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Topic: Whale behaviour

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	Whale behaviour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a typical breach, as performed by a Humpback or Right Whale, the whale clears the water at an angle of about 30° to the horizontal.
		Others have suggested that a breach allows the whale to breathe in air that is not close to the surface of the water, and so may aid breathing in rough seas.
		Lobtailing is the act of a whale or dolphin lifting their tail fluke out of the water and then bringing it down onto the surface of the water hard and fast in order to make a loud slap.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whale_behaviour (1070 words)

	Whale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The baleen whales are characterized by the baleen, a sieve-like structure in the upper jaw made of keratin, which they use to filter plankton from the water.
		Whales are broadly classed as predators, but their food ranges from microscopic plankton to very large fish.
		Whale mothers nurse the young by actively squirting the fatty milk into their mouths, a milk that according to German naturalist Dieffenbach, bears great similarities to cow's milk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whale (2475 words)

	Whale Behaviour - SA Whale Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Whales exhale air from the blowholes on top of their heads at great pressure, causing moisture in their breath to condense and create a cloud or "blow".
		A less strenuous way for whales to communicate, is where they lay on their side at the surface and slap the water with their pectoral fin.
		Whales are able to suspend their tails above the water for quite long periods by dropping their heads and maintaining position with their pectoral fins.
	www.sawhalecentre.com /whale_watching/whale_behaviour.html (369 words)

	History of Whale Watching
		Whale watching is of particular importance to developing countries as coastal communities start to profit directly from the whales' presence, significantly adding to popular support for the full protection of these animals from any resumption of commercial whaling.
		Whale watching today is carried out from the water from crafts from kayaks, motorized rafts, and sailboats through to out-of-use fish or whaling boats and custom-built craft carrying as many as 400 people.
		Upon the resumption of whaling in Iceland in August 2003, pro-whaling groups, such as fishermen who argue that increased stocks of whales are depleting fish populations, suggested that sustainable whaling and whale watching could live side-by-side.
	www.pinnacle-travel.org /WhaleWatching/history.htm (1385 words)

	Killer Whale Research - Marine Mammal Research Consortium
		The increase in vocal behaviour after a successful attack may represent food calling (informing other animals in the area about the presence of food), but is more likely to reflect an increase in social interactions during feeding and/or the fact that the cost for vocal behaviour is comparatively low after a successful attack.
		Relationships between boat traffic and whale behaviour were studied in 1995 and 1996 by shore-based the odolite tracking of 25 identifiable focal animals from the population of 209 whales.
		Individual killer whales were repeatedly tracked in the absence of boats and during approaches by a 5.2 m motorboat that paralleled each whale at 100 m.
	www.marinemammal.org /research/killerwhales/index.php (1936 words)

	Sydney Eco Whale Watching - Whale Behaviour
		This behaviour is rare but could be to do with feeding, as a calf is often seen bobbing around its mother's tail at this time.
		Pec slapping is a common behaviour among humpbacks and is thought to be used as a form of communication.
		As whales are wild, free animals, they may exhibit some of this behaviour or none of this behaviour.
	www.austspiritsailingco.com.au /whale-behaviour.htm (744 words)

	Behaviour & Ecology
		The diving ability and pelagic distribution of the sperm whale has hampered efforts to count this animal, and to date, has resulted in population estimates that are very imprecise and/or vary widely from one study to another.
		A directional hydrophone is used to gain the bearings of the whale and to track the whale throughout its dive cycle.
		Sperm whales are among the most vocal cetaceans, producing their characteristic clicks between 50 and 70% of the time.
	www.otago.ac.nz /marinescience/mammals/behavior.htm (1430 words)

	HB Whale Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hervey Bay is used by Whales as a sort of a protected water "staging area" where they rest, play, peoplewatch, nurture their calves and sometimes mate before they travel back to the Antarctic Ocean to feed in readiness for their next migration.
		Whale Watching in open ocean rather than in the protection of a Bay, and having to chase Whales to view them often results in disappointment especially for those people that have watched Whales in Hervey Bay before elsewhere.
		Whales will also very often exhibit a behaviour form know as a 'Tail Slap' where the Whale will be positioned almost vertically in the water with its head down and tail out of the water repeatedly slapping the water and throwing larger amounts of spray about.
	www.whaleplanet.com.au /WhaleWatchHBWhaleInfo.htm (2478 words)

	Awesome whale behaviour in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia
		Awesome whale behaviour is actually quite common, and is seen every year by visiting enthusiasts at Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia.
		This common behaviour is thought to be used mainly for orientating themselves with the shoreline during migration.
		Because of the formidable power of the tail, this behaviour should be interpreted as aggressive and the creature should be given plenty of room.
	dkd.net /whales/hbwbehav.html (671 words)

	CSIRO Marine Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the worlds largest fish, reaches a length of up to 18 m and is found in tropical and warm temperate seas throughout the world (Last and Stevens 1994).
		When it became clear that aggregations of whale sharks could be found predictably during the March to May period, divers and documentary makers began visiting the area and eventually an ecotourism industry developed based on diving with the sharks.
		Whale sharks are also seen on the east coast of Australia but it is not known whether these are the same stock as those seen in the west.
	www.marine.csiro.au /LeafletsFolder/51wshark/51.html (1382 words)

	Humpback Whale Behavior Maui Hawaii
		Whales are considered to be associated if they are surfacing at the same time, diving at the same time, engaging in similar behaviors, and if they are traveling within a body length of each other.
		One whale may carry a note a bit longer than another whale, but the structure and components are the same.
		It includes the whales that are part of this population that migrate to Japan and to Baja.
	www.whalewatchmaui.com /behavior.html (1379 words)

	Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station - NB - Canada, Seal and Whale page
		Whale watchers should be aware that in order to closely approach a whale for research purposes, a permit must be obtained from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
		Whale watching can be fun and educational, but great care must be taken to ensure that the animals are not harassed or bothered.
		Whale watch companies in the Bay of Fundy adhere to a Code of Ethics which governs their behaviour around the whales, make sure your operator has signed the code and abides by the guidelines.
	www.gmwsrs.org /watch.htm (3351 words)

	Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station - NB - Canada, marine mammal intro page
		Whales have a wide range of behaviours that serve a variety of functions - some of which we still do not understand.
		Whale species have distinctive blows - right whales have V-shaped blows, humpbacks have bushy, balloon shaped blows, finback and blue whales have tall straight blows, visible from great distances, sperm whale blows veer off to one side.
		Whales do not sleep as we do because they are voluntary breathers and must remain semi-conscious to continue breathing.
	www.gmwsrs.org /marmam.htm (2480 words)

	Whale Discoveries: Frequently Asked Questions
		The concept of swimming or snorkelling with whales may be intuitively appealing, but the reality is that people who initiate close contact with cetaceans place themselves at risk of injury and may inadvertently cause changes in the whales' behaviour.
		This baleen whale migrates annually from its feeding grounds in the Ross Sea, Antarctica to Tonga's warm, sheltered waters to breed, give birth to and nurture their young until they are strong enough to make the 5,000 km journey south.
		Tonga's whale watch season is June to November, however the most reliable months for whale sightings are late June to October when the whales are courting, giving birth to and nursing their calves.
	www.whalediscoveries.com /wdfaqs.htm (1591 words)

	Humpback whale diving behaviour study
		Humpback whales, like other cetaceans, spend the majority of their time beneath the water’s surface, yet relatively little is known of their activities there.
		Most of the tags were deployed on whales in competitive groups, and two were slightly damaged from impacts during these competitive interactions, but data from all tags (except for one where the TDR battery failed) were successfully recovered.
		Deep-diving behaviour of the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Cetacea: Ziiphidae).
	www.cascadiaresearch.org /Robin/humpback.htm (1023 words)

	Diving behaviour of a gray whale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The tag was attached to the whale by an 8 cm rubber suction cup with a galvanic-magnesium release mechanism, fired from a cross-bow (Figure 1).
		A hypothetical model of proportional use of space throughout the water column was developed a priori, based on a net energy maximizing, foraging gray whale (Figure 3).
		The idea of a bottom-feeding whale, used for the model, still works well in terms of water column use for comparison with the TDR data.
	office.geog.uvic.ca /dept/whale/chris.html (428 words)

	Transient killer whale behaviour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Occurrence and behaviour varied seasonally and among pods; some pods foraged almost entirely in open water and were recorded in the study area throughout the year, while others spent much of their time foraging around pinniped haul-outs and other near-shore sites, and used the study area primarily during the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) weaning/post-weaning period.
		Overall use of the area was greatest during that period, and energy intake at that time was significantly greater than at other times of the year, likely due to the high encounter rates and ease of capture of harbour seal pups.
		Combined with previous studies on behavioural, ecological and morphological differences, such avoidance behaviour supports the supposition that these populations are reproductively isolated.
	www.cascadiaresearch.org /robin/cjz1995.htm (208 words)

	Pressure is on to lift whaling ban : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since the moratorium took effect in 1986, more than 7000 whales have been killed under the banner of scientific research, mainly by Japan (see Graph)And Japan will announce plans at the IWC meeting to double its scientific quota of minke whales in Antarctic waters to 800, as well as adding humpback and fin whales.
		One of the greatest obstacles to the idea of restarting commercial whaling may ironically turn out to be a lack of demand for whale meat.
		It is the largest whaling nation and the biggest contributor to the International Whaling Commission, yet sales of whale meat in Japan are declining and recent polls reveal people feel ambivalent about it.
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=1715680 (1985 words)

	Whales and Humpback Whales behaviour
		Unlike the drawings of ancient map makers, the whale does not blow a stream of water.
		Humpback Whales produce the longest and most varied 'songs' in the animal world.
		Sequences are arranged into cycles characteristic of a particular whale population.
	www.frogandtoad.com.au /nt/whales.html (394 words)

	Whale Behaviour - Canadian Travel Adventures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Whales can be identified by their swimming, diving and breaching behaviours.
		Spouting - the frequency of breathing and the height of their spray or blow can also identify whales; spouting is usually quite loud, and can often be seen and heard up to a mile away.
		Unlike fish, which swim by moving their tails right to left, whales move their tails up and down.
	www.canadiantraveladventures.com /whale-watching/whale-behaviour.aspx (196 words)

	Northern bottlenose whale diving behaviour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Deep-diving behaviour of the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Cetacea: Ziphiidae)
		Two deployments in 1997 on northern bottlenose whales in a submarine canyon off Nova Scotia demonstrated their exceptional diving ability, with dives approximately every 80 min to over 800 m (maximum 1453 m), and up to 70 min in duration.
		Sonar traces of non-tagged, diving bottlenose whales in 1996 and 1997 suggest that such deep dives are not unusual.
	whitelab.biology.dal.ca /sh/diving.htm (181 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Secrets of largest fish revealed
		For the whale sharks, this is a feast, and they swim through the egg soup time and time again, filling their giant mouths with snapper caviar.
		The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is found globally, both in open water and near shore.
		Hunted primarily for fins, the whale shark is 'vulnerable' to extinction
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4279278.stm (575 words)

	Kingfisher Bay Resort, Fraser Island
		From August to October humpback whales, on their way south to the Antarctic from the warmer northern waters, stop to rest in Platypus Bay, just 30km or a 40 minute cruise north of the resort.
		Whale watchers aboard Kingfisher Bay Resort's fast, stable catamaran have literally been surrounded by whales rolling and fin slapping, breaching and doing fluke-up dives.
		The whales often come right up to the boat, leaning against the hull to rest or to push their heads out of the water (spy hop) to look at the whale watchers.
	www.ozhorizons.com.au /qld/fc/kingfisher/ww.htm (406 words)

	Awesome whale behaviour is actually quite common
		Gray whales were hunted to near extinction in the 1800s, and again in the 1930s.
		Today, more than 21,000 gray whales inhabit the North Pacific, a population estimate that most experts consider at least as high as pre-whaling numbers.
		The northern right whale is the most endangered baleen whale.
	www.students.mcneese.edu /twilli1/Conservation.htm (402 words)

	World Wide Whales - Absolutely Awesome !
		Found in all the oceans of the world, whales are members of the Cetacea order of marine mammals, which also includes Dolphins and Porpoises.
		Toothed Whales (Odontoceti) are predators eating a variety of marine wildlife, wheras Baleen Whales (Mysticeti) have a filter called a baleen used to sieve tiny food particles from the water.
		Commonly observed whale behaviour patterns are described and explained here, with many pictures.
	www.dkd.net /whales (273 words)

	Complexity Digest - Diving Behaviour Of Whale Sharks In Relation To A Predictable Food Pulse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diving Behaviour Of Whale Sharks In Relation To A Predictable Food Pulse, Interface
		Excerpts: We present diving data for four whale sharks in relation to a predictable food pulse (reef fish spawn) and an analysis of the longest continuous fine-resolution diving record for a planktivorous shark.
		Fine-resolution pressure data from a recovered pop-up archival satellite tag deployed for 206 days on a whale shark were analysed using the fast Fourier Transform method for frequency domain analysis of time-series.
	www.comdig.org /article.php?id_article=22646 (152 words)

	Whale Theme
		This link is to their search page from where a keyword search on "whales" will produce numerous hits.
		Caution #1: Many of the web sites that these lessons access may already be on this CLN page - it's the creation of lesson objectives and the sequencing of the tours through the sites that make the lesson potentially useful to your students.
		Read about whales through history, whale facts, and whale watching guidelines (and more) in their information section.
	www.cln.org /themes/whale.html (564 words)

	GOLD RIVER WOMAN CONVICTED OF DISTURBING KILLER WHALE
		“Physical contact with L98, including touching, petting, and rubbing his body, have a range of potentially serious consequences for this whale’s future well-being,” says Dr. John Ford, a marine mammal scientist at DFO and a well respected authority on killer whale behaviour.
		When Dr. Ford first observed L98 in October, 2001, his behaviour patterns were relatively normal and showed only passing interest in the research vessel and other boats in the area.
		Ford attributes this to be a direct result of the amount of attention this whale is getting from people in the area.
	www-comm.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /pages/release/p-releas/2003/nr027_e.htm (477 words)

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