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Topic: Western honeybee

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Apis mellifera

European dark bee

List of honeybee races

Carniolan honeybee

Apis mellifera ligustica

Italian bee

Honeybee

Africanized bee

Honey bee

Apis mellifera carnica

Beekeeping leading practices

Worker bee

Honey

Honeybee life cycle

Apiary

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	Western Honeybee and Japanese Honeybee
		Western honeybee is used to live in Europe, Africa, and Middle eastern.
		In Meiji Era in Japan, western honeybee was imported to harvest honey.
		Western honeybee in Japan is categorized in Italian, whose abdomen is yellow.
	homepage3.nifty.com /jhb/english/seiyou.htm (226 words)

	Beekeeping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Western honeybees are not native to the Americas.
		Western honeybees were also brought to the Primorsky Krai in Russia by Ukrainian settlers around 1850s.
		Honeybees need to cluster together in winter in order to maintain the required temperature (9 degrees celsius) for their survival, and with reduced populations it would be more difficult to achieve this temperature threshold.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Beekeeping (1586 words)

	Western honeybee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western honeybee or European honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honeybee comprised of several subspecies or races.
		In the temperate zone, these honeybees survive winter as a colony, and the queen begins egg laying in mid to late winter, to prepare for spring.
		In honeybees, the worker bees have a modified ovipositor called a stinger with which they can sting to defend the hive, but unlike other bees (and even unlike the queens of their own species), the stinger is barbed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_honeybee (2925 words)

	BIBBA Bee Improvement and Bee breeding Association - honey bee conservation
		Honeybees belong to the family of social bees which includes bumble bees and the tropical stingless bees of the genus Meliponinae.
		Two attributes of honeybees which have been essential to their evolution and biology are their clustering behaviour and, particularly in the case of the cavity-nesting species, their ability to cool the nest by evaporation of water collected outside.
		Two dozen geographic races of the Western Honeybee, Apis mellifera, have been recognised, adapted to a range of environments from the cold Continental climate of Eastern Europe, through the moist temperate climate of the Atlantic seaboard, the warmth of the Mediterranean, and the heat of the tropics and semi-deserts.
	www.angus.co.uk /bibba/bibborig.html (7103 words)

	Bee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The sting of a worker honeybee is well barbed and, when removed, usually tears the bee's body, causing death.
		The most familiar bee is the western honeybee (Apis mellifera), a native of Europe and Africa.
		Pheromones are also used to mark trails to food sources, although honeybees also use their dance "language" to communicate direction and distance to forage or other resources.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?ArticleId=A0000632 (981 words)

	Honey Bee Pictures - Apis Mellifera - Cirrus Digital Imaging
		Honeybees, both wild and domesticated, are undergoing a worldwide decline due to infestations of parasitic mites and the ravages of various viruses, as well as susceptibility to pesticides.
		Honeybees probably originated in Tropical Africa and spread from South Africa to Northern Europe and East into India and China.
		The Native Americans called the honeybee "the white man's fly." Honeybees did not naturally cross the Rockies; they were carried by ship to California in the early 1850s.
	www.cirrusimage.com /bees_honey.htm (947 words)

	The Bee Page
		Beekeeping, or apiculture, is the cultivation of colonies of honeybees.
		Honeybees communicate direction and distance from the hive to nectar sources through a sophisticated dance "language".
		Honeybees also have a built-in clock that appears to be synchronized with the secretion of nectar from flowers.
	members.tripod.com /~azuregardens/bees.html (1106 words)

	Honey Bee - a garden friend
		The Honeybees are truly the gardener's friend and are not the killer beast depicted in the cinema.
		Unlike most insects, honeybees remain active throughout the winter and the honey is produced from the nectar of flowers so they will have plenty of food when it is unavailable from plants.
		When threatened, honeybees will swarm out and attack with their stingers to drive the enemy away, but generally as they forage around they are quite harmless and only sting if accidently caught in clothing.
	www.dgsgardening.btinternet.co.uk /bee.htm (1170 words)

	The Ecology of the Honey Bee
		Honeybees cannot use the buzz pollination (the vigorous vibration used by bumblebees) necessary to efficiently pollinate tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, peppers, blueberries, watermelon, and cranberries.
		Honeybees steal pollen and nectar from other pollinators, but honeybees are not necessarily the best pollinators in natural ecosystems.
		In addition to the threat from the honeybees, native pollinators are in decline due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, chemical farming, monocropping and insecticides, all of which only exacerbate the competition with honeybees (Sugden 156).
	www.vegetus.org /honey/ecology.htm (2231 words)

	The Honeybee Family
		Honeybees are the only bees that live together in a complex well-organised society and store food to enable the colony to survive the winter, when forage is no longer available.
		Apis mellifera is the Western honeybee - the honeybee of this country.
		Honeybees quickly became an essential part of the local fauna living in the forests of New England and Virginia in large numbers.
	www.bbka.org.uk /articles/honeybee_family.php (3372 words)

	What is Apiculture - BC Ministry of Agriculture and Lands
		Although apiculture refers to the honeybee, the vital role all bees play in the pollination of crops and flowering plants has caused apiculture to also include the management and study of non-Apis bees such as bumblebees and leafcutter bees.
		Honeybees are indigenous to the Eurasian and African continents and were introduced to the Americas and Australia by European settlers.
		Honeybees are used in pollination and play a critical role in the production of many crops, representing a value of over $14 billion per year in North America.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /apiculture/profile.htm (499 words)

	Honey Bee Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		One honeybee with a nasty disposition is the hybrid Brazilian honeybee.
		The western honeybee, or hivebee, also builds its nest of many combs in sheltered places and is found in the United States, Europe, and Africa.
		Honeybees also have a little-understood, built-in clock that appears to be synchronized with the store of nectar in flowers.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/honbeefax.html (1481 words)

	Lone Star Equine Rescue - HoneyBee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Honeybee is currently undergoing a natural trimming regime and has responded beautifully.
		She was reported broke to ride western, neck reins and direct reins, but can be fast under saddle, as some gaited horses tend to be.
		Honeybee has also been ridden in an arena setting recently and did well in terms of controlling her speed when the rider asked her to do so.
	www.lser.org /horses/HoneyBee.htm (590 words)

	Arkansas Urban Wildlife Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Honeybees as a group appear to have their center of origin in Southeast Asia (including the Philippines), as all but one of the extant species are native to that region.
		The honeybee is a colonial insect that is often maintained, fed, and transported by beekeepers.
		Honeybee wings beat at a constant rate of 230 beats per second or 13,800 beats/minute.
	arkansasurbanwildlifecontrol.com /honeybee.htm (504 words)

	JIS: Tschinkel 2.12.2002
		Membranes were assayed utilizing a rabbit antiserum (1:500), raised against honeybee egg proteins (Bitondi and Simões, 1996), followed by incubation with a peroxidase-anti peroxidase system (Dako, Denmark, Z113) and diaminobenzidine (Vector SK-4100) as chromogen.
		Western blot analyses indicated that in queen pupae treated with juvenile hormone, vitellogenin is expressed in PbmI, with increasing levels by Pbd, while in control pupae vitellogenin appeared only in PbmII, and remained at low levels (Fig.
		The apparent ecdysteroid independence of the reproductive physiology of highly eusocial bees contrasts with observations on the primitively eusocial bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, where ecdysteroid titers are elevated in egg laying queens and in queenless workers (Bloch et al., 2000).
	www.insectscience.org /2.1 (4756 words)

	Department of Agriculture, Western Australia : Adapted from Bulletin 4298 : Honeybee pollination : technical data for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Old notes discovered in the files of the Apiculture Section of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, show that one Karragullen fruit grower increased his yield from 17,000 cases of fruit to 25,000 cases with the placement of bees on his property, a 47 per cent improvement.
		Honeybees also flew satisfactorily and visited muskmelon flowers in a large fibreglass greenhouse and a good crop of melons resulted.
		The value of honeybee pollination of canola, sunflower, buckwheat, mustard and Faba beans in Canada was estimated to be between $20 and $50 million dollars in 1987-88.
	www.agric.wa.gov.au /pls/portal30/docs/FOLDER/IKMP/AAP/HBH/bulletin4298_index.htm (5263 words)

	Pollinators - first steps for their conservation
		Should the honeybee population be lost due to varroa, the spectre of massive ecological damage including the possible loss of plant species due to the lack of adequate pollination is not inconceivable, with possible consequent loss of animal species.
		Only by monitoring the arrival of the mite into honeybee colonies in the conservation areas of South Africa, and by determining the effect of the mite on these colonies, will it be possible to determine the true threat of varroa to the floral conservation and biodiversity in these conservation areas.
		It is recommended that a systematic honeybee and varroa mite monitoring programme be established as soon as possible in as many conservation regions of South Africa as is possible, and that a workshop be held to train conservation officials on how to proceed with this monitoring programme.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2001/december/varroa.htm (1706 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Increasing knowledge of the association of honeybee viruses with other honeybee parasites, primarily the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, and their implication in the mass mortality of honeybee colonies has resulted in increasing awareness and interest in honeybee viruses.
		Managed honeybee colonies are the main source of pollinators of cultivated plants in tropical and temperate countries, because of their social structure, their behavior, and their anatomy (Johannesmeier and Mostert, 2001).
		Honeybees are considered to be responsible for 60-70 % of all pollination in South Africa (Johannesmeier and Mostert, 2001).
	www.bioline.org.br /request?jb03123 (4194 words)

	Bee Industry Protection Plan
		Western Australia is well placed to take advantage of this demand as its bees are relatively disease-free compared with the rest of the world.
		Western Australia is also well placed to export live bees to Canada, the Middle East and Korea, however the high cost of air freights and labour are limiting this opportunity from being realised.
		Western Australia's bees are free from most pests and diseases and are protected by surveillance and quarantine measures.
	agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /ento/bee6.htm (11101 words)

	Bees for Development :: Varroa jacobsoni and Apis cerana in the Solomon Islands
		Unfortunately the Asian honeybee is difficult for farmers to keep, because it is more defensive, swarms readily, and produces very little extra honey, and beekeepers are left wondering what to do.
		Following his visit to Guadalcanal, Savo, Western Province and Malaita, Dr Anderson met with representatives of the Solomon Islands Ministry of Agriculture, the honey industry, bee farmers and project funders to explain his findings and to discuss what actions could be taken to help protect the honeybee industry from this new threat.
		Varroa is a genus of mite that are parasites of honeybees.
	www.beesfordevelopment.org /info/info/disease/varroa-jacobsoni-and-apis.shtml (564 words)

	Blue Amber Newsletter -- February 2006
		The Western Honeybee (apis mellifera) -- the bee as we know it -- is not native to the American continent.
		The honeybee may still have buzzed about Europe and Africa when the Amber was still resin, but another species of bee did exist and it is the Mayan culture that reminds us of this.
		The bee species they kept is now identified as a type of stingless honeybee (Melipona beecheii but also Melipona yucatanica) that differs from the traditional Western Honeybee in the fact that is does not, well, sting.
	www.ambarazul.com /newsletter/february06 (756 words)

	Bee Pests and Diseases \| ENTOMOLOGY AT DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WESTERN AUSTRALIA
		However, the full value of both managed and feral honey bees to agricultural/horticultural industries in Western Australia is estimated to be worth $90 million annually in W.A. as many crops are dependent on bees for pollination.
		Apis cerana is slightly smaller than the domestic honeybee and it's nest and cell size is similar to the domestic honeybee only smaller in size.
		The nest is of similar size to domestic honeybees, but the cell size is slightly smaller which can be used for positive identification.
	agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /ento/bee3.htm (607 words)

	Honeybee
		Honeybees have a bright color pattern to warn potential predators (or honey thieves!) that they have a weapon to defend themselves.
		When the hive is threatened, honeybees will swarm out and attack with their stingers to drive the enemy away.
		In contrast to honeybees, nests are made anew each spring by solitary queens who hibernate through the winter.
	www.gpnc.org /honeybee.htm (2276 words)

	BCHPA news - Kashmir Bee Virus
		Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) was diagnosed in the Fraser Valley in the spring of 2004, in a commercial operation whose honeybee colonies had declined and subsequently died.
		KBV and other viral honeybee agents may not have received much attention because disease symptoms were generally not as definitive as others, while laboratory analysis required expertise and resources.
		KBV of honeybees is a RNA-virus in the newly established family Dicistroviridae.
	www.bcbeekeepers.com /news/jl04_kashmir_virus.htm (988 words)

	Printer Friendly Version
		The western honeybee, our state insect, is not actually native.
		However, like the honeybee, bumblebees live in colonies comprised of a single egg-laying queen and workers who forage for food and care for developing young.
		Unlike the honeybee, bumblebee colonies are much smaller in size, and they do not produce harvestable amounts of honey.
	www.naturalheritage.org /printerFriendly.asp?printPage=/news/detail.asp?id=5 (518 words)

	Honeybee - Research in Progress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Investigations were also conducted to the concentration of OTC in whole honeybee larvae and the mid-guts of larvae.
		To produce an extension publication on honeybee nutrition, incorporating research findings from past RIRDC projects, literature searches and anecdotal examples of applications in the Australian context in a format that will be readily understood and adopted by beekeepers.
		Seven papers on pollination including: principles of pollination; honeybees, their life cycle and habits; efficient use of honeybee crop pollination services; honeybee pollination of crops in greenhouses, small enclosures and under hail netting.
	www.rirdc.gov.au /comp00/hb2.html (3792 words)

	Nosema
		The cause of the disease is Nosema apis, which affects the mid gut of the Western honeybee, Apis mellifera spp., and which is wide spread in virtually all honeybee colonies.
		The disease is aggravated by long confinement in the hive due to external unfavourable weather conditions, possible worsened by badly positioned hives, which forces the bees to defecate in the hive, which frequently results in heavy loss of bee life.
		An important cause for the huge honeybee colony losses in Spain was therefore suspected as being a result of the N.ceranae infection, after it was discovered there.
	www.moraybeekeepers.co.uk /nosema.htm (903 words)

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