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Topic: Westminister system

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	Westminster System: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The Westminster System is a democratic system of government modelled after that of the United Kingdom and in use in a number of Commonwealth nations such as Canada, Australia, Singapore, Jamaica, Ireland, New Zealand, and India.
		Although Westminister Systems are parliamentary systems, there are parliamentary governments, such as Germany and Italy, whose legislative procedures differ considerably from the Westminister system.
		Also, Westminister systems tend to have strong cabinets in which cabinet members other than the prime minister are politicians with independent basis of support.
	www.encyclopedian.com /we/Westminister-system.html (613 words)

	LearnCalifornia.org - Mendez v. Westminster (1946) 64 F. Supp. 544
		The public school system of California is a matter of state supervision, being of general concern, though the various local school districts enjoy a considerable degree of autonomy.
		The "equal protection of the laws" as applied to the public school system in California is not provided by furnishing in separate schools the same technical facilities, textbooks and courses of instruction to children of Mexican ancestry that are available to the other public school children regardless of their ancestry.
		A paramount requisite in the American system of public education is social equality, wherein the system is open to all children by unified school association regardless of lineage.
	www.learncalifornia.org /doc.asp?id=979 (3985 words)

	Westminster System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government modelled after that of the United Kingdom system, as used in the Palace of Westminster, the location of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
		Most of the procedures of the Westminster system have originated with the conventions, practices and precedents of the UK parliament, which are a part of what is known as the British constitution.
		Many political scientists have held that the Australian system of government was consciously devised as a blend or hybrid of the Westminster and the United States systems of government, especially since the Australian Senate is a very powerful upper house.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Westminister_system (1340 words)

	Guyana: Land of Six Peoples-- GOVERNANCE
		Transparent systems of governance permit a wide range of information to be accessible as of right; are characterised by clear procedures for decision-making; and have open channels of communication between stakeholders and officials.
		Indeed, almost fifty percent of the positions in the judicial system is vacant, and many of the existing staff occupy positions that are well beyond their education and capabilities.
		Above all, a system must be put in place to formulate policies and enact and enforce laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, disability, sex, religion and national origin.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /gyndsgovernance.htm (6441 words)

	Key Terms: Westminster System
		In essence, Westminster is the name given to the system of parliamentary democracy used in countries such as Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
		In essence, the Westminster system is otherwise known as responsible government.
		All three nations follow the principles of the Westminster system, in that governments are derived from the popularly-elected lower house.
	www.australianpolitics.com /democracy/terms/westminster-system.shtml (397 words)

	Canadian Senate Reform and the Conservative Impulse
		Going to damn near a true bicameral system is not a minor thing - it is a huge constitutional change to a system which, in its US incarnation, is currently imploding.
		And changing from an essentially bicameral system where the Senate was only there for emergency use, to a real bicameral system is one way of weakening the center and the Prime Minister.
		Harper's new system would likely lead to a Constitutional crisis, it weakens the Federal government and the Prime Minister, and it is less representative and less Democratic, than the current system, in which MPs are elected in a way that is closer to proportional to the population than electing Senators will be.
	agonist.org /node/35257/print (831 words)

	printarticle.
		She may be right, and any system that fostered political attacks on judges in this way would indeed be incompatible with the rule of law.
		In a Westminister system, the executive government is notionally responsible to parliament, but when party discipline is strong, as it is in Australia, checks on the abuse of executive power diminish because governments are formed from parliamentary majorities.
		It is time to consider the merits of a full separation of powers, in which executive abuses of the kind Hocking fears would be kept in check by a formal division of the executive government from the legislature and the judiciary.
	www.theage.com.au /cgi-bin/common/printArticle.pl?path=/articles/2002/03/16/1015909912183.html (683 words)

	Government of Jamaica/Ottawa Speach given by Dr. Carltion Davies
		A fourth consideration mentioned earlier, was the impact of globalization which admittedly was not all seen at the beginning of the process of the current wave of reforms.
		We now know that such things as: (a) the lowering of trade barriers; (b) new systems of valuation; (c) liberalization of the world capital markets; (d) increased competition for knowledge workers; and (e) matters of human rights and the environment are issues of globalisation with which our public sector must be equipped to deal.
		Revamping the system of procurement of goods and services to enhance transparency and efficiency and to conform with the country's international obligations.
	www.cabinet.gov.jm /docs/ottawa-speach.asp (2659 words)

	financenews.html
		The problems with the system seems apparent when proven, experienced and hard working talent like these two veteran and visionary politicians can easily be removed from parliament by unknown candidates riding the coattails of strong armed major party politics.
		The problems inherent in these systems are not easily perceived from inside and may not be evident to citizens born and bred in the system.
		The system is particularly vulnerable to domination by "Strong Armed Party Politics" where allegiance to one of the major parties is almost a necessity to gain and maintain any true political influence.
	www.hannaian.com /stringsfreecarib.html (2961 words)

	Public Sector Governance - Civil service has so far shunned change
		This egalitarian system entails that civil servants at the same hierarchy level receive the same basic pay, within the same corps in the same Ministry, irrespective of the quality of their individual work.
		The pension system is based on the principle of immediate redistribution (répartition), by which active civil servants' contributions are used to pay the pension of the retired civil servants.
		Unlike the alternative position-based system, whereby civil servants are appointed to a specific position, the career system is valued as protection against political changes.
	web.worldbank.org /WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/0,,contentMDK:20720910~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:286305,00.html (5037 words)

	Whitehorse Star Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The combination system reflects the different regions, but also depict the real face of society by being more balanced in relation to men and women, indigenous cultures and urban/rural mix.
		Though Segal doesn’t favour switching to an exclusively proportional system, he does believe that type of representation does encourage the kinds of coalition governments that are healthy for democracy.
		The trick in the whole process is to create a system that isn’t any more complex than the current one, he said.
	www.whitehorsestar.com /auth.php?r=42972 (1476 words)

	The Coffee Room: Elections North and South
		In Canada, typical of the Westminister (Parliamentary) system -- the government of the day (Liberals) get to choose when the election is (within some basic broad guidelines).
		While Canadians currently enjoy a system of universal, comprehensive health care, the system is under funded -- and right wing provincial governments have been chipping way at the "public" foundation of the program -- introducing various schemes to open services and parts of the system to the market and the private sector.
		The Canadian health care systems, which is over 30 years old, needs to change with the changing needs of Canadians -- in particular with an aging population to to assure the provision of long-term and home care and affordable medications.
	blog.newstandardnews.net /coffeeroom/archives/000441.html (449 words)

	Concluding Observations - CCPR - Trinidad and Tobago - Concluding observations adopted up to December 31, 2003
		It had retained the Westminister system of government with a bicameral legislature, a titular Head of State, a party system which provided the Executive, and an independent judiciary.
		With regard to article 3, additional information was requested as to whether both sexes enjoyed equal opportunities at all levels and as to the proportion of the sexes in the educational system, in the civil service, at the management level and in political life.
		It was also asked whether there was a system in Trinidad and Tobago for prison inspections to be carried out by persons independent of prison authorities, whether accused persons were segregated from convicted persons, and whether accused juveniles were separated from adults and otherwise treated in accordance with article 10, paragraph 3.
	www.bayefsky.com /html/trinidad_t4_ccpr.php (9400 words)

	The Government of the Bahamas - Address by Prime Minister Christie on 2002-03 Government Budget (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		One of the great advantages of the Westminister system of Government, which we in The Bahamas are fortunate to have as our system of Government, is that it provides continuity in public administration through a permanent Public Service.
		The development of the appropriate system for obtaining such data will be priority tasks of the Ministry of Finance and the Department of Statistics.
		In a partial offset to these trends, the banking system recorded short-term capital inflows of approximately $120 million, reflecting-in combination-increased foreign exposure positions by banks and ongoing funding of financial and real sector projects, concentrated mostly in the tourism and manufacturing sectors.
	www.bahamas.gov.bs /bahamasweb2/home.nsf/5e1ae0996af6ebda06256d900056fb01/b003d17e1ee50daa06256f0200693fd5!EditDocument (11495 words)

	Belmont Club
		A recent Belmont Club post noted that 'victories' won by the Left with these tactics were more properly understood as acts of desperation by those who feared their long term decline, as if in slipping from the pinnacle, they despaired of ever regaining it again.
		The survival of Paul Martin's government, shaken by scandal after scandal, has been bought at the price of violating the spirit of the Westminister system by ignoring what was effectively a vote of no-confidence until they could bribe someone to cross the aisle to square the count.
		But the fact remains: by any understanding of our system of government, if the effect of “an extra week’s delay” is to maintain themselves in power by one vote they otherwise would not have had, it’s hard to see this as anything other than a constitutional coup.
	belmontclub.blogspot.com /2005/05/great-white-north-drama-surrounding.html (517 words)

	Progress likely on constitutional, parliamentary reform - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		The point at which consensus seems to end, is that the current system allows the government "to do as it likes", causing "considerable harm to the people of Jamaica" and is, therefore, unsuitable.
		Golding also suggested that the Westminster parliamentary system, which Jamaica has adopted from Britain, has to be re-engineered "not just to strengthen the power of Parliament, but to strengthen the role of the Opposition within the Parliament because it is the Opposition, not the government majority, that must exercise effective restraint on the government."
		He admitted that the 13-7 (Government-Opposition) composition of the Senate was considered a safeguard against the excessive power of government by the authors of the Constitution, but that experience has shown that they did not go far enough.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20060513T200000-0500_104528_OBS_PROGRESS_LIKELY_ON_CONSTITUTIONAL__PARLIAMENTARY_REFORM.asp (1042 words)

	Fruits and Votes » Blog Archive » MMP for Sri Lanka?
		I had thought that the system was a flexible list (defined as one in which a party-give rank order prevails except for candidates who obtain some stipulated quota of preference votes allowing them to move up ahead of higher-ranked candidates).
		The system of two-tier (and apparently parallel) PR is quite proportional currently.
		Another setback in the present system is that no party is able to gain decisive parliamentary majority in the assembly consisting of 225 legislators.
	fruitsandvotes.com /?p=771 (1770 words)

	Celebrating The Constitutional Revolution Of 1905-1911 And The Constitution Of 1906
		For the 73 years of its existence, the 1906 Constitution was a document that pro-democracy activists embraced and defended and for whose defense, they were imprisoned, tortured, and murdered by Mohammad-Ali Qajar, Reza Pahlavi, and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
		The despotic kings, their sycophants and their colonial patrons wanted a dictatorial system in which they could plunder the wealth of the Iranian people.
		However, as soon as a monarch decides to use any power (constitutional or extra-constitutional), then that system is not democratic any longer, and the system plunges into crisis.
	iranscope.ghandchi.com /Anthology/Kazemzadeh/mashrooteh.htm (1413 words)

	Civilian Casualties, Political Solution, Ethnicity and War: Change the course Sri Lanka \| Asian Tribune
		This included the Presidential system superimposed on the previously existing Westminister system inherited from the British.
		There are many critics of the Presidential system, and unfortunately at the present time these critical voices seem to have gone hiding.
		JVP are adopting an 'ethnic discourse' thus contributing to the downward trend in the efforts of the international community and the peace process.
	www.asiantribune.com /index.php?q=node/622 (1438 words)

	Politics of France
		Under the Third and Fourth[?] Republics, France had a Westminister system style of government, with an executive in effect chosen by and answerable to, parliament.
		Under the new system created by Charles de Gaulle, the President is the preeminent executive figure, who names the Prime Minister and cabinet, which is composed of a varying number of ministers, ministers-delegates, and secretaries of state.
		The most distinctive feature of the French judicial system is that it is divided into the Constitutional Council and the Council of State.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_France.html (1607 words)

	Preserving the Islamic Identity in the west
		The educat ion system is typically where the indoctrination process begins.
		In these studies, the 'benefits' of western-style democracy and the Westminister system of government are taught.
		By the time the child passes through the digestive tract of the Kaffir educational system, he or she will probably see him/herself as an Australian first and a Muslim second.
	members.cox.net /arshad/islamid.html (3141 words)

	National Development Strategy (Guyana) - CHAPTER 3
		3.II.3.5 The history of governance in Guyana demonstrates that the country’s very origins; its various Constitutions, the political systems under which it has been governed, culminating in a Westminister type arrangement; and its political configurations, have militated against consensus-building and the practice of participatory and consultative democracy.
		3.IV.1.10 Every opportunity will be taken to re-examine the relevance of the Westminister system of Government to Guyana; and to have a series of structured national discussions on (i) the meaning of consociatism and federalism and other forms of inclusivity and power sharing, and (ii) their applicability to Guyana.
		3.IV.4.21 The tendering system will be fair, public and competitive and tender boards will on request give reasons for their decisions to interested parties.
	www.sdnp.org.gy /nds/chapter3.html (6366 words)

	Incompetent politicians effectively call for extra judicial killing/maiming by prisoners, corrupt prison guard system? ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		A recent High Court decision has upheld the payment of damages to a criminal who due to the negligence of the prison system was badly injured by other prisoners, and therefore by the incompetence of Big Government ministers (responsible under the Westminister system), for failing to maintain a safe incarceration system.
		A fascist system where they have no accountability as government or opposition ministers for a corrupt or dysfunctional prison system and their mismanagement: A difficult job maybe but then they are paid for it.
		Because a financial penalty for negligence in the prison system and the government is an excellent way to make these turkeys do their job and be exposed for the lousy job they have done.
	sydney.indymedia.org /node/37870 (4884 words)

	Citizen Watch » Baguio, Benguet local leaders slam ‘mob rule’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Procedures governing the selection of the prime minister vary from country to country, but under the system that has evolved in Great Britain (which has provided the model for Commonwealth countries) he is usually the leader of the majority party in Parliament and must by convention be a member of the lower house.
		The chief political problem of a federal system of government is likely to be the allocation of sovereignty, because the need for unity among the federating states may conflict with their desire for autonomy.
		A fairly uniform legal system, as well as cultural and geographic affinities, is usually necessary for the success of a federation.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /blogs/citizenwatch/?p=138 (2758 words)

	SA Parliament - About Parliament - The System of Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The South Australian Parliament is based on the British Westminster system of Parliamentary Government.
		If they do not agree to defend the decision, or to take responsibility, they must resign.
		This unwritten convention of Cabinet Government derives from the Westminster system.
	www.parliament.sa.gov.au /about/1_2_1_system2.shtm (274 words)

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