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Topic: White Karelia

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	Viena expedition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Viena expedition was a military expedition by Finnish volunteer forces to liberate White Karelia (or Vienan Karjala in Finnish) from the Bolsheviks in March 1918.
		Malm was unable to occupy the town and retreated to Uhtua and began defending western White Karelia.
		The British forces withdrew in October 1919 and the situation of the Russian White Army collapsed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viena_expedition (600 words)

	Karelia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Karelia streches from the White Sea coast to the Gulf of Finland.
		Tver Karelia denotes the villages in the Tver Oblast that are inhabited by Karelians.
		The dialect spoken mainly in South Karelia is one of the southeastern dialects of Finnish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karelia (829 words)

	Karelia - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A glaciated plateau, Karelia is covered by over 60,000 lakes and by coniferous forests; fishing and lumbering are major industries.
		Karelia, properly speaking the region N and E of Lake Onega, was conquered in the 12th-13th cent.
		Karelia reverted to the status of an autonomous republic in 1956.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-karelia.html (584 words)

	Many Karelias — Virtual Finland
		The loss of Karelia to the Soviet Union marked the end of over a thousand years of Finnish settlement in the area, as the inhabitants of the ceded areas — approximately 407,000 souls — were evacuated further west during the fighting in the Winter War.
		The predominantly agricultural and forestry-based economy of North Karelia went through dramatic restructuring in the 1960s and 1970s in particular, and the region suffered a considerable drain of population to the urban centres in the south of the country and across the Gulf of Bothnia in Sweden.
		Karelian settlement in pre-revolutionary Russian Karelia was divided between the provinces of Archangel in the north and Olonets in the south.
	virtual.finland.fi /netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25907 (3290 words)

	Nordic Travel. Karelia :: Sights and Maps - The White Sea
		The White Sea lies in the northern part of Russia, between 32 and 44 East and 63 47` and 68 4` North.
		The whirlpool of the Sea is situated between the Kola and the Kanin Peninsulas, and connected with the Barents Sea.
		The biggest town and port in the area of the White Sea is Arkhangelsk, located on the shore of the Dvina River 20 km of the Sea (Dvina Bay).
	nordictravel.ru /page/whitesea.html (488 words)

	AllRefer.com - Karelia (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The republic is crossed by the Murmansk RR and by the Baltic–White Sea Canal, which is both commercially and strategically important.
		Karelia, properly speaking the region N and E of Lake Onega, was conquered in the 12th–13th cent.
		In 1920 an autonomous oblast, known as the Karelian Workers' Commune, was set up in E Karelia; in 1923 it was made into the Karelian Autonomous SSR, which, after the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939–40, incorporated most of the territory ceded by Finland to the USSR.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Karelia.html (550 words)

	East Karelia, 1918-1922
		Karelia is the area between Finland and Russia.
		However, autonomous East Karelia is just a small part of Russian Karelia, known as White Sea Karelia, or in other words, the area between the White Sea and the Finnish border.
		In July 1919 a conference of delegates from White Sea Karelian parishes met in Uhtua and appointed an East Karelian Committee that acted as a provisional government of East Karelia.
	www.atlasgeo.net /fotw/flags/ru-12h.html (1092 words)

	History of Karelia and Helulia village
		Mentions of Viking campaigns to Karelia at this period are also found in the Scandinavian sagas.
		In the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible the prosperity of Karelia land went on for a while, but later, due to tax increases poverty and desolation came.
		Ladoga area was conquered by the whites and Vyborg became the headquarters for the reds.
	helyla.onego.ru /history_eng.html (6326 words)

	Karelian Journal
		Karelia’s "blue highway" offers a glimpse of the nation I grew up regarding as the home of my enemy.
		The two most often cited for Karelia are the agnostic, democratic socialism that holds sway in the rest of Scandinavia, and the mean-spirited autocratic capitalism that currently drives the Russian Mafia.
		On that note, one might imagine the old totemic shamans smiling down on Karelia from their high perch in the golden land, then raising cups to toast the successful delivery of their message after all these years.
	www.helsinki.fi /~lauhakan/whale/intersp/pages/karelia.html (5439 words)

	Russia Region In - Karelia
		Karelia borders Finland in the West, Leningrad and Vologda districts in the South, and the Murmansk and Archangelsk districts in the East.
		Collections of labyrinths and seids have been discovered in Karelia in the Kuzova Archipelago in the White Sea, along the sea route from Kem' to Solovetsky, the Solovetsky Archipelago itself, the the mountains of Kivakka and Nuoronen in the area of Paanajarvi and near Vottovaara mountain in Muezersky region.
		The territory of Karelia began being inhabited after the Ice Age ended in this area, about 8000 years B.C.E. By the beginning of the 9th century there was already permanent settlement in Karelia, and the Karelians themselves had become established as one of the tribes of Finland.
	members.aol.com /imershein/Page6g.html (4319 words)

	Phyto-oestrogen content and oestrogenic effect of white clover
		As there are few reports on the phyto-oestrogen content of white clover in Finland, the content and the biological effect of isoflavones (daidzein, formononetin, genistein, biochanin-A) and coumarine (coumestrol) was determined at different growing stages of white clover.
		White clover varieties (Undrom and Sandra from Sweden, Jögeva 4 from Estonia and Tammisto from Finland) were sampled at the South Savo Research Station (61°40'N), Undrom also at the Karelia (62°14'N), Kainuu (64°06'N) and North Ostrobothnia (64°40'N) Research Stations in 1991.
		Samples were cut twice from the spring growth: at the pasture stage of rapid growth and at the silage stage in the beginning of flowering; once from the first aftermath in full blossom; and once from the second aftermath during declined growth rate.
	www.fao.org /docrep/V2350E/v2350e0e.htm (858 words)

	FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: ARMOURED TRAINS 1.3
		The White unit which ambushed the trains had much less men than what the Reds and the Russians had in these trains, but it succeeded fooling them to think that it was much larger than it actually was and then retreated safely.
		The Whites were very close loosing the battle in Hannila when their "Antrea armoured train" arrived to rescue and saved them.
		White flags started to appear as the survivors of this crowd lost their illusions of being able to escape and they surrendered at dawn.
	www.jaegerplatoon.net /TRAINS4.htm (6266 words)

	Wild Russia Adventures: the Caucasus, Altai, Kamchatka and beyond.
		Karelia is the land to the north from St.Petersburg between Finland and the White Sea.
		On the way to Karelia is so called Karelian Isthmus, which stratches between the Gulf of Finland and Ladoga Lake to the north from St.Petersburg.
		One is "White Nights of Vuoksa", which occurs in the end of June for 3 days and brings hundreds crazy kayakers from Russia and Finland to get a challenge in White Water slalom competitions at the "Losevo" rapid.
	www.wildrussia.spb.ru /WR/karelia.html (1060 words)

	BJARM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This Greater Karelia was called Bjarm, which is a Viking name derived possibly from the Finnish Perämaa, (hinterland) which also gave Perm its name.
		Moscow consolidated its gains in Karelia by establishing the Solovetskii Monastery on an island in the White Sea.
		This activity broke the aforementioned treaty in which the construction of new fortifications was forbidden in Karelia.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/karelia/bjarm.html (1757 words)

	Karelia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Karelia is a wonderful country of blue lakes, waterfalls, hillocks and barren rock.
		Karelia is a unique museum of peasant culture, where epical poetry and traditional ceremony are cherished.
		The White Sea, one of the most beautiful seas in terms of virgin nature and rich, original fauna.
	karelia.in-russia.com (437 words)

	The Nordic Reservoir - Scandinavia
		A war with Russia which ended in 1617, saw Gustav II obtain for Sweden the lands of eastern Karelia and Ingria; a war with Poland from 1621 to 1629, saw Sweden annex all of Livonia and in 1630, Gustav entered the Christian Thirty Year's War on the side of the Protestants in Germany.
		Mixing with Whites has produced a wide variety of physical types amongst the Lapps, as can be seen in the picture, above left, of a modern Lapp woman in traditional dress.
		She is to all intents indistinguishable from other White Scandinavians, in stark contrast to many other Lapps.
	www.white-history.com /hwr24.htm (4970 words)

	Pravapis.org - Belarusian language - White Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The chronicle of the White Russia: an essay on the history of one geographical name.
		Belarus (or "Byelorussia", in word for word translation, the White Russia) may be absolutely new entity on the map of Europe, but its name is at least 750 years old.
		The white Sarmatia was all that part that lieth towards the north and on the side of Livonia – as the provinces now called Dvina, Vaga, Ustiug, Vologda, Kargopol, Novgorod, etc. – whereof Novgorod Velikii was the metropolis or chief city.
	www.pravapis.org /art_white_russia.asp (671 words)

	East Karelia (Russia), 1918-1930 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		However, autonomous East Karelia [both current and soviet] is just a small part of Russian Karelia, known as White Sea Karelia, or in other words, the area between the White Sea and the Finnish border.
		The area to the south of White Sea Karelia, between lakes Onega and Lagoda, is known as Aunus Karelia, named after the town with the Finnish name Aunus (in Russian: Olonets).
		This is Tver Karelia, named after the Russian city of Tver.
	www.fotw.us /flags/ru-kr_h.html (390 words)

	Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The independence was approved by Bolshevist Russia but the civil wars that followed in Russia and in Finland and activist expeditions (see Heimosodat), including the ones to White Karelia and Aunus, complicated relations.
		The Civil War was fought between "the whites," who gained support from Imperial Germany, and "the reds," supported by Bolshevist Russia.
		Finland ceded most of Finnish Karelia, Salla, and Petsamo, which amounted to 10% of land area, 20% of industrial capacity and 400,000 evacuees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finland (5801 words)

	PKC Breed Standards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		White may be found on the muzzle and the head, on the neck, chest, belly and tail.
		The dog may not be more than 80 % white in total, less than 50 % white is preferred.
		The karelian bear dog, famous for its sharp temperament, is believed to originate from the so-called Komi dog, also known as the dog of the Zyrians.
	petzkennelclub.co.uk /standards/standards_breed.php?nick=karelian (334 words)

	Karelia 1997
		We had a three-day symposium there on White Sea Biology; this was billed as international, but was entirely in Russian, a language I greatly admire, but do not understand at all.
		White Wagtails Motacilla alba were very common in the station's clearings; I found this to be the most conspicuous bird of my visit, with large numbers everywhere along roads, in villages and in town.
		As in many places in Karelia, the meadows were full of colourful flowers, but this is the wrong list for those.
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/tripreports/Karelia97.html (1496 words)

	Nordic FAQ - 4 of 7 - FINLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Finnish military rule in White Sea Karelia during the Continuation War meant the erection of concentration camps, and the internment and eventual death of many Russians, communists, and other "undesirables", a large number of them children.
		Particularly in Karelia it is known (or sooner: believed) to have existed Viking trading posts, which became assimilated or alienated to the original Viking culture in Novgorod, Uppland, Gotland or wherever they had come from.
		Eventually, the White side defeats the Red, aided by volunteering officers from Sweden (8,000 man) and Norway (700 man), Finnish officers from the Czar's army, the Finnish officers educated in Germany and additionally also military support from Germany.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/nordic-faq/part4_FINLAND (17049 words)

	MANNERHEIM - War of Independence - Eastern Karelia
		The idea of incorporating Eastern Karelia to Finland became more intense during the tribal war expeditions in 1918-1922, and afterwards when Akateeminen Karjala Seura (Academic Karjala Association), which was founded by graduates, and other similar organizations supporting tribal ideas were rather powerful.
		At the initial stages of the Continuation War the incorporation of Eastern Karelia was quite openly discussed, and 10 July, 1941, Mannerheim issued an Order of the Day, in which White Karelia and Aunus were again conspicuously presented.
		In autumn 1941 the Finnish troops occupied a considerable part of Eastern Karelia, and the military administration of Eastern Karelia was established there by order of the Commander-in-Chief.
	www.mannerheim.fi /06_vsota/e_itakar.htm (715 words)

	Karelia - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Karelia, autonomous republic, north-western Russia, bordering on Finland to the west, the White Sea to the east, the Kandalaksha Gulf and Murmansk...
		Gulag prisons were originally centred in Karelia along the White Sea coast and in Vorkuta and Pechora in the Arctic regions of European Russia.
		At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Finland declared its neutrality.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Karelia.html (95 words)

	Search Results for "Karelia"
		It rises SE of Kuusamo, Finland, and flows E into the White Sea....
		Vygozero, lake, c.300 sq mi (780 sq km), NW European Russia, in Karelia, between Lake Onega and the White Sea.
		Onezhskoye Ozero, lake, c.3,800 sq mi (9,800 sq km), NW European Russia, in Karelia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Karelia (260 words)

	Karelia Hosts International Cultural Marathon Devoted to Kalevala Epic - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On Friday, Karelia hosted the opening of the international cultural marathon devoted to the anniversary of the publication of the famous Karelian-Finnish epic "Kalevala".
		During two weeks, Karelia will be hosting the "Rohkei Tutte" /Smart Girl/ youth festival, the Veps Beauty competition, and a scientific-practical seminar on the problems of studying the epic, the Karelian Culture Ministry's press service reported.
		Along with the Karelian ministries and public organisations, the Juminkeko cultural fund of the Finnish city of Kuhmo took part in the organisation of the festival.
	english.pravda.ru /culture/2003/02/28/43844_.html (429 words)

	BJARM
		This Greater Karelia was called Bjarm, which is a Viking name derived possibly from the Finnish word Perämaa, (hinterland) which also gave Perm its name.
		Having established their control of this region, the Slavs turned Westward to take as much of Karelia and Finland as they could from Swedish control.
		This activity broke the treaty in which the construction of new fortifications was forbidden in Karelia.
	uralica.com /kola.htm (2351 words)

	REGIONS & CULTURE: Finland's hot potato - Karelia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		hen we discuss Karelia, we are referring only to the part of eastern Finland that was ceded to the Soviet Union under duress at the end of the Second World War.
		Public debate on Karelia has assumed increasingly conspicuous forms, but one gains the impression that people have grown used to its failure to lead to results.
		When the question of Karelia arose during a press conference, her host President Vladimir Putin declared: "For us this issue has been resolved and the matter is closed." To drive home the point he issued a clear warning: "In my view, it would be very dangerous to continue with a discourse of this kind."
	www.publiscan.fi /cu13e-9.htm (2082 words)

	Karelian Holidays \| package tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Already in the 13th century there was a trade road to the Lappi land which started in Korela from the western coast of Ladoga Lake and led to the Gulf of Bothnia and Norrbotten.
		During the tour you will visit Kostomuksha, the youngest city of Karelia, the epic villages of Voknavolok and Voinitsa in Kalevala region, the city of Kem, which was the medieval outpost of Russia in the Northwest and the Solovki Monastery located on the islands in the Cold White Sea.
		Voknavolok has always been considered the rune signing center of the White sea area which was the main destination for all folklore collectors, both Russian and Finnish.
	www.karelianholidays.ru /en/tours.php?itemId=4511 (780 words)

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