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	Whitby Abbey- A Virtual Tour
		Whitby Abbey was founded in the seventh century on cliffs by the sea; its haunting remains can still be seen from the sea and are a testament to the Golden Age of Northumbria.
		The Danes sacked and destroyed Whitby in 867 C.E., and monastic life ceased there until 1078 C.E. The Norman Conquest brought a renewal of monastic life in many parts of England, perhaps best symbolized by William's foundation of Battle Abbey as an act of penance of the death of Harold.
		Already in the early fourteenth century, the abbey was in debt, partly due to the rebuilding of the glorious nave.
	www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~dvess/ids/medieval/whitby/whitby.shtml (1601 words)

	Whitby - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Whitby is a historic town in North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England.
		The Synod of Whitby, in 664, established the Roman date of Easter in Northumbria at the expense of the Celtic one, an important and influential decision.
		The town is served by Whitby railway station which forms the terminus of the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough, formerly the northern terminus of the Whitby, Pickering and York line.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whitby (1290 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Whitby Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		WHITBY, a parish in the wapentake and liberty of Whitby Strand; 22 miles from Guisborough, 20 from Scarborough, 31 from Stokesley, and 47 from York; in 54 deg.
		When the abbey of Whitby was in the zenith of its glory, the town was little more than a small fishing station, and so late as the year 1540, it did not consist of more than from twenty to thirty houses with a population not exceeding two hundred inhabitants.
		Whitby in a commercial view claims a superior rank among the minor ports, and as far as the opulence of her merchants and the extent of her ship building establishments are concerned she has some fair pretensions to aspire to the major class.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Whitby-Abbey (1325 words)

	Whitby Abbey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Whitby Abbey is a ruined Benedictine abbey sited on Whitby's East Cliff in North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England.
		In 664, the abbey was the site of the Synod of Whitby, at which the Northumbrian Celtic church was reconciled to Rome.
		In 867, the abbey fell to Viking attack, and was abandoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whitby_Abbey (338 words)

	Whitby Abbey at www.myshoppingarea.com - Looking for Great Remortgage Deals? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Whitby was the port that the cemetery of Whitby is next to the abbey, in a Renfield hill.
		End of Julio, Mine to gone to Whitby, in the coast of Yorkshire, to meet with Lucy Westenra in the cemetery of the abbey of Whitby on the cliff a monastery is habitation of monks.
		Monastery of Whitby adheres to the Roman catholicism (s?do of Whitby).
	www.myshoppingarea.com /Whitby-Abbey.html (1070 words)

	Whitby Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Whitby Abbey was founded in 657 AD by Saint Hilda.
		In 644, the abbey was the site of the Synod of Whitby, at which the Northumbrian Celtic church was reconciled to Rome.
		In 867, the abbey fell to Viking attack, and was abandoned until 1078, when it was re-founded by Reinferd.
	www.abacci.com /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=Whitby_Abbey (158 words)

	Whitby Abbey
		The abbey's influence decreased in the 9th century, and it was destroyed and looted in the bloody Viking raid of 867AD.
		In the late 11th Century a Norman knight came to Whitby and was inspired to rebuild the abbey, which continued as a place of monastic life until the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII.
		Whitby itself is steeped in folklore and legend, which, along with the abbey's foreboding ruins are said to have provided inspiration for Bram Stoker's gothic masterpiece Dracula.
	www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk /majorsites/aa/whitby_abbey.html (604 words)

	Abbey of Whitby
		These were confirmed and extended by Henry I, in whose reign the priory was raised to the rank of an abbey, but the abbot, though regarded as one of the spiritual barons of England, did not sit in Parliament.
		When the lesser religious houses had all been suppressed by Henry VIII and it became clear that the same fate awaited the larger ones, the Abbot of Whitby obtained permission to resign his office so that he might not be called upon to hand over the house to the king.
		The arms of the abbey, three snakes rolled up, are said to have their origin in the number of fossil ammonites found in the vicinity.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/w/whitby,abbey_of.html (599 words)

	Whitby Abbey and St Hilda
		No longer is Dark Age Whitby Abbey seen as a lonely, wind-swept religious community, but as a bustling settlement, a sophisticated modern town of its day, with a highly organised, complex structure.
		The abbey’s gaunt and moving remains have associations as diverse as Victorian jewellery, whaling and Count Dracula.
		Whitby Abbey was destroyed during a Viking invasion in AD867, but one of William the Conqueror’s knights revived it in the late 1070s.
	www.queensland.co.uk /abbey.html (1018 words)

	Whitby Hotels UK from Cheap Hotel Bookings.com
		Whitby, located on the northeast coast of England in North Yorkshire, is an ancient town steeped in history.
		Whitby Museum was built in 1823 and documents local history with a variety of displays and collections.
		Whitby boasts numerous shops as well as supermarkets and shopping centres, while the town is famous for its 'jet', ancient fossilised wood that has been carved into jewellery by local craftsmen for centuries.
	www.cheaphotelbookings.com /uk-hotels/whitby-hotels-1.htm (387 words)

	Whitby Abbey
		The ruins of Whitby Abbey, perched high on the East Cliff of the seaside town of Whitby, are visible from almost anywhere in town.
		Historically and religiously, Whitby Abbey has a lot to brag about: it was the home of a Saxon saint and a place of pilgrimage; it was the site of a 7th-century church council that set the date of Easter for Britain; and it was the setting for Bram Stoker's Dracula.
		The first abbey was founded in 657 by the formidable St Hilda, a princess of the Northumbrian royal house, whose Saxon name means "battle." Recent archaeological research undertaken by English Heritage suggests that it was once a bustling settlement as well as the burial place of monarchs.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /england/whitby-abbey.htm (692 words)

	English Abbeys - Whitby Abbey
		The cliffs at Whitby had been a popular area for communities to settle from as long ago as Roman times, but when St Hilda arrived here in AD657 the headland became one of the holiest places in the country.
		Although the abbey church was left relatively intact at that time, by the end of the 18th century the years of neglect had taken their toll on the structure.
		The nave collapsed, followed by the south transept and a substantial part of the west front, and then in the 1830s the central tower fell, and the choir was badly damaged in a storm.
	www.theheritagetrail.co.uk /abbeys/whitby%20abbey.htm (555 words)

	Whitby
		He chose the Abbey of Whitby - aware that this was governed by a formidable woman called Hilda and where a just and lasting outcome could be assured.
		The choice of her Abbey for the great Synod reflects the skill and learning of the people who lived and prayed there - and the respect that she had gained among the leaders of the day.
		Whitby could also be a place of pilgrimage for church musicians since it was here that the first person to write sacred music in one of the native tongues of these islands was born and died.
	www.wellsprings.org.uk /wellspring_of_pilgrimage/whitby.htm (928 words)

	GENUKI: Whitby Parish information from National Gazetteer 1868.
		After the Norman conquest the abbey was restored as a Benedictine priory by William de Percy, and at the Dissolution had a revenue of £437, at which time the town contained 40 houses.
		It is a station on the Whitby branch of the North-Eastern railway.
		The church was erected in 1137 by Nicholas, abbot of Whitby.
	www.genuki.org.uk:8080 /big/eng/YKS/NRY/Whitby/Whitby68.html (1532 words)

	Whitby Things to Do Tips by sandysmith - VirtualTourist.com
		Whitby was the most important whaling port in the north of England, during the late 18th and early 19th century and testimony to this is the huge whale jaw bones forming an arc on the west cliff.
		The vilking plundered the original Abbey in 870 and was rebuilt in the 11th century as a Benedictine Abbey.
		Whitby Abbey was one of the last to be dissolved -the end finally coming in December 1539 when the site passed to the Cholmley family.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/e376/49fc6/4 (925 words)

	GENUKI: Whitby History
		Owing to the northern aspect of the district and the rising of the land to a considerable distance into the country, the sun beams fall so obliquely on the town and its immediate vicinity, that its climate may be considered nearly on an equality with Shetland and the Orkneys.
		The ruins of this once famous abbey stand on a high cliff south-east of the town near the parish church, and the ascent to it from the town is by a flight of two hundred steps.
		Though both the Eske and the Ocean are at hand, and both of them ready to afford their contributions for the supply of man, the distance from and the rugged communication between this place and the large towns of the interior, preclude the possibility of fishing here to much advantage.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/eng/YKS/NRY/Whitby/WhitbyHistory.html (2832 words)

	Whitby Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Whitby, North Yorkshire On the path side of the abbey's clifftop graveyard is the cross of Caedmon, an illiterate labourer who worked at the abbey in the 7th century.
		Whitby Abbey- A Virtual Tour The massive rebuilding effort of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries eventually took its toll on the finances of Whitby.
		Whitby Abbey Perched dramatically on the cliff top, Whitby Abbey is a magnificent reminder of the early churchs power and dedication.
	www.home-buying-resource.com /directory/abbey/whitby-abbey.html (618 words)

	Europa Nostra
		Whitby Abbey Headland on the rugged North Yorkshire coast is one of the most beautiful areas in England.
		Despite its stature, the Whitby Abbey Headland had become the victim of piecemeal short-term development, having suffered from years of neglect that was threatening the surviving archaeological remains.
		The Whitby Abbey Headland Project has transformed this dramatic corner of North Yorkshire and provided an incentive for more people to visit this area and potentially benefit the local economy.
	www.europanostra.org /lang_en/awards_2002/whitby.html (549 words)

	Whitby, East Yorkshire Coast
		Further extensive damage to the Abbey was recorded in 1914 when German surface raiders slipped across the North Sea and bombarded the towns of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool.
		The old town of Whitby huddles at the foot of the church stairs.
		Whaling was an important industry in Whitby during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
	www.chromavision.co.uk /yt/whitby.htm (526 words)

	Whitby Abbey Headland Project, Southern Anglian Enclosure
		Excavation on the cemetery area began on May 19th this year, when topsoil was stripped from the southern half of Area 1, the northern half was left covered to protect the buried features and will be stripped later in the season.
		A small coin, called a sceatta, dating to c700-740, was recovered from the cemetery area during the evaluation in 1995, suggesting that the cemetery may date to the Anglian period, between the 7th and 9th cemeteries and may be associated with the earliest monastery on Whitby headland.
		The finds from the site are broken down into artefacts (that is anything made or used by humans, including pottery, ceramic building material, metalwork and clay pipe etc.) And ecofacts (that is natural materials, including animal bone, marine shell, seeds, insects, such as those recovered from the soil sampling, and indicative of the natural environment).
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /projects/whitby/wahpsae/update01/update01.htm (1090 words)

	Whitby - North Yorkshire
		Whitby is home of Bram Stoker, and Dracula, departure point for Captain Cook and a place of immense Yorkshire charm.
		Whitby Abbey is perched on top of a cliff overlooking the harbour.
		Whitby has a colourful harbour with lots of fishing boats.
	www.northyorks.com /whitby.htm (153 words)

	Whitby Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Abbey was founded in 657AD on the site of what may have previously been a Roman coastal fort.
		Whitby abbey was destroyed during a Viking invasion in 867 but one of William the Conqueror's knights revived it in the late 1070's.
		After its dissolution in 1538, Whitby Abbey passed to the Cholmley family.
	www.britishpanoramics.com /Landscape/ProofThree/Whitby.htm (62 words)

	The Whitby Graveyard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Mary's churchyard with the ruins of Whitby Abbey in the background.
		Mina describes the legend of a young nun who was walled up alive in the Abbey for breaking her vows of chastity and a corresponding legend of a "lady in white" who haunts the Abbey--a foreshadowing of Lucy's fate as the "undead" vampire.
		Reflecting the theme of duality that dominates the novel, Whitby is divided into the East Cliff, where the rough churchyard and haunted abbey are located, and the West Cliff, where fashionable hotels and the town market reside.
	www.olemiss.edu /courses/engl205/graveyard.html (161 words)

	Telegraph \| Property \| Making the grade: Whitby Abbey
		During the 19th century, the Abbey House was restored and remodelled, but the adjoining banqueting hall was demoted to serve as some sort of outhouse, its stately windows blocked up and a makeshift roof slapped on overhead.
		Meanwhile, Whitby slowly swelled from a quiet fishing village with a ruined abbey on a cliff above it into a must-see for the picturesque tourist of the late-18th century, and a fashionable venue for a rest-cure in the 19th.
		Up on the headland, the remains of the Abbey, and the nearby complex of buildings which includes the banqueting hall, are all listed Grade I and in the care of English Heritage - though some of the surrounding land still belongs to descendants of the Cholmleys.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /property/main.jhtml?xml=/property/2002/09/14/pabbey.xml (672 words)

	Whitby - Pictures and history of Whitby, Yorkshire
		Whitby is a coastal town on Yorkshire's east coast.
		The town's historical past is revealed in monuments that dominate Whitby's east and west headlands and the harbour.
		Mary's Church and Whitby Abbey are on the eastern headland and are visible through the whale arch in the picture sequence at the top of this page.
	www.beautifulbritain.co.uk /htm/outandabout/whitby.htm (728 words)

	Whitby Abbey, North Yorkshire, field evaluation of Whitby Headland
		In 1993-94, the route of the boundary of the 13th-century and later monastic precinct was established to the west of Abbey Lands Farm; a multiphase palimpsest of contemporary ridge and furrow survived south of the boundary, outside the precinct.
		The ditch and boulder wall boundary enclosed the area to the south of the later monastic precinct, and not the headland to the north.
		A further tranche of evaluation was undertaken during the winter within the curtilage of Abbey House, to the west of the Abbey to survey profiles through the existing terraces on the hillside, and to assess the stability of the foundations of the 17th-century Banqueting House.
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /ArchRev/rev95_6/whitby.htm (883 words)

	Internet Archaeol. 12 Ward: Whitby Abbey, English Heritage and Archaeology
		This review aims to describe a variety of activities that have taken place at Whitby Abbey since 1999 and consider some of the issues raised from these various activities, in particular issues of community learning, widening audiences and social inclusion.
		The abbey is open to the public throughout the year, and the various programmes have been funded mainly by English Heritage, which cares for Whitby Abbey.
		Groups from the Kirklees and Bradford schools worked with the community artists at Whitby Abbey, and in school used the form and design of elements of the abbey for inspiration, particularly developing window shapes for stained-glass windows incorporating knotwork and interlace designs.
	intarch.ac.uk /journal/issue12/reviews/ward.html (1903 words)

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