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Topic: Western betrayal

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I saw Poland betrayed

Occupation of Czechoslovakia

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Curzon line

Josef Frantisek

	Western Betrayal
		-->Western betrayal is a popular term in several Central European nations (including Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, the Baltic States, and other Eastern European countries) which refers to the foreign policy of several Western countries during the period from the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 through World War II and to the Cold War.
		The term Western betrayal (''zrada ZÃ¡padu'' in Czech) was coined after Munich Conference (1938) when Czechoslovakia was forced to cede part of its area (Sudetenland) to Germany.
		Also, from talk: The failure of the Western powers to recognize Ukrainian nationhood at the Paris Peace Conference (1919), the British hand-over of the Cossacks to the Soviets, and the perception of betrayal at the Yalta conference are all relevant to Ukraine.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Western_betrayal (7587 words)

	(Un)Acceptability of Betrayal
		Acts of betrayal, which violate the trust on which these relationships are based, are generally viewed as moral violations, because they involve issues of fairness and justice and because they have consequences for the welfare and well-being of others (Turiel, 1998).
		In addition to the type of justification for the betrayal, sex of respondent, and (for males) sex of transgressor, we found that tolerance of deviation, self-restraint, and behavioral betrayal were associated with acceptance of sexual betrayal.
		In this study we found that young adults strongly disapprove of betrayal, although the type of betrayal (whether of a romantic partner or a same sex friend), the justification for the betrayal, and the characteristics of the respondents influenced the degree of unacceptability.
	www.stanford.edu /~ssf/Betrayal/bet3.html (6562 words)

	At the turn of the twenty-first century, two equally important issues seemed to dominate international concerns: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The colonial forces, especially the British, introduced western forms of monarchy regimes that are alien to the region and to the historic traditions of its peoples (Lewis, 2000).
		Western imperialism and defensiveness against it by anti-imperial regimes in the region have ensured that the peoples of the Middle East did not experience true processes of liberation.
		Unlike images of natives that are spread by western popular culture (Shaheen, 2001), Arabs are intelligent and able to identify hypocrisy when they see one evil sanctioned because of friendliness to the United States and another targeted because of non-friendliness to the United States.
	www.pamij.com /9-1/pam9-1-2-alkadry.htm (3799 words)

	arthritis pain relief - Western betrayal
		Western betrayal is a concept, particularly popular among several Central European nations, (including Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia).
		While the victorious Western allies supported the idea of independent Poland, their main reason for it was to weaken Germany and Russia.
		Western public opinion was strongly pro-Bolshevik, and when in early 1920 Poland looked likely to lose the war (which did not happen), Western diplomats encouraged Poland to surrender and settle for large territorial losses (the Curzon line).
	www.painreliefchat.com /arthritis-pain-relief/Western_betrayal (4512 words)

	Betrayal (women in Afghanistan) by Mariam Rawi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the western province of Herat warlord Ismail Khan imposes Taliban-like decrees.
		It is painful for us to hear Western leaders and media speak about the 'liberation' of Afghanistan when the US is lending generous support to the Northern Alliance (NA), brethren-in-creed of the Taliban.
		Some Western writers have tried to suggest that women's oppression has its roots in our tradition and that it is disrespectful of 'cultural difference' to criticize it.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Women/Betrayal_Afghan_Women.html (1660 words)

	"The Last Work of Edmund Husserl" by Aron Gurwitsch: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All the irrationalistic and anti-intellectualistic tendencies which have of late made their appearance on the Western scene are symptoms of the disease which has befallen Western man, of his estrangement from himself, of his betrayal of himself, that paradoxical betrayal through partial realization.
		Resuscitating the idea of philosophy in the classical sense in which it was conceived in Greece, re-orienting Western man towards this idea as the telos of his historical existence, phenomenology permits him to become again true to himself.
		Western man in his specific historicity, we remember, makes his appearance along with, and owing to, the rise of the idea of philosophy or rationalism in Greek antiquity.
	world.std.com /~awolpert/gtr465.html (7806 words)

	Western betrayal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		'''Western betrayal''' refers to certain views about the Allied policy towards various Central European countries from the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 to the decades-long aftermath of World War II, the Cold War.
		The concept is popular among several Central European nations (including Poland, former Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) stating that during and after World War II the western Allies, despite having signed numerous pacts and international alliances with the countries in question and glorifying democracy, have betrayed their allies by not fulfilling the signed alliances and made promises.
		Western public opinion was strongly pro-Bolsheviks, and when in early 1920 Poland looked likely to lose the war, Western diplomats encouraged Poland to surrender and settle for large territorial loses (the Curzon line).
	western-betrayal.kiwiki.homeip.net (4489 words)

	Western betrayal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Betrayal of the Cossacks at Linz, Cossacks including women and children were delivered to the Soviet Union, for a similar fate.
		While the victorious Western allies proclaimed their support for an independent Poland, they primarily wanted to weaken Germany and the Soviet Union.
		Poland: Invaded by totalitarians and betrayed by the Allies
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_betrayal (7297 words)

	Western betrayal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Western betrayal is a popular term in several Central European nations (including Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia) which refers to the foreign policy of several Western countries during the period from the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 through World War II and to the Cold War.
		Perhaps even more importantly then the "betrayal" alleged at Yalta as a influence on Polish public opinion, was the decision by U.S and British governments to create West Germany in the late 1940s; an action that deeply shocked and horrified people in Poland.
		The term Munich betrayal (Mnichovská zrada in Czech) is frequently used to denote the Munich Agreement.
	www.godseye.com /stat/en/w/e/s/Western_betrayal.html (9431 words)

	Imperialism
		Part of this was due, first, to a rearrangement of land use that accompanies Western colonialism and to Western success in preventing industrialization in areas Westerners saw as markets for their manufactured goods.
		A third aspect of Western expansion was that European states established vast political empires, mainly in Africa but also in Asia.
		A third response was the modernist response of Western-educated natives, who were repelled by Western racism and attracted by Western ideals of national independence and economic progress.
	www.fresno.k12.ca.us /schools/s090/lloyd/imperialism.htm (367 words)

	Western Sahara: UN Plan and Critique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The population of Western Sahara, through their executive, legislative and judicial bodies shall have exclusive competence over local governmental administration, territorial budget and taxation, law enforcement, internal security, social welfare, culture, education, commerce, transportation, agriculture, mining, fisheries and industry, environmental policy, housing and urban development, water and electricity, roads and other basic infrastructure.
		The status of Western Sahara will be submitted to a referendum of qualified voters on such date as the parties hereto shall agree, within the five year period following the initial actions to implement this agreement.
		The Western Saharan government-in-exile has rightly dismissed this proposal as a fundamental violation of right of Sahrawi self-determination, the UN charter, and basic principles of international law.
	www.africaaction.org /docs01/wsah0106.htm (1760 words)

	19th Century Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Western civilization reached the high point of its expansion by about 1914.
		This phenomenon was partly due to the rearrangement of land use that accompanied Western Colonialism; and partly engineered by Western nations seeking to keep their monopoly on industry.
		Another response was the modernist response of Western-educated natives, who were repelled by Western racism and attracted by Western ideals of national independence and economic progress.
	www.coldwater.k12.mi.us /apeuro/19th_century_imperialism.htm (302 words)

	World War II - Military History Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Western Europe largely aligned as NATO and Eastern Europe largely as the Warsaw pact, alliances which were fundamental to the ensuing Cold War.
		The mission was unrealistic to began with, since German plans largely relied on capturing Allied fuel dumps in order to keep their vehicles moving with the goal of capturing the vital port of Antwerp, and thus crippling the Allies in the Battle of the Bulge.
		In the areas occupied by Western Allied troops, democratic governments were created; in the areas occupied by Soviet troops, including the territories of former Allies such as Poland, communist puppet governments were created, giving rise to the western betrayal sentiment in many of those countries.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /wiki/World_War_II (8698 words)

	Amazon.ca: Under Western Eyes: Books: Joseph Conrad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All in all, Under Western Eyes is about ideas--as Conrad repeatedly suggests-an ideal gripping psychological tale of a young intellectual's suffering for choosing the path of the czarist leaders.
		I might label "Under Western Eyes" a comic-tragedy, in that the primary factor behind the story's tragic chain of events is a misunderstanding.
		Under Western Eyes is not a light novel but a deep, refelctive study of the Russian intellect and society.
	www.amazon.ca /Under-Western-Eyes-Joseph-Conrad/dp/0486431649 (1918 words)

	Middle East Information - MEIC Issues and analysis of the Middle East: Conflicts, News, History, Religions and ...
		A survey commissioned by the Telegraph newspaper found that one in four British Muslims expressed sympathy for the subway bombers and that one in three condemned Western society as "decadent" and thought it should be brought to an end.
		More and more Europeans will now agree that Western societies are entitled to expect their Muslim minorities to adapt to the countries they've migrated to.
		When Westerners like the mayor of London pin the blame for everything wrong in the Middle East on some alleged Western betrayal 80 years ago, or pile accusations against President Bush and Prime Minister Blair, they do not appease the angry people in their midst: They embolden them.
	www.middleeastinfo.org /commentary.php?id=2116 (765 words)

	Western betrayal
		Western betrayal is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		While the victorious Western allies proclaimed their support for an independent Poland, their hidden motivation was to weaken Germany and Russia.
		The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General Franz Halder, chief of the general staff, and directed by General Walther von Brauchitsch, the commander in chief of the upcoming campaign.
	www.experiencefestival.com /western_betrayal (1019 words)

	WSO\| News - Jun 2001
		The steps of Parliament House were ablaze with colour and the flash of media cameras tonight as two camels draped in the Western Sahara flag arrived, watched by dignitaries, trade union leaders and Western Sahara supporters in traditional dress.
		UN's Special Envoy to Western Sahara, James Baker III, recently presented to Polisario Front a 'slightly improved' Moroccan proposal for autonomy to the former Spanish colony [Western Sahara].
		Lakaibat (Northeast Western Sahara): The Polisario Front staged military manoeuvres on Tuesday June 5th at Lakaibat, Tifarity - 2nd military region, in the liberated territories of the SADR, in which armoured vehicles, anti-aircraft artillery and infantry batallions took part..
	www.wsahara.net /2001/Jun01.html (1705 words)

	Western betrayal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In July 1920, Britain announced it would send huge quantities of World War One surplus military supplies to Poland, but a threatened general strike by the TUC who objected to British support of "White Poland" ensured that none of the weapons that were supposed to go to Poland went any further then British ports.
		In the light of the fact that Benes felt precisly the same way, it is hard to argue that this was a "betrayal" by the West.
		Benes who always been somthing of a "Fellow traveller" felt deeply betrayed by the Munich Agreement, and came to the conclusion that the West could never be regarded upon to defend Czechoslovakia.
	western-betrayal.iqnaut.net (6768 words)

	Curriculum Vita Laurie L
		Couch, L. L., Jones, W. H., and Moore, D. Buffering the effects of betrayal: The role of apology, forgiveness, and commitment.
		Long-term interpersonal consequences of betrayal: The effects of subclinical emotional reactions.
		The impact of event characteristics on coping with interpersonal betrayal.
	people.morehead-st.edu /fs/l.couch/vita.htm (1272 words)

	JR.com: Movies / Westerns / Betrayal
		The first true Spaghetti Western follows the exploits of a nameless drifter (Clint Eastwood) who wanders into a town torn apart by...
		RED RIVER, Howard Hawks’s masterpiece, is one of the greatest Westerns ever filmed, a saga of obsession and rivalry between a man and...
		Famed westerns actor Chuck Connors (TV's THE RIFLEMAN) plays the leader of a group of civil war veterans who head to South America...
	www.jr.com /xs-movies-westerns-betrayal--nn!18442;ne!471.html (486 words)

	Globalism Sun Tzu & The Art of War: The Betrayal of Western Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The concept of holistic is a term that is commonly applied to a form of medicine, but within the varied cultures of China it has a critical meaning that emphasizes the importance of the whole and the interdependence of its parts.
		Sun Tzu, unlike many Western analysts, focuses on the period before the war begins as a principle realm for strategy.
		This pre-war period requires deft manipulation of friends and enemies during the mobilization of military forces, stockpiling of logistic requirements for the initial campaigns, and other preparations for war.
	www.prisonplanet.com /analysis_hall_122602_war.html (1286 words)

	Fighting the Infidel: the East-West holy wars are not just history Weekly Standard, The - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He faults scholars, pundits, and laymen on both sides of the East-West divide for allowing the memory of the Crusades to be "woven into intractable modern political problems," where it "blurs fantasy and scholarship" and exacerbates present-day hatreds.
		As Tyerman persuasively describes them, the Crusades were neither an attempt at Western hegemony, nor a betrayal of Western Christian teaching and practice.
		In the end, the religious war, whether the Western crusade or the eastern jihad, seems then as now to have been something of a free radical within both cultures.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0RMQ/is_40_10/ai_n14791827. (714 words)

	ZNet Commentary
		The UN-negotiated arrangement with Indonesia that gave the East Timorese the right to vote on whether to exit from Indonesian authority was given verbal support by the United States and other Great Powers, and the right of the East Timorese to freedom from external rule is part of the proclaimed values of the West.
		Given Western knowledge of Indonesia's plans, the West's failure to take preventive action goes beyond mere appeasement to tacit collusion.
		The difference between the earlier and later years is that with the UN-sponsored referendum the publicity level has been high, so that continued Western support of Indonesia has been more exposed and it has been obliged to make gestures of concern.
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/1999-09/28herman.htm (1012 words)

	THE TRAGEDY OF CHINESE REVOLUTION -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		The side effects would be the trashing of Chinese traditions and essences, the decadence lifestyle resulting from sexual liberalization, the nihilism of Chinese nationality and the wholesale Westernization, the embracing of Bolshevikism, and the conversion of numerous intellectuals into communists who looked to the Bolshevik Russians as their 'step-father'.
		The cause and effect of Western countries' betrayal to China on the matter of Japan inheriting German interests on Shandong Peninsula would be the students' movement on May 4th 1919.
		Gu Weijun's treaty was betrayed by both Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Tse-tung's so-called "friendship" treaty with USSR in 1945 and 1950, respectively.
	www.republicanchina.org /tragedy.htm (11858 words)

	Israel Forum
		Already, Japan announced that Hamas should be considered the rightful leader of the Palestinian people, and unless the terror group is caught red-handed perpetrating high-casualty suicide bombings, other nations are expected lend their legitimacy to Hamas, as well.
		To be sure, the Russians intended their action to be as large an affront as the Israelis took it to be.
		They correctly calculated that the more flagrant the betrayal of Western interests, the more likely the Russians are to regain their monopoly over weapons trade with radical, terrorist-supporting Muslim countries, like Iran, Syria, and the Palestinians.
	www.israelforum.com /page.php?sn=175 (1223 words)

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