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Topic: Western Meadowlark

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		The western meadowlark is usually paler and grayer than the eastern, and has more yellow in its cheek, but the only certain way to distinguish the two meadowlark species is by their voice.
		Compare the description of the western meadowlarks' voice above, with this description of the eastern meadowlarks' voice: song is a clear whistled "see-you see-yeeer," and the call a buzzy "dzzert." The call of each species is less variable than the song and should be the primary clue used to distinguish western and eastern meadowlarks.
		However, the western meadowlark is most abundant in mixed grasslands where mid-height grasses, like western wheatgrass, are dominant, and where clumps of residual cover of 4 to 12 inches (10-30 cm) remain to conceal the nest.
	www.northern.edu /natsource/BIRDS/Sdmead1.htm (1376 words)

	Western Meadowlark
		The Western Meadowlark prefers drier grasslands and the Eastern chooses more moist situations.
		In the Western, the yellow feathers extend behind the lower jaw, while in the Eastern the yellow feathers stop on the throat below the lower line of the lower jaw.
		43,895 votes were cast for the Western Meadowlark and the second and third place finishers were the Bobwhite and the Cardinal.
	www.gpnc.org /western.htm (689 words)

	Western Meadowlark
		Western Meadowlarks feed almost entirely on the ground, obtaining food from the top of the ground or by probing beneath the soil.
		Western Meadowlarks have a large repertoire of calls and songs which they use to proclaim territorial ownership, attract mates, warn of potential dangers and maintain social contact.
		Meadowlarks seem to require a territory of about 5-7 acres, and males who are unsuccessful in acquiring mates fail to maintain territories.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /western_meadowlark_info.htm (842 words)

	Western Meadowlark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western Meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta, is a medium-sized flbird, very similar in appearance to the Eastern Meadowlark.
		Their breeding habitat is grasslands and prairie, also pastures and abandoned fields, across western and central North America to northern Mexico.
		They were considered to be the same species for some time; the western species, having been overlooked for some time, was given the species name neglecta.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Meadowlark (270 words)

	Western Meadowlark
		Tout (1947) considered the western meadowlark very common in Lincoln County during the nesting season; dates of peak numbers were late March to early April and during the first week of November.
		Western wheatgrass and fringed sage were especially characteristic of optimum western meadowlark habitat.
		Effect of Habitat Alteration: Western meadowlark is negatively impacted by over-grazing of native grasslands by livestock (Kantrud and Kologiski 1982).
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/birds/platte/species/sturnegl.htm (500 words)

	Western meadowlark Species account
		The western counterpart of the Eastern Meadowlark, the Western Meadowlark is a conspicuous and abundant resident of grasslands, croplands, weedy fallow fields, roadsides, and mixed grasslands/shrublands of central and western North America.
		Western Meadowlarks remain numerous throughout western and central North America from Washington and the prairie provinces south to the southwestern deserts, and east to Iowa and Minnesota (Relative Abundance Map).
		The Western Meadowlark population in Iowa is almost cyclical, with peaks at 8-10 year intervals since 1966 (Iowa Annual Indices).
	www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov /bbs/grass/a5011.htm (637 words)

	Montana State Bird Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta
		The meadowlark was chosen as the State bird of Montana in 1930 by a vote of the school children of the state.
		By an act of the Montana Legislature, the western meadow lark was adopted as the official state bird on March 14, 1931.
		The bird known as the western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta (Audubon), as preferred by a referendum vote of Montana school children, shall be designated and declared to be the official bird of the state of Montana.
	www.netstate.com /states/symb/birds/mt_western_meadowlark.htm (292 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
		The western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta, is an abundant widely distributed bird found in open areas throughout the western and mid-western United States, southern Canada west of the Great Lakes region, and northern Mexico.
		Although the western meadowlark is a talented singer, it is not a lark; rather, it is a member of the flbird family.
		Western meadowlarks forage for grain, seeds, and insects on the ground, sometimes probing into the ground for a food item.
	dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov /rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=sturnegl (402 words)

	* Western Meadowlark - (Bird): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Migrations: Summers in the western half of the U.S. and the upper Midwest, Northern populations mouth south in the fall.
		A meadowlark found by Eric Cooke and Sylvia Fullerton at Cherry Hill Beach, Lunenburg County, on 1 January 1982 uttered the characteristic call note of this species...
		The Western Meadowlark, which generally prefers somewhat drier habitats and ranges from parts of western Alabama westward to California, is quite similar in plumage...
	www.mimihu.com /bird/western_meadowlark.html (232 words)

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		Western Meadowlarks are primarily ground feeders, acquiring food from the top of the ground or by probing beneath the soil (Friends of Edgewood Natural Preserve).
		Western Meadowlark densities were higher in hayfields mowed the previous year compared to grasslands that were lightly to heavily grazed.
		Western Meadowlarks respond positively when light to moderate grazing is used, however, heavy grazing has a negative effect on the birds.
	www.uwrf.edu /biology/colloquium_dir/MarianChristen/wildlife.htm (7159 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Western Meadowlarks are resident throughout much of their range, but when deep snow covers food sources they may move into sheltered valleys.
		Western Meadowlarks are abundant and widespread, but breeding populations have declined slightly throughout their range in recent years, a trend seen in Washington in both the winter and breeding seasons.
		Western Washington breeders are rare to uncommon, and are locally distributed in the Puget Trough, the Vancouver lowlands, and Sequim, where they remain year round, and are joined in winter by birds from the north and east.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/species.asp?id=440 (737 words)

	All About Birds
		An abundant and familiar bird of open country across the western two-thirds of the continent, the Western Meadowlark is beloved for its melodic song.
		When Western and Eastern meadowlarks nest in the same area, the Western Meadowlark male will defend his territory against all male meadowlarks of either species.
		The Western Meadowlark uses a "chase" display during pair formation, with the male chasing the female.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Western_Meadowlark.html (274 words)

	Mather Field Vernal Pools - Meadowlark
		The Western Meadowlark is brown with a short brown and white tail.
		Western Meadowlarks build nests in grasslands and fields on the ground, nestled in a clump of grass or other plants.
		Western Meadowlarks eat grasshoppers, beetles, crickets, spiders, and caterpillars.
	www.sacsplash.org /critters/meadowlark.htm (307 words)

	[No title]
		Non-significant increases in Western Meadowlark nu mbers occur in the Central Valley (0.38, p=0.84) and the Southern California Grasslands (2.19, p=0.33).
		Western Meadowlark response to grazing differs among several s tudies, but most studies found overgrazing to be a problem (Ryder 1980, Weins 1973, Owens and Myres 1973).
		Western Meadowlarks nesting in agricultural areas often incur heavy nest loss or mortality when crops are surface weeded or harvested (this is especial ly true when alfalfa is cut).
	www.prbo.org /CPIF/Grasslnd/WEME.rtf (2305 words)

	Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds: Western Meadowlark
		Western Meadowlarks use a variety of grassland types from shrubsteppe and shortgrass prairie to mixed-grass and tallgrass prairie (Bent 1965, Walcheck 1970, Maher 1974, Stewart 1975, Salt and Salt 1976, Dale 1983, Laubach 1984, Bock and Bock 1987, Renken and Dinsmore 1987, Lanyon 1994, Bock et al.
		In mixed-grass prairie in North Dakota, the density of Western Meadowlarks was positively correlated with maximum and average vegetation heights, and negatively correlated with shrub coverage (George and McEwen 1991).
		Western Meadowlarks in Alberta bred in both idle and grazed areas and tolerated any intensity of grazing (from light to heavy grazing), especially if some shrubs remained; they were abundant on mowed and cultivated areas as well (Owens and Myres 1973).
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/literatr/grasbird/weme/weme.htm (8444 words)

	NatureWorks - Western Meadowlark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The song of the western meadowlark is a series of flute-like gurgling notes that go down the scale.
		The western meadowlark lives in meadows, plains, prairies and other open grasslands.
		The male meadowlark arrives at the breeding ground a couple of weeks before the female.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/westmeadowlark.htm (393 words)

	The Western Meadowlark
		Male meadowlarks are frequently seen perched on faded fence posts along pastures, their bright yellow breast accented by a fl "V" glistening in the sun.
		The western meadowlark, (Sturnella neglecta) belongs to the family Icteridae, that includes flbirds and orioles.
		Found throughout North Dakota in prairies, pastures and meadows, the western meadowlark is dressed in a brown-streaked suit and a white-edged tail.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/wildlife/closlook/westlark.htm (624 words)

	Meadowlark
		The first meadowlarks probably arrived in the Midwest at the same time as the prairies, on the heels of retreating Ice Age glaciers.
		Face to face with a meadowlark, you'd think it was nearly all yellow, because the front-facing parts (throat and breast) are the color of daffodils.
		Meadowlarks are relatively silent while they're nesting and caring for the young.
	www.birdwatching.com /stories/storymeadowlark.html (1200 words)

	North Dakota State Bird Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta
		The western meadowlark, or meadowlark, (Sturnella neglecta) was adopted as the official state bird of North Dakota in 1947.
		At the time of its adoption as the state bird, the western meadowlark was referred to simply as the "meadowlark."
		The meadowlark, sturnella neglecta, is the official bird of the state of North Dakota.
	www.netstate.com /states/symb/birds/nd_western_meadowlark.htm (207 words)

	Bird Facts
		In 1844, realizing that there was a difference between the previously discovered Eastern Meadowlark and the newly noticed Western Meadowlark, John James Audubon named the Western Meadowlark "Sturnella neglecta", Latin for overlooked.
		The Western Meadowlark’s rich, singsong voice, harmonic and flutelike and beautiful coloration make it one of the most popular choices for states to choose as their state bird.
		In certain parts of Oregon, Meadowlark numbers are declining and citizens are organizing programs to provide new habitats for not only Meadowlarks but for other birds that are in the same critical population status.
	www.meadowlarkmusic.com /bird_facts.htm (372 words)

	The Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), state bird of Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The western meadowlark’s anonymity was doubtless due to its similarity in appearance to the eastern meadowlark.
		The western meadowlark won and was officially adopted on March 22, 1929.
		Ralph Hoffmann summed up the popular appeal of the Western Meadowlark in Birds of the Pacific States: “There are about a dozen birds whose removal from the landscape would be noticed even by the average person, and one of the first to be missed would be the Meadowlark.
	www.geobop.com /symbols/Animals/Birds/1/Meadowlark (1897 words)

	Meadowlark [Sturnella neglecta] Links
		Western Meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta In early morning its loud, melodic, clarion territorial song rings across the grassland, challenging you to locate this robin-sized, ground nesting bird.
		Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) [Vertebrates: Aves: Passeriformes: Icteridae: Sturnella neglecta].
		SalmonRiver Gazette: Western Meadowlark, one of the birds that sing in the spring.
	raysweb.net /specialplaces/pages/meadlowlarklinks.html (948 words)

	Geographical Variation in the Vocalizations of the Western Meadowlark
		Collectively, they suggest that Western Meadowlarks render the same characteristic call note regardless of their geographical location within the species' range.
		It has been demonstrated that the development of species-specific primary song in juvenal meadowlarks is highly dependent upon environmental stimuli subsequent to the time of fiedging, and that the absence of the appropriate stimuli can result in failure to acquire the characteristic song of the species (Lanyon, op.
		In spite of this demonstrable geographical variation in the primary song of meadowlarks, widely- separated breeding populations appear to retain certain basic features in their primary song patterns that are characteristic of the species as a whole.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Condor/files/issues/v060n05/p0339-p0341.html (1099 words)

	Salmon River Gazette: Western Meadowlark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meadowlarks feed on caterpillars, grasshoppers and cutworms, insects capable of great damage to food crops.
		The western meadowlark prefers dry habitat and is generally paler and grayer than the eastern species.
		The range of the western meadowlark is expanding in the northeast.
	salmonriver.com /environment/lark.html (275 words)

	Eastern Meadowlark - Eastern Shout
		The song of the western meadowlark Lewis studied differed considerably from that of the "old field" lark back home in Virginia.
		Meadowlarks, both eastern and western, obviously are well endowed on both counts.
		The maximum life-span of the meadowlark is not known, but on average, both the eastern and western species are at greater-than-average risk of early death because they nest on open ground, where broods may unintentionally be destroyed by farm machinery.
	www.lewis-clark.org /content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=401 (589 words)

	34¢ Western Meadowlark/Camel Cricket PSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The western meadowlark is one of the most abundant bird species in the Great Plains and, attesting to its wide-spread popularity, it is the official state bird of Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon and Wyoming.
		Inhabiting fields and meadows, the western meadowlark is identified by its brilliant yellow underparts and contrasting, fl, V-shaped breast band.
		The western meadowlark prefers dry, grassy open areas of the prairie, where it feeds on caterpillars, grasshoppers and cutworms, as well as other insects like the camel cricket.
	www.unicover.com /EA1CBAKY.HTM (440 words)

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