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	whelk â“ FREE whelk Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		The whelk is sometimes eaten, but when food is plentiful, fishermen frequently use it for bait.
		Whelks are scavengers and carnivores, equipped with an extensible proboscis, tipped with a filelike radula, with which they bore holes through the shells of crabs and lobsters, and a large, muscular foot with which they hold their victims.
		The invasive rapa whelk Rapana venosa (valenciennes 1846): status and potential ecological impacts in the Rio de la Plata estuary, Argentina-Uruguay.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-whelk.html (1287 words)

	Whelk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters.
		Like other mollusks, whelks have a mantle, which is a thin layer of tissue located between the body and the shell that creates the shell.
		Whelks build their hard shells from calcium carbonate they extract from the seas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whelk (360 words)

	Dog Whelk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wave action tends to confine the dog whelk to more sheltered shores, but can be counteracted, both by adaptations to tolerate it such as the shell and muscular foot, and by the avoidance of direct exposure to wave action afforded by making use of sheltered microhabitats in rocky crevices.
		The preferred substrate material of the dog whelk is solid rock and not sand, which adds to its problems at lower levels on the shore where weathering is likely to have reduced the stability of the seabed.
		The upper limit of the range in which the dog whelk is generally found is approximately coincidental with the mean high water neaps line, and the lower limit of the range is approximately coincidental with the mean low water neaps line, so that the vast majority of dog whelks are found on the middle shore.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dog_Whelk (964 words)

	Knobbed whelk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Knobbed whelk is a marine invertebrate univalve.
		Knobbed whelks are native to the North Atlantic coast of North America from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to northern Florida.
		The Knobbed whelk is subtidal (living underwater) and is migratory, alternating between deep or shallow water, depending on the time of year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Knobbed_whelk (584 words)

	Horseshoe crabs as whelk bait
		Whelks, also called conchs, are found in shallow coastal waters from spring through fall, but migrate offshore during the winter.
		Whelks are harvested in the United States from April to December.
		Knobbed whelks are unable to scale the side of a baited pot due to their large, heavy shells.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /horseshoecrab/Fisheries/whelkbait.html (472 words)

	whelk. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The whelk is sometimes eaten, but when food is plentiful, fishermen frequently use it for bait.
		Whelks are scavengers and carnivores, equipped with an extensible proboscis, tipped with a filelike radula, with which they bore holes through the shells of crabs and lobsters, and a large, muscular foot with which they hold their victims.
		Whelks are classified in the phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda, order Neogastropoda.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wh/whelk.html (179 words)

	Rapa whelk reporting system
		Whelks must be alive at the time that they are given to VIMS personnel.
		Rapa whelk t-shirts will be available instead of the $5 (live) or $2 (dead or shell only) per animal for individuals that donate 10 or more whelks.
		Juvenile or very young rapa whelks may be confused with several local species of snails, particularly Atlantic oyster drills, thick-lipped oyster drills, and mottled dog whelks.
	www.vims.edu /mollusc/research/rapaw/mervbounty.htm (678 words)

	The Common Whelk (Buccinum undatum)
		The common whelk (Buccinum undatum) is an inhabitant of coastal areas of the northern Atlantic ocean, as well on the eastern coast as on the western coast.
		The whelk lives on different soils, but it is most frequently found on soft ground, for example muddy and sandy ocean floor habitats, in depths between 5 and 200 metres (15 to 600 feet).
		Whelks of different ages are used to live in different depths, the older whelks seem to prefer deeper sea areas, whereas the younger ones live near the shore.
	www.weichtiere.at /Mollusks/Schnecken/meer/wellhorn.html (691 words)

	99 ENS Whelk Plan (English) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1998, the whelk fishery was restricted to the closed lobster season, with a one-week buffer period between the closing of a lobster district and the commencement of whelk fishing.
		Under the dual season, whelk licence holders will be permitted under the authority of their exploratory whelk licence condition and subject to all other terms and conditions of their lobster licence, to retain whelk by-catch from their lobster traps during lobster season.
		Whelk reproduction is known to occur in the spring.
	www.mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /fisheries/res/imp/99enwlk.htm (3932 words)

	Veined Rapa Whelk - Chesapeake Bay Program
		The rapa whelk is a predator that feeds upon mollusks.
		The rapa whelk is a gastropod, an organism characterized by its distinctive anatomy.
		The whelk’s expansion is considered to be one of the main causes for declining mussel populations in Bulgarian waters, the Kerch Strait and the Caucasus.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /info/rapa.cfm (417 words)

	REGULATION: PERTAINING TO CHANNELED WHELK (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The purpose of this chapter is to establish a viable commercial fishery for channeled whelk in Virginia waters, while minimizing the potential for overfishing of Virginia channeled whelk stocks.
		Those undersized whelk in excess of the allowance level, as described in subsections A and B of this section, shall be returned immediately to the water alive.
		Any person not utilizing horseshoe crabs as bait for channeled whelk shall be exempt from the provisions of subsection B of this section, provided that the possession of any quantity of horseshoe crabs on board the vessel of such person shall constitute prima facie evidence of a violation of this regulation.
	www.mrc.state.va.us /regulations/fr890.shtm (1313 words)

	1998 Whelk Management Plan (English) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whelks and moonsnails feed on bivalve molluscs such as mussels, clams and oysters.
		When whelks feed on contaminated prey some of the toxins are passed on to whelks where they concentrate in the digestive gland.
		You are required to forthwith return all other species of fish caught, including the ten-ridged whelk (Neptunea decemcostata) and the Stimpson´s whelk (Colus stimpsoni) to the water to the place from which it was taken; and where it is alive, in a manner that causes it the least harm.
	www.mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /fisheries/res/imp/98whelk.html (3543 words)

	The Georgia Shell Club: Whelk page
		Since the Knobbed Whelk is both the mascot of the Georgia Shell Club and the official State Shell for Georgia we have decided to develop a set of pages dedicated to this mollusc.
		The egg capsules of the Knobbed Whelk are coin-shaped, 20 to 30 mm in diameter and 3 to 6 mm thick with crenulations around the edges.
		Other differences between these whelk's shells and the Knobbed Whelk's shell, is that they have channeled sutures between successive whorls and their periostracum (a thin brownish colored layer that covers the outside of the shell) is 'furry'.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~amylyne/GSC/whelk.html (1235 words)

	Channeled Whelk (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The channeled whelk has five to six whorls with very small "beads" along the whorl edges rather than the knobs found on lightning and knobbed whelks.
		As with the knobbed whelk and most other whelks, the channeled whelk's opening is on the right side.
		As with the lightning and knobbed whelks, the females lay strings of egg capsules, attaching one end in the sand.
	www.assateague.com /channel.html (128 words)

	Lightning Whelk (Busycon perversum pulleyi)
		Lightning whelks are unusual in that they have a counterclockwise shell spiral (lightning whelks are usually called "left handed").
		Lightning whelks may be found on the bottom of shallow bays in sand or mud near shoalgrass or turtlegrass meadows.
		Many tribes believed that the "left handed" spiral made the shells sacred objects, but whelks were also eaten and their shells used as scrapers, gouges and even cups and bowls.
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /huntwild/wild/species/index.phtml?o=lwhelk&print=false (483 words)

	Aquascope\|Facts\|Common whelk\|More facts 12
		The common whelk is one of the largest and most common snails in the north Atlantic.
		If fishing should be too intensive, the average size of the whelk will decrease and when there are too few sexually mature whelks, the population will have a gloomy future.
		Whelks are a common "secondary catch" in lobster, crab and crayfish pots, but are also caught in trawls and other nets.
	www.vattenkikaren.gu.se /Fakta/arter/mollusca/prosobra/buccunda/buccu12e.html (272 words)

	Veined Rapa Whelk
		The Veined Rapa Whelk (Rapana venosa) is a member of the Muricidae, a family of predatory marine snails.
		Whelks may get to their prey by boring a hole into the edge of its shell or in the case of bivalves, by rasping around the region where the two valves meet and prying it open.
		The Veined Rapa Whelk is restricted to the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the Bohai Sea.
	www.iisgcp.org /EXOTICSP/rapa.htm (597 words)

	Beans with Dog-whelk - Roteiro Gastronómico de Portugal
		Add the beans and part of the liquid in which they were cooked and let the mixture boil until it has thickened.
		Hint: The use of medium-sized whelk is advisable.
		It is also possible to cook the whelk before cutting them.
	www.portugal.gastronomias.com /ealgarve083.html (232 words)

	Melev's Reef - What is a whelk? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If you look at the texture of their snouts, there is a specific pattern "tatooed" onto the flesh of the Whelk.
		Also, the Whelk has a protective shell on its tail that it uses to seal itself in its shell when in danger.
		Whelks act like snails, and tend to be on the glass or rockwork.
	www.melevsreef.com /id/whats_a_whelk.html (365 words)

	Knobbed Whelk Printout - Enchanted Learning Software
		The Knobbed Whelk (Busycon carica) is a gastropod, a soft-bodied invertebrate (animal without a backbone) that is protected by a very hard shell.
		The whelk's mantle, a thin layer of tissue located between the body and the shell, creates the shell.
		The smaller pair of tentacles is used for the sense of smell and the sense of touch.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Knobbedwhelk.shtml (267 words)

	Texas Symbols, Shell: Lightning Whelk - SHG Resources
		The lightning whelk (Busycon perversum pulleyi) was named the official state shell by the 70th Legislature in 1987.
		Tate chose a subspecies known as the “Texas lightning whelk.” One of the few shells that open on the left side, the lightning whelk is named for its colored stripes.
		The Texas lightning whelk was approved by the Texas Senate and House.
	www.shgresources.com /tx/symbols/shell (1019 words)

	Re: Whelk stall
		A whelk stall is therefore one that sells whelks, a whelk being some unfortunate marine mollusc that's used as a foodstuff in Europe.
		A whelk stall is also liable to offer cockles and mussels for sale, and maybe prawns and jellied eels as well.
		Figuratively a whelk stall can also mean a very small and humble commercial enterprise that therefore should be extremely simple to operate and run - there's a dismissive British expression "he's not even fit to run a whelk stall" that's frequently used to this day.
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/20/messages/90.html (217 words)

	Chesapeake Bay Journal: Exotic whelk found in Bay may pose threat to shellfish, oyster fisheries - April 1999
		A whelk that apparently hitched a ride to the Bay from Europe may be the latest problem for oysters and other shellfish.
		In the Black Sea, rapa whelks have proved to be tolerant to low oxygen conditions, water pollution and low salinities, and are thought to have caused the near extinction of several previously abundant shellfish species.
		Mann said the rapa whelk could spread through much of the Bay as well, although oyster beds in upper portions of Virginia rivers would likely be safe from the whelks.
	www.bayjournal.com /article.cfm?article=2117 (769 words)

	Honours webpage for Animating interactions between agents who change their minds. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The whelks were found to have the following properties: the whelk's shell does not weaken after a break attempt, so has the same probability of breaking each drop.
		On average, it was determined that a crow uses 25% of the energy gained by eating the whelk to break the whelk's shell~\cite{Alcock:1998}.
		The properties of different sized whelks are: the larger whelks were found not only to contain a larger food source (hence more energy), but they were also found to be easier to break.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /hons/projects/2003/Andrew.Jones/simulations.html (1928 words)

	Lightning Whelk (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lightning whelk shells, found along the southern East Coast, are distinguished from most of the other whelk shells on Assateague beach--particularly from the knobbed whelk--by their left-side (sinistral) opening (lower photo).
		With its large foot, the whelk pries open the clam's shell.
		Whelk egg capsules can also be found along the beach.
	www.assateague.com /lt-whelk.html (92 words)

	Whelk Sighting in Maryland - Teton Gravity Research Forums
		I couldn't see the bottom of the whelk, due to her shirt collar, so I could not confirm if he was spewing warm bukakke death from above all over her, but I suspected this was the case.
		Maybe a cousin, uncle, brother, etc. The striking similarity between the bukakkee spewing Angry Whelk and this whelk were too great for this to be some kind of coincidence.
		Maybe this whelk was not exposed to as much toxic pollution, so it did not devolve into an angry, hate-filled mollusk.
	www.tetongravity.com /forums/showthread.php?t=20189 (367 words)

	Illuminations: Whelk-Come to Mathematics
		The amount of work in dropping a whelk to break it open depends on the height of the drop and the number of times a whelk has to be dropped.
		To investigate the work solely as a function of height, a relationship between the number of drops and the height is required.
		Since northwestern crows feed only on the largest whelk, the data from his experiment for the large whelk are provided within the Model Analysis worksheet.
	illuminations.nctm.org /index_d.aspx?id=482 (1103 words)

	Food for Thought: Fisheries Don’t Welcome This Whelk, Science News Online (10/9/99)
		Mann now suspects that larval whelks may have been dumped into the Chesapeake along with ballast from cargo ships from the Sea of Japan—or even the Black Sea, where this invader is credited with wiping out native oysters.
		Their large size suggests that some of the invading whelks in the Chesapeake "must be at least 10 years old," Mann says.
		Native brethren, like the knobbed whelk (left), are thinner and have less ribbing on the external surface of their shells than does the alien Rapa whelk (right).
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arc99/10_9_99/food.htm (1554 words)

	Journal of Shellfisheries Research: Veined rapa whelk range extensions in the Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay, USA
		Veined rapa whelks (Rapana venosa) are large predatory marine gastropods that, to date, are the progenitors of four known successful invasions into estuarine habitats around the world.
		Ancedotally, two or three additional rapa whelks of approximately the same size were collected from the same site at the same time but were not donated to VIMS so these collections cannot be positively confirmed as additional rapa whelks.
		The three reported range extensions for rapa whelks effectively fill in/out the spatial coverage of the habitat known to be occupied by this animal in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay (Fig.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0QPU/is_2_24/ai_n15380352 (1398 words)

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