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Topic: Wetting agents

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	Fatty acid and amide wetting agents for pesticide formulations - Patent 5167694
		Disclosed are pesticide formulations containing oil-free chemical compositions as wetting agents and the oil-free wetting agents produced by reacting a tall oil fatty acid or ester with an anhydride compound and an amino sulfonic acid compound in water alone to produce an acid amide salt, an imide salt, or the adduct thereof.
		Wetting times of the wetting agents were determined by adding the technical pesticide (0.5 grams) to be used to 100 mL volume of the wetting agent as a 2% solution (based on the anionic surfactant activity) and recording the time required for the powder to become completely wet by the aqueous solution.
		Wetting Times for a Broad Spectrum of Technical Pesticides: The wetting times were measured for the three prior art wetting agents, and they were compared with the wetting times for the three example products of the present invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5167694.html (2837 words)

	Wetting Agents for Turf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Wetting agents appeared to have little effect on turf quality, plant and soil moisture content, and soil microbial activity under the controlled conditions used in this study.
		The benefits of wetting agents on hydrophilic soils have not been consistently documented in research studies, nor is there a theoretical reason to believe any significant benefits would occur.
		Turfgrass and Soil Responses to Soil Wetting Agents.
	www.agnr.umd.edu /ipmnet/5-6art1.htm (763 words)

	Field Testing Plant Growth Regulators and Wetting Agents for Annual Bluegrass Seedhead Suppression \| United States Golf ...
		A few adventurous superintendents have also used the wetting agent Aqua-Gro L (5) to limit spring flowering of annual bluegrass, and they have found that Aqua-Gro is less phytotoxic than Embark, but it provides more variable results.
		The wetting agent Cascade was also included in the study to see if a different type of wetting agent chemistry could inhibit seedheads (note that the manufacturer makes no claims of seedhead control).
		Wetting agents gave inconsistent results and were approximately 50% as effective as mefluidide or ethephon, at best.
	www.usga.org /turf/green_section_record/2003/july_aug/field-testing.html (1866 words)

	Gardening: Techniques: Wetting Agents
		Wetting agents are soap-like chemicals that weaken the surface tension of water, making it “wetter.” They are also called surfactants.
		Wetting agent is also useful to penetrate lawns with thatch buildup.
		Wetting agents are used to make sprays stick to waxy leaves better.
	www.gardenadvice.com /index.cfm/event/Article.Detail/documentId/1bc20e6e51afc9815d58a2a09626d97a (206 words)

	Class 516: COLLOID SYSTEMS AND WETTING AGENTS; SUBCOMBINATIONS THEREOF; PROCESSES OF MAKING, STABILIZING, BREAKING, OR ...
		Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: 40 for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.
		Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: 394 for dispensers in which the material is caused to discharge from the container by fluids under pressure that directly contact the material to be dispensed, subclass 635 for pressurized aerosol container.
		Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are made by a gel route, subclass 39 for glass or glass forming compositions which are pore forming, subclasses 80+ for pore-forming ceramic compositions other than glass or glass forming compositions.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/516.htm (10973 words)

	25291. Should EN baths have wetting agents or not? [Czech Republic]
		Wetting agents are there to make the substrate more wettable and with alkaline baths, especially ones using sodium hydroxide, have a "built-in" wetting agent, namely caustic soda.
		Wetting agents are usually not necessary in electroless nickel plating solution because the hydrogen gassing occurs quickly enough that bubbles leave the surface without causing pitting.
		If there is oil or other organic contamination introduced into the EN plating solution, wetting agents will help temporarily, other wise they should be avoided.
	www.finishing.com /252/91.shtml (333 words)

	Alternative Soil Amendments
		Wetting agents and surfactants break the natural surface tension of water, overcoming its tendency to form droplets, and allowing it to penetrate a variety of materials.
		In general, wetting agents are effective where a soil's water-repellency is caused by turf or grassland cover, by ash from the burning of organic matter, or by single-grain soil structure (soil particles all of one size and not aggregated, as occurs in some sands).
		In other words, wetting agents are likely to have some effect where water infiltrates a soil slowly because the soil surface repels water, but not where water penetrates slowly because there are no large pore spaces (8).
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/altsoilamend.html (5548 words)

	Dynamic Wetting Advances in BCF Finish Development
		Wetting of the yarn is more easily achieved by applying the finish from an aqueous emulsion and utilizing a proper balance of emulsifiers and wetting agents.
		Wetting and spreading properties of neat fiber finishes are often assessed by the measurement of contact angle between the neat oil and a nylon film.
		Conventional methods of the wetting and spreading properties characterization of fiber finishes through the contact angle and static surface tension measurements are insufficient to evaluate the suitability of finishes for high-speed BCF application.
	www.goulston.com /DynamicWettingAdvancesinBCFFinishDevelopment.htm (1151 words)

	Localized Dry Spots in Turf
		Wetting agents are detergent like substances that reduce the surface tension of water, allowing it to penetrate and wet the soil more easily.
		In an Ohio study, applying wetting agents on turfgrass reduced the severity of the condition, but the most effective solution was to use them in combination with coring.(8).
		Following good irrigation practices, and the availability of wetting agents and the continue research for their best application methods, combinations, etc are very promising, specially when considering the global concern about reducing water use.
	grove.ufl.edu /~turf/epaper/vivas.html (1070 words)

	Wetting Agents
		trade name and are considered outstanding wetting agents.
		(It is recommended for use as a wetting and dispersing agent in: Paints and Coatings (wood, industrial, maintenance, traffic, architectural, railcar, marine and pigment grinding aids), Inks and Graphic Arts (flexo, roto-gravure, offset, screen print, overprint varnishes and pigment grinding aids), Adhesives (structural, contact, pressure sensitive, laminating and packaging)).
		We also offer additional wetting agents chemically described as higher ethoxylated nonyl phenols, octyl phenol ethoxylates, primary alcohol ethoxylates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, amphoterics and phosphate esters.
	www.deforest.net /wetting.htm (458 words)

	soil retention and soil water retention
		Wetting agents are detergent-like substances that reduce the surface tension of water, which allows it to penetrate and wet the soil more easily.
		A second possibility is that wetting agents may affect moisture retention by reducing leaching of fine soil particles (silt and clay) from soil profiles.
		Wetting agents increased moisture retention in columns of a sandy root zone.
	grounds-mag.com /mag/grounds_maintenance_wet/index.html (1740 words)

	Adjuvants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It seems that the character of the emulsifying agent is a large factor in determining the kind of emulsion that is formed.
		Invert emulsions are used to aid in drift control, to improve resistance of the herbicide treatment to the effects of weather (rain), to improve accuracy of delivery of the herbicide, and to enhance herbicide activity.
		Wetting agents or spreaders are added to spray mixtures to decrease the surface tension of the mixture, causing a larger portion of each spray droplet to come into contact with the surface of the vegetation.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /WG050 (1451 words)

	index
		Applying wetting agents reduced the severity of the condition, but the most effective solution was to use wetting agents in combination with coring—making small holes in the soil surface to allow water to pass through the hydrophobic surface layer.
		In general, the results have shown that the extent of improvement in infiltration rate is affected by the type of wetting agent used, its dilution, previous use of wetting agents on the soil, and the water content of the soil at the time water is applied.
		Wetting agents will improve infiltration rates only in soils that have water-repellent properties, regardless of their texture, tilth, and aggregation.
	www.soil.ncsu.edu /publications/Soilfacts/AG-439-25 (1361 words)

	Siltech Personal Care - Wetting
		Wetting is a direct result of the reduction of surface tension at an interface, which allows for a liquid material to “spread” on a substrate.
		ü Wetting agent choice is dependant upon not only the substrate chosen to wet but also the nature of the liquid chosen consequently, there are wetting agents that oil wet, water wet and silicone wet.
		It is used in personal care applications to spread conditioners on the hair, in skin care to spread lotions and creams making them more cosmetically elegant and as towelette applications to keep the toilette moist and uniformly covered by the liguid upon storage.
	www.siltechpersonalcare.com /wetting_page.html (343 words)

	Soil Wetting Agents
		In horticulture, as well as soil wetting, surfactants are used to allow various products such as herbicides, fungicides and fertilisers to spread out over the leaf blade of plants and be more readily absorbed by the leaf tissue.
		For soil wetting agents to work effectively, they cannot be too readily bio-degradable or their effectiveness will be very transitory.
		The wetting agent is then leached out gradually whenever the granules are watered or when it rains.
	www.global-garden.com.au /burnley/dec02jan03dte.htm (804 words)

	WETTING AGENTS FOR PEAT MOSS
		Wetting agents have been employed in various industries to increase reaction rates and facilitate many processes.
		Wetting agents are substances which are added to surface coatings, water, or oils to increase spreading and penetrating action.
		Wetting agents belong to a group of a more general class of materials called "surface active agents" hence the term "surfactants".
	www.actahort.org /books/18/18_3.htm (281 words)

	WS-7
		While all surfactants or wetting agents are adjuvants, not all adjuvants are surfactants or wetting agents.
		Wetting agents are compounds that, when added to a spray solution, cause it to cover plant surfaces more thoroughly.
		Activator agents are the best known class of adjuvants because they are normally purchased separately by the user and added to the herbicidal solution in the spray tank.
	www.ces.purdue.edu /extmedia/WS/WS-7.html (1568 words)

	Textiles
		Concentrated caustic stable wetting agent that is stable in peroxide bleaching and produces low foam and is free rinsing.
		Dye stripping agent and cleaner for reduction of shade removal of loose dyes, and cleanup of cotton and synthetic textiles.
		Contains wetting agent to penetrate fluorocarbon treated fibers and is especially effective in processing stock dyed fluorocarbon treated fibers because of the product's high volatility during heatsetting and finishing.
	www.manufacturerschemicals.com /Textiles.htm (2070 words)

	AcornOrganic.org Database
		Wetting agent is a term used to describe a substance that either improves the absorption of water by a material that would otherwise repel water, such as dry peat moss, or to increase the adhesive properties of a spray in order to adhere to the surface of leaves.
		Conventional wetting agents are usually alcohol or petroleum distillates such as polyacrylamides.
		Wetting agents are commonly used in commercial potting mixes, since they are peat based, a substance that tends to repel water when dry.
	www.acornorganic.org /cgi-bin/organopedia/itemdisplay?149 (146 words)

	Discussion wetting
		Wetting is the displacement of one fluid on a surface by another.
		A wetting agent is any substance that increases the ability of water to displace air from a liquid or solid surface.
		On hard surfaces, wetting ability can also be screened by comparing the diameter of a sessile drop of surfactant solution with the diameter of a drop of pure liquid on a particular surface.
	www.basf.com /performancechemical/bcperfdiscussion_wetting.html (688 words)

	Research Interests
		Wetting agents are the primary management tool for combating LDS caused by water repellent soil.
		However, in addition, wetting agents are used by golf superintendents for water management, dew control, improving drainage, relieving compaction, etc. Unfortunately, there is little research to support the use of wetting agents in these ways.
		Over the past several years, we have studied the effects of wetting agents on turfgrass rooting, irrigation efficiency, salt removal, organic coating removal, etc. In addition, we have determined the effects of organic matter on wetting agent efficacy.
	www.cropsoil.uga.edu /~kjkarnok/research.html (614 words)

	wetting agents
		A blend of anionic and nonionic surfactants which functions as a leveling and penetrating agent for dyeing cellulosic, synthetic and cellulosic/synthetic blends of yarn and fabrics.
		Is an anionic penetrant and deaerating agent with antifoaming properties.
		Consamine NF A nonionic wetting and penetrant which is especially useful in scouring, dyeing and soaping off of the textile wet process where a wetting agent or penetrate is required.
	www.consos.com /wetting.htm (288 words)

	PrimeNewswire Business News: GE Advanced Materials Introduces CoatOSil Wetting Agents: High-Performance, Fluorine-Free ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The new wetting agents are highly effective at low loading levels and have broad applicability in architecture, printing, floor coatings and the coatings used in the automotive industry.
		Excellent candidates for use in polyurethane, acrylic, epoxy and polyester resin-based systems, CoatOSil Y-15790 and Y-15791 wetting agents produce exceptional performance in water-based formulations with pH levels from 6 to as high as 11.
		CoatOSil Y-15790 wetting agent is most stable between pH of 6 to 11, while CoatOSil Y-15791 wetting agent's most effective pH range is from 6 to 8.
	news.moneycentral.msn.com /inc/news/providerredir.asp?Feed=PZ&Date=20061026&ID=6139902 (493 words)

	Pollution Prevention Opportunity Evaluation
		Surfactant wetting agents, can be used to reduce the surface tension.
		Nonionic wetting agents are recommended for electrodialysis because they are not harmed by the electrical activity in the plating bath.
		Position pieces on racks to minimize drag-out by: avoiding "pockets" that hold chemical, minimizing the average depth to which parts are lowered into a solution, tilting solid objects with planar or single-curve surfaces to consolidate drainage, minimizing surface area in contact with the liquid surface when the part leaves the plating solution.
	www.uscg.mil /systems/gse/P2OA.7-2-1.htm (710 words)

	Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of patents 200511
		20050250857 - Gelling agents: The invention relates to a novel class of gelling agents, to a process of preparing said agents, to the use of said agents to prepare gels, and to the gels thus obtained.
		A gelling agent or thickener according to the invention comprises a core which is functionalized with three amino...
		If you are interested in receiving occasional emails regarding Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of patents we recommend signing up for free keyword monitoring by email.
	www.freshpatents.com /Colloid-systems-and-wetting-agents--subcombinations-thereof--processes-of-dt200511ntc516.php (520 words)

	Chemistry 1025 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To develop an understanding of surface tension in water, and determine what materials can decrease this phenomenon, and allow water to more effectively wet a material.
		Wetting agents are materials that can break the surface tension of water, and lower its cohesive forces.
		Stir each in order to obtain a concentrated solution of the wetting agents.
	faculty.dbcc.cc.fl.us /swansoj/Wetting_Agents.htm (427 words)

	Soilless Mixes and Amendments
		Practical boundaries are 75% perlite/25% peat moss for lowest wet bulk density and 25% perlite/75% peat moss for highest wet bulk density.
		Wetting agents are water absorbing polymers available in gel, liquid, or powder form.
		The amount of wetting agent added to your germination mix determines the ability of the mix to absorb water from the bottom.
	tomclothier.hort.net /page12.html (3499 words)

	Wetting Agents
		has the ability to wet and disperse pigments producing good color development, rapid dry down, reduction of cratering and fish eyes resulting in good flow and leveling properties without the addition of excessive amounts of defoamers and flammable solvents).
		This series will not gel when added to water and are detergents and wetting agents when applied at temperatures near their cloud points.
		We also offer additional wetting agents chemically described as higher ethoxylated nonyl phenols, octyl phenol ethoxylates, primary alcohol ethoxylates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, amphoterics and phosphate esters.
	deforest.net /wetting.htm (458 words)

	Textile Wetting Agents,Anionic Wetting Agents,Textile Wetting Agents Supplier,Anionic Wetting Agents Suppliers,India
		Americos OT can be used effectively as a penetrating agent during dyeing of vat by padding method and dyeing of cotton with direct dyes.
		Americos Mercer EXL is an anionic wetting agent and stable to highly concentrated alkali solutions used in mercerizing.
		It is an extremely low foaming, mercerizing wetting agent with iron binding capacity.
	www.kenencoregroup.com /rewetting-agent.html (262 words)

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