinchuan/Western-Xia-Tombs/index.asp (441 words)

	CNTO - China National Tourist Office
		There are many places of interest such as the Western Xia Tombs, the scenic Liupan Mountain, Shapotou Sand Control Project Tourist Area (which has been chosen as one of "the Five Hundred Best Projects of the Global Ecology" by United Nations), and a variety of other sites.
		An ancient and well-known city in the west, it was once the capital of the Western Xia Dynasty.
		The Western Xia Tombs are located at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain, 18.6 miles west of Yinchuan.
	www.cnto.org /silkroad-ningxia.asp (413 words)

	China Tours - China Travel - China Travel Tour - China Travel Guide - China Travel Service - China Custom Tours
		In ancient times, the local regime, the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia, was locked in confrontations with the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties for 189 years, during which time the throne changed hands for ten times.
		Nine tombs of Western Xia kings and 140-plus companion tombs buried with the remains of major imperial family members and aristocrats are laid out according to the contours of the terrain in an area of 50 square km on the eastern side of Helan Mountain 35 km west of Yinchuan.
		the main attractions of the Scenic Qingtongxia Reservoir on the western shore of the YellowRiver are 108 Buddhist pagodas.
	www.chinacustomtours.com /city/ningxia.html (1013 words)

	Imperial Tombs of Western Xia (1038-1227)
		In 1227, Western Xia was conquered by Yuan emperor Tai Zu (Genghis Khan).
		One time or another, the Western Xia regime was in rivalry or in alliance with the Song, the Liao and the Kin, becoming an independent kingdom in the northwest area.
		This is demonstrated in the architecture of Western Xia mausoleums.
	www.china.org.cn /english/features/atam/115215.htm (1040 words)

	Western Xia dynasty - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Its territories stretched from the Yellow River in the east to Yumen Pass (in today's Dunhuang County, Gansu Province) in the west and from Xiaoguan in the south (today's Guyuan in Ningxia) to the Gobi desert in the north.
		Western Xia was founded by the Tanguts (chinese: Dangxiang 党项族), who were a branch of the Qiang (羌) nationality closely related to the Tibetans.
		The founding of Western Xia and its subsequent reign contributed greatly to development of northwest China.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=872 (1230 words)

	About China: China Travel Information
		The Western Xia Mausoleums is located at the eastern slope of the Helan Mountain, 30 km.
		This is a rarely treasure house of art in the culture history of the Western Xia.
		The Western Xia Mausoleums are praised as "the Pyramid in China" by the foreign tourists.
	www.china-travel-agent.com /city_guides/view.php?city=yinchuan&id=1022636628 (138 words)

	Mausoleums of Kings of Western Xia
		The mausoleums of the ancient kingdom of Western Xia kings are reputed to be the "Pyramids in the Orient".
		A seven-layered solid pagoda of 22 meters in height and octagonal in shape, with each side measuring 12 meters in length, is positioned 10 meters west of the vertical line of each mausoleum, which is also graced with two to three stele pavilions.
		The Western Xia was once a valiant kingdom covering the whole Ningxia, most of Gansu and parts of Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_artqa/2003-09/24/content_39514.htm (361 words)

	Discover a Lost Dynasty -- About Western Xia
		The Tangut people of the Western Xia kingdom did not adopt Chinese customs and habits as quick as the Liao-Khitan ruling class had done; the main part of their ruling class remained to be nomads.
		The political system of the Western Xia empire was a mixture between the old Tangut clan structures and the system of the Song Dynasty 宋 bureaucracy.
		Emperor Li Yuanhao in 1033 introduced the Chinese administration structure of the Song Dynasty, including the highest institutions of state secretariat, bureau of military affairs, three military, judicial and fiscal offices or agencies, the censorate, and the subordinated directorates and offices for the administration of the state finances, state rites, and the imperial court.
	www.yellowsheepriver.com /~nx000007/wangchaojianjie_english.htm (447 words)

	China Stamps 1996-21 Scott 2709-12 Mausoleums of Western Xia
		The Western Xia regime was a Dangsiang nationality dominated feudal kingdom, founded in northwestern China in about the beginning of 11th century to the beginning of 13th century.
		At its zenith, Western Xia's territory covered "thousands of square kilometers, including sands to the east of the Yellow River, Yumen Pass in the west; in the south it bordered the Xiaoguan Pass, and controlled the great deserts in the north".
		The glorious history and splendid culture Western Xia created were exemplified in the grandiose emperors tombs and in the cultural relics and ancient books and records scattered in various areas.
	www.xabusiness.com /china-stamps-1996/1996-21.htm (483 words)

	Yinchuan : In Depth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The (Nearly) Lost Dynasty of the Xi Xia--After Genghis Khan died in 1227 near the Xi Xia (Western Xia) capital of Zhongxing Fu (present-day Yinchuan), his corpse was carried in an ox-drawn chariot -- the centerpiece of a grand procession that led back to the Mongolian steppe.
		As dour as it must have been, the escorting soldiers might have smiled to themselves in the knowledge they were returning home victorious -- having once and for all defeated the Xi Xia (Western Xia) dynasty (1038-1227), which had lasted almost 200 years.
		Almost a century later, the Xia's alliance with the Jin (the Jurchen state) ignited the wrath of Genghis Khan, who personally led his troops south to destroy the "Great Xia," as they called themselves.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=3345&catID=3345010012 (354 words)

	The Western Xia Mausoleum Area - Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region - Adventure to the Wild West of China
		The Mausoleums of the kings of the Western Xia Dynasty are located on the eastern for of the Mount Helanshan at the western suburb of Yinchuan City, 35 km away from the city propel It is one of the key historical relics protected b the state.
		In the area, along the topographical curve, 9 tombs c kings of the Western Xia Dynasty were buried and more than 140 accompanied tombs of distinguished subjects and nobles and imperial relatives were also buried there with their rulers.
		Each tomb, due to the rise and fall of the topography, is a complete construction, covering an area of 100 000 square meters, and composed o watchtowers, turrets, walls of niches of deities stone tablet pavilions, external and internal cities the hall of presenting offerings, and escalated tomb terrace.
	www.chinaplanner.com /westchina/ningxiahui/xia.htm (1255 words)

	Chinese Xia Shang History -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Xia people, who later moved from Shanxi to Henan Prov and founded the dynasty of Xia, certainly brought with them the important dragon totem, a mark that would also be observed among the Huns of Mongolia and the Tungus of Manchuria for the thousands of years to come.
		Xia Chinese remnants, in the opinion of Wang Zhonghan, would evolve into Gui-gang [ghost domain] barbarians who were to fight the Shang Dynasty for hundreds of years till being subdued and then acting as a vassal together with Zhou people's ancestor Count Xi-bo.
		His wife, together with the wife of last Xia Lord Jie in the past and the wife of King Youwang of Western Zhou Dynasty in the future, would be condemned as the "female disater water" that is ironically the immortal topic of all decadent dynasties in China's history.
	www.republicanchina.org /XiaShang.html (11865 words)

	Tombs of Kings of Western Xia,Yinchuan Travel Guides-China City Tours Guide
		The West Xia Imperial Tombs are 25 kilometers (15.5 miles) west of Yinchuan on east side of Mt. Helan.
		The West Xia Imperial Tombs adopted the zhao-mu burial system (the father is zhao, son is mu while grandson is zhao again.).
		The West Xia Imperial Tombs are not only a state cultural heritage but also a state scenic spot.
	www.achinatravel.com /china-travel/china-ningxia-yinchuan-tombs-of-kings-of-western-xia.asp (440 words)

	Beauty, the Land of China - Ningxia
		It was the capital of Western Xia for 190 years, which was destroyed by Genghis Khan.
		The gates face east and four arches lead to the four sides and there is a wooden ladder by which you may climb up to the ninth floor.
		The Western Xia Mausoleum is located on the eastern slope of Helan Mountain in the western suburbs of Yinchuan City and contains the tombs of emperors of the Western Xia.
	library.thinkquest.org /20443/ningxia.html (628 words)

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