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	Whiskey Rebellion - MSN Encarta
		Whiskey Rebellion, series of disturbances in 1794 aimed against the enforcement of a U.S. federal law of 1791 imposing an excise tax on whiskey.
		The grain farmers, most of whom were also distillers, depended on whiskey for almost all their income, and they considered the law an attack on their liberty and economic well-being.
		The so-called Whiskey Rebellion is important in U.S. history mainly because it provided the first real test of the federal government's prerogatives and law enforcement power, including the president's right to command the use of state militias.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761564115 (306 words)

	Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
		The Liberty Flag of the Whiskey Insurrection was much like the Sons of Liberty flags used by the colonists in their rebellion against England, but note the fifteen stripes for the then fifteen states.
		Whiskey (Bourbon whiskey) is an American native spirit, with a history steeped in the cultures of the earliest settlers.
		Although whiskey was produced throughout the colonies (George Washington was among the noted whiskey producers of the time), the Scotch-Irish settlers of western Pennsylvania are where bourbon roots began, and where rebellion to the United States first was occurred.
	www.bucklinsociety.net /Whiskey_Rebellion.htm (1217 words)

	Whiskey Taxes: The Real Thing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In retrospect, the rye whiskey of the western frontier was a beverage that defined a fresh-born nation.
		Whiskey served as a medicine, a tonic, and an anesthetic in a time and place where there was no alternative.
		And distilled whiskey had commercial value, such that it was worth a man's while to transport it over the mountains, where it sold in Philadelphia for a price in colonial times that was the equivalent of about $25 per gallon today.
	www.whiskeyandgunpowder.com /Archives/2004/20041217.html (3443 words)

	Libertarians, Socialists, and the Whiskey Rebellion by William Hogeland
		Libertarians, by contrast, have read the whiskey rebels as heroic property holders, victims of overly strong government, and the rebellion's suppression as a dystopian parable, with the distressing quality of having not only actually happened but happened at, and because of, the birth of the United States.
		The whiskey tax, linchpin of the whole national finance plan, offered overwhelming advantage to large, government-connected, specialized operators; it pounded the people of the always restless, defiant, independence-minded west; it drove small farmers, independent artisans, and landless laborers alike into the factories of their creditors.
		The Whiskey Rebellion was thus a class and labor action, intended to overturn the ruling elite and bring greater social equality to America, as promised by the Revolution.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig7/hogeland1.html (2444 words)

	Oliver Miller Homestead - Pioneer Landmark & Whiskey Rebellion Site
		Whiskey was widely used for medicinal purposes, as a beverage, and a medium of exchange.
		Monongahela rye whiskey was carried in eight-gallon kegs by pack horse across the mountains to the east to be sold for a dollar a gallon.
		Because of the involvement of the Miller family in the events of the Whiskey Rebellion, the Stone House was declared a National Historical Landmark in 1934.
	www.15122.com /OLIVERMILLER/whiskey.htm (537 words)

	David Bradford and Causes of the Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Insurrection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This was permitted by the state of Pennsylvania as a means of producing funds and, at the urging of Hugh H. Brackenridge, a Pittsburgh attorney, and school roommate of attorney-general William Bradford, the state took steps to outlaw the secessionist activities assuring a continued flow of income.
		The whiskey tariff, which is often incorrectly thought of as being the only cause of the coming disagreement, was seven cents a gallon (the price actually varied depending on the capacity of the still, not what was actually produced).
		It did publicize some of the problems the settlers were having with the government, gave the newly formed government a chance to flex its muscles and, in a sense, redefined the word treason to permit disagreement with the government without being considered treasonous.
	www.whiskeyrebellion.org /rebell.htm (2954 words)

	The Whiskey Rebellion: Taxing 'Sin'-- Then and Now - The Early America Review, Fall 1996
		The chain of events that led to the Whiskey Rebellion began when Alexander Hamilton put together an agreement between the states and the federal government that said the feds would assume all the debts incurred by the states after the Revolutionary War.
		Their rebellion spread swiftly but they were no match for the power of George Washington.
		That was the end of the Whiskey Rebellion although, if memory serves, the excise tax was either repealed or (unlike the whiskey) diluted.
	earlyamerica.com /review/fall96/whiskey.html (718 words)

	The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and the Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America's Newfound ...
		Hogeland pulls together the historical events that gave rise to the Whiskey Rebellion, narrating the event through the eyes of both the rebels and the leaders of the nascent political establishment, particularly Washington and Alexander Hamilton.
		Whiskey wasn’t just an alcoholic drink, whose taxation, as Hamilton claimed, would moderate consumption: it was in fact a medium of exchange in which rents and labor would often get paid.
		In the wake of the crushing of the rebellion, together with the defeats suffered by the Indians on the frontier, Washington saw the value of his own land leap by 50 percent.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2006/oct2006/whis-o05.shtml (3216 words)

	Whiskey Rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As word of the rebellion spread across the frontier, a whole series of loosely organized resistance measures were taken, including robbing the mail, stopping court proceedings, and the threat of an assault on Pittsburgh.
		The military suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion set a precedent that U.S. citizens who wished to change the law had to do so peacefully through constitutional means; otherwise, the government would meet any threats to disturb the peace with force.
		The suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion also had the unintended consequences of encouraging small whiskey producers and other in Kentucky and Tennessee, which remained outside the sphere of Federal control for many more years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion (1220 words)

	SparkNotes: Building the State (1781-1797): Increasing Tensions and The Whiskey Rebellion
		The whiskey tax was reduced and trials for tax evasion became the jurisdiction of federal courts as a result of the public outcry, even before full-fledged rebellion began.
		The Whiskey Rebellion was the public embodiment of the political opposition to Federalism as exercised by Washington and Hamilton.
		The Whiskey Rebellion arose partly because the farmers felt that the tax had been imposed, and was enforced, by men who knew nothing of their situation and needs.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/statebuilding/section10.rhtml (1000 words)

	Whiskey Rebellion - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Whiskey Rebellion 1794, uprising in the Pennsylvania counties W of the Alleghenies, caused by Alexander Hamilton 's excise tax of 1791.
		The settlers, mainly Scotch-Irish, for whom whiskey was an important economic commodity, resented the tax as discriminatory and detrimental to their liberty and economic welfare.
		A brief history of zealotry in America: from the Whiskey Rebellion to the Weather Underground, armed rebels are nothing new.(Cover Story)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-whiskr1eb.html (296 words)

	Whisky Rebellion: A Model for Our Time?
		The Whiskey Rebellion has long been known to historians, but recent studies have shown that its true nature and importance have been distorted by friend and foe alike.
		The whiskey tax was particularly hated in the back-country because whisky production and distilling were widespread; whiskey was not only a home product for most farmers, it was often used as a money, as a medium of exchange for transactions.
		The Whiskey Rebellion was actually widespread and successful, for it eventually forced the federal government to repeal the excise tax.
	www.mises.org /freemarket_detail.asp?control=206&sortorder=articledate (1018 words)

	The Whiskey Rebellion
		For the agricultural west, it was more profitable to turn their crops into whiskey than sell them in their original form.
		The whiskey was easier to ship than bulky grains, and it would not spoil.
		The Whiskey Rebellion was the first test of the new government.
	members.aol.com /ellseybell/rebellion.html (1048 words)

	The Whiskey Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He demonstrated this belief in his reaction to the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794.
		Whiskey is an alcoholic drink made from corn.
		It was now perceived, that every expectation from the tenderness which had been hitherto pursued, was unavailing, and that further delay could only create an opinion of impotency [a lack of strength or power to do anything] or irresolution [the lack of ability to solve any problems] in the government.
	home.earthlink.net /~jkash2/whiskey.html (638 words)

	American Whiskey
		The art of distilling and making whiskey was exported to the Colonies from the British Isles even as the American colonies themselves were growing.
		Here the spirit of independence and rebellion marked the departure of American whiskeys from their British cousins in both technique and taste.
		While Tennessee whiskey is very similar to bourbon, the Tennessee whiskey must undergo the "Lincoln County Process," which requires the whiskey to be filtered through approximately 10 feet of maple charcoal.
	www.drinkfocus.com /whiskey/american-whiskey.php (459 words)

	On the Whiskey Trail - PittsburghLIVE.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Oliver Miller Homestead and the Woodville Plantation highlight the lives of early settlers, the importance of whiskey to commerce and the independent spirit that led to a short-lived rebellion in 1794 after the federal government taxed whiskey.
		Although rye whiskey was made at the site in a log house as early as 1803, the 1838 distillery building, and the village that surrounded it, represent a tipping point in the nation's transition from agriculture to industry, according to Gerlich.
		The most important Whiskey Rebellion artifact on display at the homestead is the bottom half of an 18th-century still that belonged to the Millers.
	www.phlf.org /news/mediaclips/2005/20050522TR_WhiskeyRebellion.html (2260 words)

	The Whiskey Rebellion - Friendship Hill National Historic Site
		A smaller producer, who only made whiskey occasionally, had to make payments throughout the year at a rate of about nine cents per gallon.
		The Whiskey Rebellion took place throughout the western frontier.
		The residents of western Pennsylvania played a major role in the "Whiskey Rebellion." It was the violent reaction of the people in this area that compelled President George Washington to call 12,950 militia men to suppress the rebellion in 1794.
	www.nps.gov /frhi/whiskreb.htm (958 words)

	Free Essay Historic Analysis of the Whiskey Rebellion
		An 8 page research paper that gives an overall view of the Whiskey Rebellion that occurred in the counties of Pennsylvania and Virginia that are west of th...
		The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 helped bring about the demise of the aristocratic Federalist Government in favor of the democratic Republican Government, concerned with the needs of all of its citizens.
		The unwillingness of these independent people west of the mountains to submit to Federalist principles, as the unwillingness of the farmers of the Shays Rebellion, helped publicize some of the problems the settlers were having and allowed citizens to voice their disapproval of their government without being considered treasonous.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=29917 (1530 words)

	Why the Whiskey Rebellion Is Worth Recalling Now
		Hogeland is the author of The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and the Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America's Newfound Sovereignty, which was published in April by Scribner.
		The rebellion was sparked in 1791 when Hamilton, now President Washington's Treasury Secretary, persuaded the first U.S. Congress to levy, at long last, the first federal domestic tax, earmarked for securing reliable interest payments to those same bondholders.
		The whiskey rebels were not, as Hamilton also depicted them, illiterate hillbillies driven mad by limitations on consumption of a favorite beverage.
	hnn.us /articles/27341.html (1676 words)

	The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
		Paterson's notes contain a detailed record of the rebellion and a discussion of the legal definition of treason, which this case helped to shape.
		Barnett was among several rebels tried for treason for participating in the Whiskey Rebellion.
		The opposition, which was gradually ripening [inserted: forming] into a regular system, was [inserted: perhaps,] precipitated [inserted: into acts of hostility,] [struck: perhaps;] by the arrival of the marshal to serve process in that part of the country.
	www.gilderlehrman.org /search/display_results.php?id=GLC01114 (568 words)

	Whiskey Rebellion - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Whiskey Rebellion, series of disturbances in 1794 aimed against the enforcement of a United States federal law of 1791 imposing an excise tax on...
		The first national excise taxes were levied in 1643 by the Long Parliament in England to raise funds for the impoverished government; this was...
		In domestic matters, antagonism between Federalists and Republicans built up steadily after Federalist suppression of the so-called Whiskey Rebellion...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Whiskey_Rebellion.html (107 words)

	The Whiskey Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Rye was a crop that was easy to grow and flourished on the banks of the Monongahela River Valley.
		Whiskey was still produced in the Monongahela Valley with great enthusiasm until Prohibition when the remaining distilleries fell on hard times.
		Modern rye whiskey is now produced in many places.
	www.enterweb.com /eckels/whiskey.html (911 words)

	The American Experience \| The Duel \| People & Events \| The Whiskey Rebellion
		And Alexander Hamilton understood that putting down this rebellion was critical to the life of the nation.
		He proposed an excise tax on whiskey produced in the United States, and Congress instituted the levy in 1791.
		By the time the federal force arrived, the rebellion had collapsed and most of the rebels had fled.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/duel/peopleevents/pande22.html (325 words)

	Whiskey Rebellion - mix of traditional bluegrass and great covers - BOOK THE BAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was at the Maury River Fiddlers' Convention in Buena Vista, Virginia, tha WHISKEY REBELLION came togeher.
		Phillips' songwriting - "as old as Gillian Welch and as new as The Carter Family"; the exquisite good taste of Roy Myers's accompaniment and the virtuosity and harmonic sophistication of his improvisation; Mary Simpson's powerful voice and the celebration in her fiddling; David Cosper's "deep in the pocket" groove sensibility and searching improvisation...
		Altogether, the WHISKEY REBELLION may be the most exciting acoustic music you've heard in a long time.
	www.samhillbands.com /bands/whiskey_rebellion/index.shtml (390 words)

	BookPage Nonfiction Review: The Whiskey Rebellion
		The ensuing rebellion pitted well-off Easterners with large distilleries against less well-off Westerners, many of them desperate and disgruntled war veterans with small farms and businesses.
		Radical Westerners felt that resisting the tax, often with threats and violence (such as the tarring and feathering of collectors), was their last chance for fairness.
		The Whiskey Rebellion is important history, carefully researched and written with verve for a general readership.
	www.bookpage.com /0604bp/nonfiction/whiskey_rebellion.html (376 words)

	Whiskey Rebellion - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Whiskey Rebellion - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		George Washington, use of state militias against Whiskey Rebellion
		Bad news also came from western Pennsylvania, where three of Genêt’s democratic societies had become focal points of rebellion over the excise tax on...
	encarta.msn.com /Whiskey_Rebellion.html (125 words)

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