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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > White Australia Policy
		The White Australia policy was a system of both official and unofficial discrimination in Australian history, during which immigration policy and citizenship requirements were heavily biased to favour white European migrants, and more specifically Anglo-Saxon migrants over other races.
		The policy was openly endorsed by both the government and general society during the first half of the 20th century.
		The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to 1973, when a series of amendments prevented the enforcement of racial aspects of the immigration law.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/wh/White_Australia_Policy (765 words)

	White Australia policy - Definition, explanation
		The White Australia Policy, the policy of excluding all non white people from the Australian continent, was the official policy of all governments and all mainstream political parties in Australia from the 1890s to the 1950s, and elements of the policy survived until the 1970s.
		Another source of the policy was opposition to labourers from Melanesia (known pejoratively as "kanakas") in the sugar-cane fields of Queensland.
		The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to 1973, when the Whitlam Labor government implemented a series of amendments preventing the enforcement of racial aspects of the immigration law.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/w/wh/white_australia_policy.php (1365 words)

	Unionism and the White Australia Policy
		Australia developed strong unions largely because the slavery of the Convict system created an Exclusive class with little concern for workers.
		Although the moral arguments for a white Australia were extremely racist, it is unlikely that the unions, or the rest of Australia, really believed them.
		However, away from the emotional debate amongst modern-day white Australian historians, a Japanese researcher into the white Australia policy, Fujikawa Takao, has provided some objective insights into the motivations for the policy.
	www.convictcreations.com /history/whiteaustralia.htm (1272 words)

	White Australia Policy
		Itaccuses academic historians of using the immigration policy of the past to paint Australia in terms similar to South Africa under apartheid and Germany under the Nazis.
		Overall, the White Australia Policy had aspects that were both reactionary and progressive, discriminatory and humane.
		The final repudiation of the 'White Australia Policy' and the declaration of martial law in the Philippines in 1972 led to rapid growth in the Philippines-born population in Australia over the next two decades.
	www.lycos.com /info/white-australia-policy.html (408 words)

	[No title]
		The abolition of the White Australia Policy was a gradual process that took place over a period of 25 years.
		The most obvious result of the White Australia Policy is the prevailing European background of the vast majority of Australians.
		Australia must remain a predominantly white society as was the national will to Federation in 1901…;" He has said immigration is "cultural genocide." (1993).
	lycos.com /info/white-australia-policy--white-australians.html (401 words)

	White Australia policy
		The White Australia Policy, the policy of excluding all non-European people from the Australian continent, was the official policy of all governments and all mainstream political parties in Australia from the 1890s to the 1950s, and elements of the policy survived until the 1970s.
		Another source of the policy was opposition to the importation of labourers from Melanesia (known as "kanakas") to work in the sugar-cane fields of Queensland).
		The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to 1973, when a series of amendments prevented the enforcement of racial aspects of the immigration law.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/w/wh/white_australia_policy.html (1208 words)

	White Australia policy
		The White Australia Policy, the policy of excluding all non white people from the Australian continent, was the official policy of all governments and all mainstream political parties in Australia from the 1890s to the 1950s, and elements of the policy survived until the 1970s.
		Another source of the policy was opposition to labourers from Melanesia (known pejoratively as "kanakas") in the sugar-cane fields of Queensland.
		The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to 1973, when the Whitlam Labor government implemented a series of amendments preventing the enforcement of racial aspects of the immigration law.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/w/wh/white_australia_policy.html (1340 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/White Australia policy
		The White Australia Policy is the prevailing term used to describe a collection of racist legislation and policies, which were intended to restrict non-white immigration to Australia, and to promote white immigration, from 1830 to 1982.
		The key legislative enactment of the White Australia Policy was the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901.
		Discriminatory immigration policies were gradually removed between the end of World War II and 1982 with racially discriminatory aspects of the Migration Act officially overturned in 1973.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/White_Australia_Policy (2421 words)

	- Pacific Solution: A New White Australia Policy?
		Australia may be small fry in terms of world domination, but they have consistently played their part to the leaders in this field.
		Australia has continued to open its doors to Asians, Africans and others in the face of a wilfull refusal from the chattering classes to accept the facts of this open door.
		White people are the most minor in terms of population in the world, yet somehow, in the middle of a non-white section of the world, we manage to maintain the majority.
	www.newmatilda.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=829 (2991 words)

	Sidebar
		As the number of British prisoners declined in Australia, Australia was forced to import the labor needed to work in its mines because the declining number of prisoners.
		Australia requested that only white soldiers be sent for their protection, but the United States refused the request and sent only mixed racial troops.
		Australia Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs; Abolition of the White Australia Policy and Key Facts in Immigration 11/01/01
	maps.unomaha.edu /Peterson/funda/Sidebar/WhiteAustralia.html (1244 words)

	Racism. No Way.: Fact Sheets: The "White Australia" Policy
		The 'White Australia' policy describes Australia's approach to immigration, from federation until the latter part of the 20th century, which favoured applicants from certain countries.
		After a review of the non-European policy in March 1966, Immigration Minister Opperman announced applications for migration would be accepted from well-qualified people on the basis of their suitability as settlers, their ability to integrate readily and their possession of qualifications positively useful to Australia.
		The March 1966 announcement was the watershed in abolishing the 'White Australia' policy, and non-European migration began to increase.
	www.racismnoway.com.au /classroom/factsheets/59.html (977 words)

	White Australia policy - Ruskipedia
		The term "White Australia" emerged in the 1890's as an ideal to strengthen racial homogeneity and the overwhelmingly European character of the population.
		In contemporary Australian public and academic discourses, the term 'White Australia Policy' is commonly used to refer to the conception of Australia in ethno-nationalistic terms.
		Australia's official policy on racial diversity is: "to build on our success as a culturally diverse, accepting and open society, united through a shared future".Template:Cite web The White Australia Policy continues to be mentioned in modern contexts, although few politicians ever mention the policy, except when denouncing their opposition.
	www.russianinternetguide.com /russia/index.php/White_Australia_policy (2370 words)

	Immigration and the "White Australia" Policy
		It was maintained by some that the reason for the “White Australia” policy was economic and not racial and that the Labor Movement, because of its desire to maintain living standards, was chiefly responsible for its introduction.
		This policy of building up in Australia a “British race” and of “solidifying and strengthening the Empire,” which is the essence of “White Australia,” runs through the various statements of Governments of this country right down to the present day.
		Bruce, Prime Minister of Australia, in a statement on June 23, 1926, after describing the White Australia policy as “Fundamental and vital” to Australia, went on to say: “Australia was an undeveloped country, and economically the eyes of the world were upon it.
	www.agitprop.org.au /lefthistory/1945_dixon_immigration_and_the_white_australia_policy.php (5151 words)

	The White Australia Policy - Books - www.smh.com.au
		In 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia was inaugurated with an act of racial expulsion when the first federal government passed the Pacific Islands Labourers Act, to provide for the deportation of Islanders brought to labour in the sugar-cane fields of Queensland.
		"Australia is not, and never has been, the racist country its academic historians have condemned," he declares in the introduction to his new book, The White Australia Policy.
		Windschuttle's revisionist account of the white Australia policy is the latest instalment of a larger political undertaking: the project of redeeming Australia's national honour.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2004/12/22/1103391831142.html (1034 words)

	Countries/Australia/culture.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the 1980’s, Australia became painfully aware of the corruption and dereliction of duty that was prevalent in every sphere of public life.
		Australia ranked near the top of nations with a low tolerance for business corruption, and the country ranked ahead of the United States.
		Australia is a diverse community, with many inhabitants of foreign birth or heritage.
	www.pitt.edu /~ethics/Australia/culture.html (1506 words)

	Federation- the White Australia Policy
		Unions objected to non whites because most of them were indentured labourers recruited in their home country at wages a fraction of Australian market rates.
		Australia's humanity departments are almost 100 per cent white, and the lack of diversity shows with the poor quality of their work.
		As unpalatable as the White Australia Policy may seem today, it was a product of its time, and did address the problems of the era.
	www.convictcreations.com /history/federation.htm (1742 words)

	VDARE.com: Banned In Oz, Posted On VDARE.COM: Fraser’s “Rethinking the White Australia Policy” (With Comment By ...
		In their view, ethnic homogeneity was one of the great strengths of the Australian nation, one that ought to be preserved and not squandered or thrown away in pursuit of utopian visions of universal harmony in which lions could be re-educated to lie down with lambs [7].
		Unfortunately, Windschuttle's rehabilitation of the White Australia Policy is premised on a familiar, if pernicious, tenet of neo-conservatism: Like those who claim that the United States is a "creedal nation," [12] Windschuttle maintains that the operating premise of Australian society is the proposition that all people are equal in principle and in potential.
		In her first chapter, Tavan differs from Windschuttle on the reasons for the ascendancy of White Australia, insisting that racism and xenophobia were driving forces in the campaign to restrict non-white immigration.
	www.vdare.com /misc/050926_fraser.htm (7094 words)

	White Australia to Detention: restriction and racism, Don McMaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thus the racially motivated White Australia policy was born, initially focused on culling Chinese immigration, but later expanded to include immigrants from "all peoples whose presence was, in the opinion of Australians, injurious to the general welfare".
		Australia, after World War Two was still a British appendage and the influx of these new cultures from Europe and especially southern and eastern Europe was often treated in a hostile and racist manner.
		However, refugee policy is subordinate to immigration policy, in that immigration control overrides the obligations and objectives of refugee protection.
	www.carad-wa.org /library/mcmaster.htm (6004 words)

	From White Only to Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Australia has dramatically changed from being fearful towards foreigners and a racist country to becoming one of the world's most multicultural nations.
		The benchmark of Australia's racism was the The Immigration Restriction Act 1901, which became known colloquially as the ‘White Australia' policy.
		Australia has since come to understand the necessity for close relationships with the rest of the world and has finally accepted the fact that it is part of the Asian-Pacific region, being closer to Asian countries than any European nation.
	neovox.cortland.edu /oldsite/vox/vox_140/vox_140.html (596 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: South Sea Islander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This badge from 1906 shows the use of the expression White Australia at that time The White Australia policy is a generic term used to describe a collection of historical legislation and policies, intended to restrict non-white immigration to Australia, and to promote white immigration, from 1830 to 1973.
		These people were generally referred to as Kanakas, although many Islander descendants today regard the term as pejorative and an insulting reminder of their ancestors' exploitation at the hands of white planters.
		Of the 62,000 South Sea Islanders recruited the majority were repatriated by the Australian Government in the period between 1906-08 under the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 ([1]), legislation related to the White Australia Policy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/South-Sea-Islander (1437 words)

	White Australia Policy
		The White Australia Policy is a new contribution to the ‘History Wars’ by Keith Windschuttle, author of TheFabrication of Aboriginal History.
		Itaccuses academic historians of using the immigration policy of the past to paint Australia in terms similar to South Africa under apartheid and Germany under the Nazis.
		The truth, he argues, is that it was primarily a policy to prevent cheap indentured labour from undermining living conditions and dividing Australia along class and racial lines.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/white-australia-policy.html (632 words)

	Hot Words - "White Australia Policy"
		The main method prescribed by the legislation for the administration of the White Australia Policy was a dictation test of fifty words in length.
		The White Australia Policy discriminated against people according to their skin colour and was based on the assumption that someone with a “white” skin was superior to a person with a different skin colour.
		The policy is an example of overt discrimination, racism and xenophobia.
	www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au /hotwords/hottext.php?id=78 (276 words)

	Black Australia Policy - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		The Black Australia Policy was put forward by the Green party in the March of '06, sparking outrage from much of the community.
		The White Australia Policy was a policy based upon excluding all non-white people from immigrating to the Australian continent.
		White people visiting Australia to learn to be cool.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Black_Australia_Policy (329 words)

	The Sydney Line ~ Topics
		The White Australia Policy, address to the Sydney Institute, August 12 2005, in debate with Gwenda Tavan of La Trobe University
		White Australia and Sixties-Generation Historians, Lecture to NSW Higher School Certificate History Extension Conference, University of Sydney, June 1 2005
		Frank Devine, launch speech, The White Australia Policy and Washout: On the academic response to the fabrication of Aboriginal history, December 6 2004
	www.sydneyline.com /WhiteAustralia.htm (142 words)

	ZNet Commentary: Advance Australia Fair?
		Despite the fact that Australia’s official whites-only immigration policy was supposedly adjusted alongside its growing dependence on exports to Japan and other Asian markets decades ago, and thanks to the genocide of Indigenous Peoples, 92% of Australia’s population is white.
		From the genesis of the White Australia Policy, to its blocking the right of the federal court to review refugee review tribunal decisions to its support for the recent anti-refugee laws, its track record is little better.
		In September 2000, while “multicultural” Australia was being showcased at the Sydney Olympics we learnt that three Somali asylum seekers wrote to Australian immigration officers asking to be sent home to Somalia.
	www.zmag.org /Sustainers/content/2001-11/08choudry.cfm (1956 words)

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