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Topic: White Commonwealth

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	Commonwealth of Nations - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		As the Commonwealth grew, the United Kingdom and the pre-1945 Dominions (a term that was formally dropped in the 1940s) became informally known as the "Old Commonwealth", particularly in the 1960s onwards when some of them they differed with poorer, Afro-Asian members over various issues at Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings.
		Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has used the term frequently to allege that the Commonwealth's attempts to catalyse political changes in his country is motivated by racism and colonialist attitudes and that the White Commonwealth dominates the Commonwealth of Nations as a whole.
		Commonwealth membership was held to have lapsed until 1997, after racialist provisions in the republican constitution were repealed and reapplication for membership made.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/o/m/Commonwealth_of_Nations_38fc.html (3609 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		Old Commonwealth and White Commonwealth are informal terms used to describe the predominantly white members of the Commonwealth of Nations located in the developed world, specifically the United Kingdom and the realms of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
		Prior to leaving the Commonwealth in 1961, apartheid South Africa was usually thought of as a member of the "White Commonwealth" as it was under white rule.
		In recent years, the term White Commonwealth is usually used in a derogatory sense to imply that the wealthier, white nations of the Commonwealth had different interests and goals from the non-white, and particularly the African members.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=White_Commonwealth (209 words)

	USCA1 Opinion 01-1116
		White claims that he believed that his habeas claim had been put on hold pending exhaustion of state remedies and that, to that end, he filed a petition for rehearing, as well as later apparently a motion for a new trial, in state court.
		White relies again on the lack of a separate document setting forth the 1999 order to argue that his 14 month delay in seeking the appeal should be excused.
		White further argued that his failure to previously bring this information to the attention of the court should be excused by the fact that he had forgotten that he had filed the motion.
	www.ca1.uscourts.gov /cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=01-1116.01A (5364 words)

	Commonwealth of Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the Commonwealth, and as such is the symbol of the free association of its members.
		The Commonwealth is primarily an organisation in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction.
		Commonwealth countries are major stakeholders in the process and success of the Doha Development Agenda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations (4603 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| International \| Variety's the spice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Commonwealth has traditionally been a good forum for debating issues such as how best to contain the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa -- which is also spreading through Asian Commonwealth countries such as India; the debt crisis of developing countries; international trade relations; democratisation; political liberalisation; and the defence of human rights.
		Commonwealth leaders at the Abuja summit are expected to try to cobble together a compromise.
		At its inception, the Commonwealth was envisaged as a bridge between rich and poor, fl and white.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/667/in5.htm (757 words)

	PENNSYLVANIA v. LABRON 518 U.S. 938 -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez
		The Commonwealth's automobile exception jurisprudence appears to be interwoven with federal law, and the adequacy and independence of any possible state-law ground for the exception is not clear from the face of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's opinion.
		White, 543 Pa. 45, 669 A. 2d 896 (1995); 543 Pa. 86, 669 A. 2d 917 (1995).1 In each case, that court concluded that citizens of Pennsylvania are protected from warrantless searches and seizures of their automobiles absent exigent circumstances.
		White also asked whether the search would have been permissible as a search incident to an arrest, the dissent later noted that the only question presented in the appeal was whether "exigent circumstances" were necessary to permit a warrantless search of a car based on probable cause.
	supreme.justia.com /us/518/938/case.html (4026 words)

	Pennsylvania v. Labron, 518 U.S. 938 (1996)
		Notably, the Commonwealth has not asked this Court to review the Pennsylvania court's decision in White,even though the search in that case would be affirmed under the Commonwealth's and this Court's understanding of Pennsylvania's holding regarding exigent circumstances.
		In White, Justice Castille stated that he believed that "the automobile exception to the warrant requirements of this Commonwealth should be a per se rule regardless of how much time police may have to obtain a warrant," id.
		White, 669 A. 2d 896 (1995), also asked whether the search would have been permissible as a search incident to an arrest, the dissent later noted that the only question presented in the appeal was whether "exigent circumstances" were necessary to permit a warrantless search of a car based on probable cause.
	supct.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/95-1691.ZPC.html (3788 words)

	COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS : Encyclopedia Entry
		The Commonwealth of Nations (CN), usually known as The Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states all of which are former colonies of the United Kingdom, except for Mozambique and the United Kingdom itself.
		Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the Commonwealth, recognised by each state, and as such is the symbol of the free association of the organisation's members.
		Commonwealth membership was held to have lapsed until 1997, after racist provisions in the republican constitution were repealed and reapplication for membership made.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Commonwealth_of_Nations (4426 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news Commonwealth policy on Zim in tatters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Commonwealth policy towards Zimbabwe was in disarray on Monday after renegade President Robert Mugabe declared he was pulling his country out of the club of mostly former British colonies in disgust at its continued suspension.
		Commonwealth officials scrambled to downplay the damage the move inflicts on the organisation's credibility after it finally managed to eke out a compromise and agree Zimbabwe had not yet done enough to warrant a return to the international fold.
		Kibazo said he expected Commonwealth leaders would be tackling the crisis on Monday, the fourth and final day of their summit in the Nigerian capital Abuja.
	www.iafrica.com /pls/cms/iac.page?p_t1=2&p_t2=2&p_t3=0&p_t4=0&p_dynamic=Y&p_content_id=290397&p_site_id=2 (725 words)

	Commonwealth of Nations - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The Commonwealth is the successor of the British Empire; in 1884, while visiting Adelaide, South Australia, Lord Rosebery had described the changing British Empire, as its former colonies became more independent, as a "Commonwealth of Nations".
		The issue of republican status within the Commonwealth was only resolved in 1950 when it was agreed according to a formula proposed by Canadian Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent that India should remain a Commonwealth member despite adopting her present republican constitution.
		The Commonwealth has often been likened to an English gentlemen's club, and the issue of membership - who is and who is not a member of the organisation - often seems to be more important, and certainly attracts much more attention, than what the organisation actually does.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=70385 (2767 words)

	GLOBAL AFRICANA Sports, the Commonwealth in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is arguable that the Commonwealth and sports were the two major arenas of the struggle for racial equality in 20th Century Africa.
		Commonwealth priorities continued to be distorted until racism and White privilege in South Africa ended, in principle.
		That is, indeed, the dilemma of the Commonwealth.
	www.eastandard.net /hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=1143950718 (999 words)

	Infoline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Obasanjo said the "troika" - appointed by the Commonwealth to tackle Zimbabwe - was most concerned about the "humanitarian issues" arising from Mugabe's policy of throwing white farmers off their land and from a catastrophic drought that has brought millions to the brink of starvation.
		Commonwealth officials say Mr Mugabe had been prepared for talks on land reform, but was not prepared to be lectured on political reform and human rights.
		It is understood that the Commonwealth secretary-general Mr Don McKinnon, who is a former Foreign Minister of New Zealand, is said to have advised the Nigerians that the invitation would have to come from the Australian Prime Minister Mr John Howard in his capacity as the chairman of the Commonwealth through the grouping’s office.
	www.samara.co.zw /infoline/sep02/23_sep.htm (2632 words)

	Old Commonwealth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Commonwealth and White Commonwealth are informal terms used to describe the predominantly white members of the Commonwealth of Nations located in the developed world, specifically the United Kingdom and the dominions of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
		Prior to leaving the Commonwealth in 1961, apartheid South Africa was usually thought of as a member of the "White Commonwealth" as it was under white rule.
		In recent years, the term White Commonwealth is usually used in a derogatory sense to imply that the wealthier, white nations of the Commonwealth had different interests and goals from the non-white, and particularly the African members.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Commonwealth (222 words)

	Commonwealth Attorney's Office - Jefferson County Kentucky
		White received her license to practice law in the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 2005, and became an Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney in October 2005.
		White was a Crisis Counselor for Seven Counties Services for two years, and she attained the rank of Senior Social Worker for Louisville Metro Human Services where she was employed for almost three years.
		White is currently serving on the Emerging Leaders Board of the League of Women Voters, and she has served as a member of the LBA-Legal Aid Pro Bono Consortium.
	www.louisvilleprosecutor.com /general_trial_unit,_division_b.htm (1616 words)

	CRI Reports
		Commonwealth leaders have decided to extend the suspension on Zimbabwe's membership following heated debates at the ongoing Commonwealth summit in the Nigerian capital of Abuja.
		Reporter: Commonwealth Secretary-General Don McKinnon made the announcement at a press conference in the Nigerian capital as the summit draws to a close on Monday.
		Many African nations suspect the so-called "white" Commonwealth members' demands for democratic reforms in Zimbabwe are just a cover for protecting white farmers and their land and the excluding of Zimbabwe from the Commonwealth is a form of revenge for the country's land reforms.
	english.cri.cn /144/2003-12-8/67@67638.htm (346 words)

	[No title]
		In commissioning this white paper, the Commonwealth recognized that although the current processes may appear to work in certain jurisdictions, in many cases the current system(s)/methods of operation do not work for the Commonwealth as a whole.
		The “As Is” Process: Because a comprehensive analysis of all jurisdictions in the Commonwealth would have been beyond the scope of this effort, the Project Team analyzed the processes in use in a sample of jurisdictions in the Commonwealth, as well as in several other states and one large city.
		The Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office indicated it would be helpful if there were a database to track all warrants, but that it could only be effective if all the parties that issue warrants were to use the database and help keep it current.
	www.state.ky.us /agencies/ucjis/docs/warrantssummonsfinal.doc (16841 words)

	University of Massachusetts Boston Press Release
		White Cane Awareness Month, as designated by the Governor and the President is a public education campaign to support a wider range of community understanding of what a white cane means and how pedestrians and motorists can assist users of the long cane as well as dog guides at street crossings.
		WHITE SUPPORT CANE is designed to identify the person as legally blind and provide the person with support and balance most likely impacted by reduced visual acuity and resulting impairment in the person’s ability to see depth and detail.
		On White Cane Safety Day, we celebrate the many achievements of Americans who are blind or visually impaired, and we recognize the white cane as an important symbol of their determination and independence.
	www.umb.edu /news/2006news/releases/october/white_cane.html (652 words)

	White Cane Awareness
		The white cane is a symbol of independence and blindness.
		The Commonwealth's White Cane Law gives all legally blind persons the right of way at street crossings. Motorists must come to a complete stop when they see a pedestrian who is using a dog guide or white cane at a street crossing.
		WHITE SUPPORT CANE with red at the bottom, which is designed to identify the person as legally blind but has usable travel vision and is used to assist with depth perception on stairs or curbs.
	www.mass.gov /?pageID=eohhs2modulechunk&L=1&L0=Home&sid=Eeohhs2&b=terminalcontent&f=eohhs_mcb_white_cane_month_2005&csid=Eeohhs2 (518 words)

	ANC Today - Volume 2, No 10 8 March 2002
		Whereas the white Rhodesian Smith regime killed thousands of fl people, it was nevertheless less offensive and more acceptable than the elected Mugabe government, because all that it did, after all, was merely to kill fl people.
		The Chairperson of the meeting, a member of the "white Commonwealth", played an outstanding role in reconciling the views that were properly expressed by the members of the Commonwealth, who spoke without regard to their colour.
		The Commonwealth should be proud of the role played by its fl members, over a considerable period of time, to confront the challenges posed by the situation in Zimbabwe.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/anctoday/2002/at10.htm (2353 words)

	AEGiS-Reuters: Commonwealth Summit Ends Still Split Over Zimbabwe
		Zimbabwe dominated the summit, pitting fl Africa against the "old" white Commonwealth led by Britain, and its future in the group remains unresolved after leaders decided to take no action against the strife-torn African country until after this weekend's presidential election.
		The Commonwealth leaders said Pakistan would remain suspended until the return of a democratic government and that they would send observers to the October 2002 poll.
		The Commonwealth leaders, representing some 1.7 billion people and some of the world's poorest nations, called for the benefits of globalization to be shared in order to end poverty.
	www.aegis.com /news/re/2002/Re020306.html (862 words)

	Uncommon Club-Editorial-OPINION-The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		the recently-concluded commonwealth heads of government meeting at coolum in australia served little purpose other than to remind the 54 member countries of the increasing irrelevance of this forum.
		the divide over zimbabwe had the so-called white commonwealth â” mainly britain, australia, new zealand and canada â” pressing for punitive action against the country because of president robert mugabeâs allegedly intimidatory tactics to rig the elections in his country.
		as in the case of the non-aligned movement, the commonwealth members are no longer united by common objectives and interests.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow.asp?art_id=3800879 (549 words)

	[No title]
		Mr Mugabe accuses the white Commonwealth of pursuing a vendetta because of his seizure of white-owned farms for redistribution to loyalists of his Zanu PF party.
		The Commonwealth, whose members are mostly former British colonies, suspended Zimbabwe last year after Mugabe claimed victory in an election that both the opposition and Western groups said was rigged.
		Chiwenga and his wife Jocelyn were also at the centre of a row last year when a white commercial farmer accused them of illegally seizing his farm during a government-sanctioned land grab and selling horticultural produce from the property to a British supermarket chain.
	www.zwnews.com /ZD1129.doc (2919 words)

	Whites, Africans split over Zimbabwe -DAWN - International; December 6, 2003
		ABUJA, Dec 5: Commonwealth leaders attempted to sidestep the burning issue of Zimbabwe’s suspension on Friday but the dispute between African nations and the so-called “white Commonwealth” overshadowed the first day of their summit.
		Summit host President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria proposed setting up an ad-hoc committee of six Commonwealth members to discuss the issue on the sidelines of the summit as Zimbabwe’s isolated leader Robert Mugabe threatened again to quit the international body.
		Zimbabwe, mired in deep political and economic woes and threatened with famine, was suspended from the Commonwealth in March last year after Mugabe was re-elected in a poll marred by violence and fraud.
	www.dawn.com /2003/12/06/int9.htm (335 words)

	White Hugh Lawson: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		White, in protest, ran (1836) for the presidency as a Whig party candidate and secured the electoral votes of Tennessee and Georgia.
		The media wrongly alleged that she was reintroducing the White Commonwealth the name given to a group of journalists who had privileged access to Prime Minister Harold Wilson and whose existence...
		White, in protest, ran (1836) for the presidency as a Whig party candidate and...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/white_hugh_lawson.jsp (1546 words)

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