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Topic: White Huns

	Huns - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hun is a term that refers to a specific group of Central Asian nomadic tribes, who appear in Europe in the 4th century.
		In the Völsunga saga and the Nibelungenlied, king Attila (Atli in Norse and Etzel in German) defeat the Frankish king Sigebert I (Sigurðr or Siegfried) and the Burgundian king Guntram I (Gunnar or Gunther), but is subsequently assassinated by Queen Fredegund (Gudrun or Kriemhild), the sister of the latter and wife of the former.
		This speech, wherein Wilhelm invoked the memory of the 5th-century Huns, coupled with the Pickelhaube or spiked helmet worn by German forces until 1916, that was reminiscent of ancient Hun (and Hungarian) helmets, gave rise to the later derogatory English usage of the latter term for their German enemy during World War I.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Huns (1172 words)

	AllRefer.com - White Huns (Peoples (except New World)) - Encyclopedia
		White Huns or Hephthalites[hef´thulIts´´] Pronunciation Key, people of obscure origins, possibly of Tibetan or Turkish stock.
		The White Huns were an agricultural people with a developed set of laws.
		Although in Persia they had little effect, in India the White Huns influenced society by altering the caste system and disrupting the hierarchy of the ruling families.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/WhiteHun.html (324 words)

	Huns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Their Xiong (匈;) rulers, first mentioned as a family in 1766 BC in the story of Chunwei and the fall of the Xia dynasty, may be the ancestors of the later, better-known (to western scholars) Huns, though not all scholars agree.
		A group called the European Huns and led by Attila the Hun is considered, with little certainty, to be the western extension of the royal Xiong family centered around Karaganda.
		With the exception of the 43-118 AD "North-South" feud, the Hun dynasty survived as a fairly tightly-knit political power until the 4th C when the NU(奴) tribes decisively threw off the yoke of the Xiong dynasty.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/hu/huns.html (1307 words)

	White Hun rule of Pakistan
		Coming back to the Hun invasion it may be mentioned that this was also, like that of the Sakas, one of the greatest migrations of Central Asian nomadic tribes in the history of Pakistan and the sub-continent.
		The particular branch of the Huns which was encamped in the Oxus Valley and which came to Pakistan was known as Epthalite or White Huns.
		The mass immigration of Huns and Gurjaras extending over the 5th and the 6th centuries constitutes a turning point in the history of Pakistan and of northern India both politically and socially.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/whitehuns.html (637 words)

	AllRefer.com - Huns (Peoples (except New World)) - Encyclopedia
		Huns, nomadic and pastoral people of unknown ethnological affinities who originated in N central Asia, appeared in Europe in the 4th cent.
		Despite the similarity of their tactics and habits with those of the White Huns, the Magyars, the Mongols, and the Turks, their connection with those peoples is either tenuous or : in the case of the Magyars and the Turks : unfounded.
		Their later movements are little known; some believe that the White Huns were remnants of the Hunnic people.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Huns.html (475 words)

	more about the Huns
		The Hunin (White Huns) were unable to develop resistance (immunity) to many contagious viral and bacterial diseases that the Mongoloid origin carried and lived with.
		Venice itself was built on wetlands because of hiding from the white Huns with the looted treasure from the ancient catacombs.
		(Hun) blended in with the Munin (Rácians), merging the remanence of the two ancient nations became the 'Székely' in Erdély (Transylvania) not related to the Magyar nor to the Romanian and Bulgarian.
	www.schonwalder.org /Such-n-Such/more_about_the_huns.htm (2808 words)

	HUNS - LoveToKnow Article on HUNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		HistoryThe authentic history of the Huns in Europe practically begins about the year A.D. 372, when under a leader named Balamir (or, according to some MSS., Balamber) they began a westward movement from their settlements in the steppes lying to the north of the Caspian.
		The latter entrenched himself on the frontier which had separated him from the Ostrogoths, behind the Greutungrampart and the Dniester; but he was surprised by the enemy, who forded the river in the night, fell suddenly upon his camp, and compelled him to abandon his position.
		In some instances, in fact, the Huns lent their aid to the Romans against third parties; thus in 404405 certain Hunnic tribes, under a chief or king named Uldin, assisted Honorius in the struggle with Radagaisus (Ratigar) and his Ostrogoths, and took a prominent part in the decisive battle fought in the neighborhood of Florence.
	45.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HU/HUNS.htm (2775 words)

	White Huns Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Hephthalites, also known as White Huns, were a nomadic people who lived across northern China, Central Asia, and northern India in the fourth through sixth centuries.
		As a group they appear to be distinct from the Huns who migrated to Europe in the Fourth Century A.D. Map showing the extent of regions under Hephthalite dominion, c.
		Procopius called them "White Huns" while Simokattes calls them Uar (reminicient of their own self designation) and identifies them as the "real" Avars of the east and the true political force behind what he calls the "pseudo" Avars who eventually settled down in Transylvania.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/White_Huns (1282 words)

	Turk & Uygur (UIGUR, UIGHUIR, UIGUIR, and WEIWUER) -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- ...
		The Turkish website said proudly that their ancestors comprised of Huns and the White Huns, and the Uygur nationalists had further provided two lineages of eastern and western Hunnic kings to support their claim of Hunnic heritage, in direct competition with the Mongols who celebrated the 2000th anniversary of first Hunnic empire in 1991.
		Ruruans, Ephthalites (White Huns) and Avars: The Ruruans are the successors to the Huns.
		The timing of the Hun migration to Europe in AD 370 and the White Hun in AD 440 to Transoxiana, Bactria, Khurasan, and eastern Persia is pretty close; however, the directions of movement are not the same.
	www.uglychinese.org /uygur.htm (14217 words)

	Hun & Huns -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		As to the so-called Western Huns, they, in the second half of the 4th Century, attacked the Alans between the Volga and the Don Rivers, went on to conquer the Ostrogoths and drive the Visigoths westwards, triggering the chain reaction that led to the demise of the Roman Empire.
		The Huns are a group of people who constantly preyed on the Chinese to the south, the tribal states in western China and the Asia Minor, and the Eastern Hu nomads to the east.
		Huns and Chinese traded with each other at the foot of the Great Wall till a Han emissary from Mayi city was dispatched to the Huns for setting up a trap to ambush the Huns.
	www.uglychinese.org /hun.htm (14593 words)

	EPHTHALITES - LoveToKnow Article on EPHTHALITES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Greek monk Cosmas Indic~pleustes, who visited India about 530, describes the ruler of the country, whom he calls Gollas, as a White Hun king, who exacted an oppressive tribute with the help of a large army of cavalry and war elephants.
		Procopius says that they were far more civilized than the Huns of Attila, and the Turkish ambassador who was received by Justin is said to have described them as cicrTLKoL, which may merely mean that they lived in the cities which they conquered.
		Franke, Beitrage aus chinesischen Quellen zur Kenntnis der Trkvlker und Skythen (1904); Ujfalvy, Mmoire sur les Huns Blancs (1898); Drouin, Mmoire sur les Huns Ephthalites (1895); and various articles by Vincent Smith, Specht, Drouin, and E. Parker in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Journal asiatique, Revue numismatique, Asiatic Quarterly, andc.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EP/EPHTHALITES.htm (1168 words)

	O. Maenchen-Helfen - The Language of the Huns - 1
		Attila's scribes were not Huns but Romans: the Gaul Constantius, [2] an Italian by the same name, [3] the Pannonian Orestes, [4] and Rusticus from Upper Moesia.
		During his stay with the Huns, and perhaps also before, he learned enough Hunnish and Gothic to be able to distinguish between them at least by their sound.
		In one instance we are explicitly told that the Kutrigur and Utigur, called Huns by Procopius, [16] Agathias, [17] and Menander, [18] were of the same stock, dressed in the same way, and had the same language.
	www.kroraina.com /huns/mh/mh_1.html (1272 words)

	Who were the Huns? - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Huns are an interesting people, but little can be proven of their origins.
		The Huns more than likely were not White in the European sense, but they did mix with Germanic tribes such as the Gepids and adopted Germanic culture.
		It's hard to say if their related to the Huns being as there is no concrete evidence for who the Huns really were.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=98305 (1019 words)

	Royalty.nu - The Hun Empire - Attila the Hun
		The vast migrations of refugees fleeing the Huns hastened the fall of the Roman Empire.
		A history of the Huns in Europe from their first attacks on the Goths north of the Black Sea to the collapse of their empire after the death of Attila.
		Explores the tensions between the Chinese empire and the nomadic Hsiung-nu (Hun) empire in the first millennium B.C. Mongols, Huns, and Vikings by Hugh Kennedy and John Keegan.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Hun.html (2088 words)

	Articles - Huns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In some older literature it is sometimes asserted that the Huns are related to the Xiongnu, a nomadic group found in what is now Mongolia during the Han dynasty.
		Huns did not make a sudden appearance in Europe in the Fourth Century AD, but their affairs were of no concern to Europe until the Romans invited them to settle Pannonia in 361.
		Under the leadership of Attila the Hun, these tribespeople achieved superiority over their rivals (most of them highly cultured) by their state of military readiness, high mobility, and weapons like the Hun bow.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Huns (966 words)

	Hephthalites / White Huns
		They are also known as the White Huns, different from the Hun who led by Attila invading the Roman Empire.
		A Western student's first encounter with the mysterious Ephthalites, or Hephthalites, or White Huns of Central Asia, is probably via the writings of Procopius, that contemporary of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian and fierce polemicist against his sovereign and the Empress Theodora.
		To the Chinese, they were the Ye-ti-i-li-do or Yeda, even though the Chinese chroniclers seem to realize that the people called themselves the people of Hua (the similarity to Hun may help explain the origin of "White Hun") and that the Chinese terms came actually from the name of the Hua leader.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/hephthalites.html (2784 words)

	Huns
		The Huns appear officially in history only when their hordes coming from the east reach the Roman Empire and in a very short time they conquer most of Europe.
		The Hun tribes were the heirs of the Scythians by culture and consanguinity.
		The Turul is the symbol of both the house of Attila the Hun and the Magyar dynasty of Árpád.
	www.imninalu.net /Huns.htm (4922 words)

	Untitled
		This was not the case with the white Huns at all.
		These were the white Huns which were Caucasian and fair skinned rather than racially mixed in origin who according to some were a branch of the southern Ugrians.
		Having crushed the Sabiri, the Avars raided the country of the Utiguri (huns), on the eastern shores of the Sea of Azov in 560.
	users.cwnet.com /millenia/1000ad.htm (11282 words)

	The huns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Or the Ephthalites or Epthalites or Hephtal or Hunas or White Huns or Hayathelites the 'White Huns', most of whom were probably not white nor huns.
		The earliest systematic description of the Huns is that given by the As warriors the Huns inspired almost unparalleled fear throughout Europe.
		The Huns, or Mongols, were a Turkish-speaking nomadic people who had moved from war confederation, called the Juan-juan drove the Huns westwards.
	aliveinfo.com /?q=the-huns. (978 words)

	TürkicWorld - White Huns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the Russian and West-European historical science the Ephtalites, in defiance of the fact that they are White Huns, are considered to be Iranian-lingual.
		That k'u in the ethnonym of the K'uchak/Kypchak (K'uman) has a meaning ‘white, reddish, blond-haired’, is also evidenced by the white (yellow) and non-white (not yellow) peoples we observe among the multitude of the Türkic peoples.
		So, the White Huns, who were also called Ephtalites, in the 5th-6th centuries have formed their state in the Middle Asia territory, Afghanistan, Northwestern India and a part of the Eastern Turkestan.
	sophistikatedkids.com /turkic/23Avars/AvarEthnonymEn.htm (1491 words)

	Gandhara
		Their rule, however, was interrupted by the invasion of the Persian King Shapur I in AD 242, and the Buddhist civilization of Gandhara was finally completely destroyed by the White Huns, the Hephthalites, in the sixth century.
		Little is known about this time period except from Chinese pilgrims who as early as the fifth century AD undertook the long and arduous journey to the Holy Land of Buddhism.
		A few years later he reported that the Huns had virtually expiated Buddhism, had destroyed monasteries and had slashed most of the population in Gandhara.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/gandhara.shtml (1480 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Later Huns, Avars and Early Bulgars
		The Huns split in two groups, the more powerful KUTRIGUR HUNS, controlling the steppe from Valachia, Moldavia across the lower Dnjepr, Dnjestr, Don to the lower Volga, the UTIGUR HUNS in the area to the north of the Caucasus, the SABIRIAN HUNS in the steppe east of Volga and Ural.
		In the middle of the 6th century, some Mongolian and White Hun peoples were driven out of the steppe East of the Ural by the Turks.
		Like Attila's Hun Khanate before, the Avar Khanate was a state ruled by a steppe people which imposed their rule upon many subject peoples.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/russia/avarbulg.html (371 words)

	[No title]
		The Austin Huns Rugby Football Club was founded in 1972 as a result of the second side of the Austin Rugby Club breaking away in order to establish their own team.
		The Huns' Bloodfest 7s Tournament is the premier sevens tourney in Texas, and was the first ever Western RFU Super-Regional Qualifier.
		Huns come from all walks of life and all parts of the world as well.
	dwp.bigplanet.com /twobullspsr/rugby (514 words)

	Attila and the Huns... - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I just wanted to know what your thoughts are about the Huns.
		Attila AKA as Etzel, was the leader of the Huns when they invaded Germany and Austria from centeral Asia.
		I don't know alot about the Huns but I am verry intrested in the subject because we Atilla and I share the same name, Etzel.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=109912 (194 words)

	Uar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		According to Theophylaktos Simokattes, Uar, along with the Hunnoi, are the names associated with the two biggest tribes of "Procopius's White Huns".
		They were called Varkhon or Varkunites (Ouarkhonitai) by Menander, perhaps inspired by the name of the God Vulcan, and settled Europe in the Balkans and Pannonia.
		According to Theophylaktos Simokattes though the White Huns were initially composed of two nations, the Uar and the Hion tribes, they were also joined near the end of the 6th century by the Zabender, Tarnach and Kotzagerek Huns.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/U/Uar.htm (296 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The White Stag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To find their promised land, the Huns go on a years long rampage of pillaging and murder in the hopes of finding their own place to live.
		When Bendeguz, father of Attila, decides that maybe the Huns should settle down in a rather nice land they've come to own and not go about slaughtering the innocent, he is berated soundly by the blind seer Damos.
		Before you read this book you think of the Huns as people set on killing, but when you read this book you feel the Huns actually had personalities and reasons for doing what they did.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0670763756?v=glance (1472 words)

	Islam In Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was common practice on he steppe for larger tribes to absorb smaller ones in their path, a common lifestyle overriding any ethnic or lingual differences.
		On balance t would seem that the White Huns were a hybrid of central Asian peoples with a large Indo-Aryan element, and at the same time were quite different from, and more fearsome than, invaders from that direction who had come before.
		Despite their initial assault on Buddhist structures, which they may have mistaken as strongholds or vague threats to their rule, the White Huns turned out to be tolerant of other religions, just as most shamanistic peoples from the steppe had proven after encountering civilized peoples for the first time.
	home.comcast.net /~gaj_c/IslamInAsia01.htm (3417 words)

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