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Topic: Western thought

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	Western world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally defined as Western Europe, most modern uses of the term refer to the societies of Western and Central Europe and their close genealogical, linguistic, and philosophical colonial descendants, typically included are those countries whose ethnic identity and dominant culture are derived from European culture.
		Western society may be thought of as following an evolution that began with the philosophers of Athens such as Solon and Socrates.
		As the eastern and western churches spread their influence, the line between "East" and "West" can be described as moving, but generally followed a cultural divide that was defined by the existence of the Byzantine empire and the fluctuating power and influence of the church in Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_world (2091 words)

	Definition of Western culture
		Furthermore, Western Culture has been influenced by two general strains within Hellenic culture: the Ionian (which is exemplified by Athens and her democracy), and the Dorian (which is represented by Sparta and her dual monarchy/classical republic).
		Western Culture began to expand once more (for example, the practice of mathematics was greatly improved upon when Leonardo of Pisa introduced the Arabic or decimal system with his book, Liber Abaci), although it took several centuries to rediscover much of the lost culture of the ancient world.
		Western culture further expanded in the 20th century with the rise of mass media thanks to largely Western inventions such as motion pictures, radio and television.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Western_culture (1859 words)

	Western Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Western philosophy is considered generally to have begun in ancient Greece as speculation about the underlying nature of the physical world.
		In the 11th century a revival of philosophical thought began as a result of the increasing contact between different parts of the Western world and the general reawakening of cultural interests that culminated in the Renaissance.
		This school of thought also rejects speculative metaphysics and limits philosophy to the task of clearing up intellectual puzzles caused by the ambiguity of language by analyzing the meanings of words in ordinary discourse.
	www.connect.net /ron/westernphilosophy.html (9267 words)

	Western thought, ideals, aspirations - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Such a new 'umbrella' of Western thought may not win the election, but it may well provide the basis of survival beyond the immediate and apparent problems.
		What modern liberalism excludes is the traditional Western culture itself, and "diversity" is simply the principal weapon by which it seeks to achieve it's goal.
		The sad thing is, egalitarianism and individualism have had a beneficent impact on Western civilization, as they have freed White men from the past constraints of the classical world and the Middle Ages, ushering achievements unrivaled by other races: the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the Declaration of Independence.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=1923 (3516 words)

	The Impact of Western Political Thought in Chinese Political Discourse on Transitions from Leninism, 1986-1992 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Western political thought on the need for gradual change, realism, and a strong government provided a realistic and scientific justification to support pervasive economic reforms under continued authoritarianism.
		This shift toward Western political thought corresponded with the increasing realization within Chinese political elite circles that some degree of political reform was needed both to overcome bureaucratic bottlenecks and to facilitate economic development.
		A second tenet legitimated by Western political thought is the argument to postpone political democratization since China lacks the social basis for the establishment of political democracy.
	weekly.china-forum.org /CCF95/ccf9504-1.html (4371 words)

	Western Concepts of God [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Western concepts of God have ranged from the detached transcendent demiurge of Aristotle to the pantheism of Spinoza.
		Issues related to Western concepts of God include the nature of divine attributes and how they can be known, if or how that knowledge can be communicated, the relation between such knowledge and logic, the nature of divine causality, and the relation between the divine and the human will.
		In Islam it is thought to be manifested in divine revelation of truth through the prophets, especially as revealed in the Qur'an.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/g/god-west.htm (8846 words)

	IIASN9-Western Legal Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This lack of attention for the translations springs, it may be assumed, from the reason that they have exerted no perceptible influence on the final shape of the Japanese codification, and, perhaps more importantly, from the fact that very little is known about the circumstances under which they were made.
		Despite their subsequent neglect, it can be argued that these translations, constituting the first substantial introduction of Western legal ideas can rightly be taken as the starting point of the reception of Western law in Japan, and as such merit more attention than they have received until now.
		The translations of their lecture notes, notably those on constitutional law made by Tsuda, and those on natural law by Kanda Takahira, published in the first years of Meiji, would be the first useful introductions in these subjects to appear in Japanese.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /iiasn/iiasn9/eastasia/verwayen.html (1031 words)

	Pluralism in the Western Thought
		The works that exist about modern thought in Iran today, are books such as those of Fereydoon Adamiat, where their research is essentially about the mashrootiat era (time of 1906 constitution movement of Iran), when the Western ideas had influenced Iranian thought.
		I should note that in the area of social decision-making new structures have been formed in the Western democracy, such as the Ballot Initiatives in California, which has been studied by Tofflers and Naisbitt, and i have written about it elsewhere.
		And he thought in Germany through reforms he could arrive at his ideals of individual freedom and he has discussed this view in his political writings.
	www.ghandchi.com /301-PluralismEng.htm (7515 words)

	20th WCP: Reality as History: The Historic Turn in Western Thought
		Thus, for him, the journey of humankind to itself was not a historical one, but rather the choice between a vertical descent into vegetative or brute state of being, or a mystical ascent along the hierarchy to the angelic or even divine level.
		But Modern thought relinquished this hierarchy in favour of a human centred teleology, framing the ontology in between nature (individuality, non-rationality) as the origin and culture (reason, the social) as its outcome.
		Thus he substituted the idea of a supreme, eternal, rational being in control of destiny, with the idea of a summit of historical progress (suggesting that he himself was expressing the final phase of history).
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Mode/ModeVent.htm (3692 words)

	Review: Political Nature: Environmentalism and the Interpretation of Western Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Hobbesian thought was caught in the dilemma between state of nature and artifice.
		The emphasis on environmental issues, ecological resistance movements (varying in scale and scope from the local to the transnational), and the interconnectedness of all life in Meyer and Third Way politics is perhaps the only hope of a brave new politics in the face of imminent apocalypse.
		Meyer’s consistent attention to the ambiguity in all political thought is particularly welcome since it eschews the standard normative readings of concepts such as civil society or democracy.
	egj.lib.uidaho.edu /egj18/nayar1.html (1366 words)

	Western Political Thought: Text Cont Ed
		Purpose: The purpose of this course is "the recovery of permanent things." This course provides students with an introduction to the study of Western political thought.
		The student will also use major Western political ideas as a vehicle for examination and clarification of the students’ own political perspectives.
		The final exam is an evaluation of Western Political Thought based on the concept of morality.
	spot.colorado.edu /~mcguire/conedwpttxtsyl.html (1002 words)

	Garvey figures in Western political thought - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		The 2003 publication entitled Fifty Major Political Thinkers was jointly prepared by Ian Adams, Honorary Fellow at the University of Durham and RW Dyson, Director of the Centre for the History of Political Thought at the University of Durham.
		The significance of the entry on Garvey is that there is rethinking in academic circles about what constitutes Western political thought and its boundaries are being slowly extended.
		But there is still resistance among Western philosophical gatekeepers of thought regarding the admission of individuals of African descent in the modern world into the pantheon of reason and thought.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /lifestyle/html/20030816T220000-0500_47665_OBS_GARVEY_FIGURES_IN_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT.asp (483 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Political Nature: Environmentalism and the Interpretation of Western Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The derivative account views Western political thought as derived from conceptions of nature, whether Aristotelian teleology, the clocklike mechanism of early modern science, or Darwinian selection.
		He concludes that we must overcome the limitations of both the dualist and the derivative interpretations if we are to understand the relationship between nature and politics.
		Human thought and action, says Meyer, should be considered neither superior nor subservient to the nonhuman natural world, but interdependent with it.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0262632241 (488 words)

	Resource: The Western Tradition
		A visual feast of over 2,700 images from the Metropolitan Museum of Art portrays key events that shaped the development of Western thought, culture, and tradition.
		Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundation of Western intellectual thought.
		Freedom of thought and expression opened new vistas explored by French, English, and American thinkers.
	www.learner.org /resources/series58.html (827 words)

	Who will give his life fof the "DO". Shotokai Karate Budo article on Karate-do, Sports and Western thought
		This is of course not the case of those instructors that have taught their art establishing a cultural bridge between the East and the West.
		That's why the art can't be utilitarian nor full of titles and gradings beyond those established by the founders and creators, this is not based on a respect for tradition, rather a respect for the very essence of the art.
		The art of Karate-do as Master Egami presents it, is for human development, but a development strongly based on the Eastern view that searches for an awakening of human spirituality, giving him/her the tools to confront the overwhelming advance of an insensitive and materialistic society.
	www.shotokai.com /ingles/filosofia/whowill.html (1862 words)

	Untitled Document
		Our account of the relation of thought and language in ancient China amounts to presenting their theories of language as influenced by their actual language.
		There are issues of philosophy which Chinese philosophers do not see. The issues they do see are discussed competently. There are issues in traditional Western philosphy which no longer hold the interest of Western philosophers. That classical Chinese philosophers never worried such issues hardly undermines positive evaluation of their philosophical acumen.
		Indeed, judgments about interpretations of Chinese philosophy are more or less in accord with the theory. The Feng Yu-lan interpretation of Chinese thought is influential because it is a comprehensive and uniform explanation of Chinese thought which we understand since it is drawn from Plato and the Western tradition of abstract philosophy.
	www.hku.hk /philodep/ch/L&L1.htm (1252 words)

	[No title]
		Tierney's chapters on Ockham contain an extraordinarily subtle and nuanced interpretation of Ockham's thought and form a substantial bridge between the thought of the twelfth and thirteenth-century jurists and sixteenth-century thinkers.
		Rights were no longer thought of as being an expression of an individual's faculty, quality, or power but as the state's obligation to protect its citizens.
		Her project seems to be to preserve Tuck's distinctions between the thought of the jurists and of Gerson described by Tierney on pp.
	faculty.cua.edu /pennington/tierney2.htm (5217 words)

	The Concept of Heredity in Western Thought: Part Two
		Her Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) was a particularly blatant, now-transparent attempt to demolish support for Western family traditions in favor of free sex, and has since been shown to be based on a broadly false and flagrant misrepresentation of Polynesian customs.
		She co-authored with Gene Weltfish a pamphlet entitled The Races of Mankind (1940), which somehow came to be adopted by the War Department for distribution among American World War II military personnel, until it was withdrawn when it was judged to be communist propaganda.
		A shock-wave of horror swept over the Western world, and in the process all discussion of eugenics was illogically but effectively equated with inhumanity - an exact reversal of the moral drive that prompted most eugenicists to support the movement.
	www.duke.org /library/innate/pearson2.html (7353 words)

	Philosophy Religion Essays - Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance - Reconciliation of Western and Eastern ...
		Eastern thinking has slowly become “discovered” by the West; meanwhile, the development of Western thought and philosophy has come under close scrutiny by modern and postmodern philosophers and thinkers as being flawed at its core.
		The manner in which Western thought was founded, the course of its development, and its incursion into every facet of life in the Western world has been and is now being questioned on all fronts by leading critics and thinkers.
		In doing so, he offers a critique of certain aspects of Western thought that resulted from a momentous battle for the “mind of man” (Pirsig 381).
	www.123helpme.com /preview.asp?id=20745 (1556 words)

	What is the meaning of the distinction between Left and Right in western political thought?
		Below is a short sample of the essay "What is the meaning of the distinction between Left and Right in western political thought?".
		If you sign up you could be reading the rest of this essay in under two minutes.
		We can see this idea as being a necessary aspect of all societies and unfortunately means that theorist such as Marx ideas can eventually happen, revolution as the majority rebel and reject the power of the few.
	www.coursework.info /i/12590.html (487 words)

	GE: Foundations of Western Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This freshman course will explore the foundations of Western thought as a significant source of contemporary culture.
		Identify and recall assumptions, themes, and values informing the Western intellectual and cultural heritage.
		Elucidate the constituent parts of an argument or a theme of the Western tradition.
	www.chapman.edu /ge/foundations.html (213 words)

	CORE III: FOUNDATIONS OF WESTERN THOUGHT
		This course is designed to introduce students to the literary, artistic, historical, philosophical, and religious ideas that helped to shape the Western world.
		By seeing how others think and live, students will be more reflective as they approach the many moral and philosophical questions that engage us today.
		examine significant writings in philosophy, theology and literature that form the foundation of western thought.
	www.stfrancis.edu /ph/hauser/coreIII/syl201.2004.htm (815 words)

	Korea's Positive Acceptance of Western Thought and the Christian Movement
		Those who held this open attitude towards reform can be divided into two camps: those who accepted Western culture through faith in Christianity and those who wanted to appropriate secular thought and institutions from the West.
		The Protestant church has replanted modern Western culture on Korean soil through its numerous schools and medical facilities, but it is the Catholic church, providing service with an attitude of silent obedience to God, that has provided a spiritual model fully embraced by the Korean people.
		By establishing the country's first Western medical clinics and introducing a modern school system, these missionaries played a leading role in bringing the modern social institutions of the West into Korean society.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/korea/rel/positive_acceptance_of_western_t.htm (1172 words)

	Presocratic Philosophy
		Abstract thought about the ultimate nature of the world and of human life began to appear in cultures all over the world during the sixth century B.C.E., as an urge to move beyond superstition toward explanation.
		The structure of puzzling statements, he believed, mirrors the chaotic structure of thought, which in turn is parallel to the complex, dynamic character of the world itself.
		To the extent that a satisfactory answer involves a distinction between appearance and reality and the use of dialectical reasoning in the effort to understand what is real, this pursuit of the Eleatics set important standards for the future development of Western thought.
	www.philosophypages.com /hy/2b.htm (2386 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Athens on Trial: The Antidemocratic Tradition in Western Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Roberts (history, Southern Methodist Univ.) traces the antidemocratic tradition in Western thought from antiquity to the present, locating its origin in reactions to Athenian democracy.
		Fully cognizant of the difficulties attendant upon getting a true and accurate picture of any period in history--difficulties that become more onerous the further back one peers--she succeeds in convincing the reader of her thesis through the impressive, almost breathtaking wealth of detail she supplies for each period.
		Whether praising Athens's government as the legitimizing ancestor of modern democracies or condemning it as mob rule, commentators throughout history have revealed much about their own notions of...
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0691029199 (386 words)

	Alfred North Whitehead for the Muddleheaded
		He later said that he thought at first there must be some error in his thinking.
		Russell thought Whitehead's notion "horrid, but I could not see how to prove my bias was any better than his".
		His doctrine also resembles Eastern thought, which teaches that Atman, the Self, is identical with Brahman, the spirit of the cosmos.
	www3.sympatico.ca /rlubbock/ANW.html (7209 words)

	Confucianism compared to western thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		I think the way that westerners percieved Confucianism when they first explored China is a good example of the prejudice in western society.
		It seems that eastern religions take the individual into account more than western ones, allowing for individuals to live according to their own personal beliefs and relying on their own experience.
		I think Confucius and Mencius were great thinkers for their time, especially how they believed the ruler should be chosen because of virtue, and not blood.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /ngier/_disc1/00000627.htm (312 words)

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