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	White Sea-Baltic Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal (Russian: Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal (BBK)), opened on August 2, 1933, is a ship canal that joins the White Sea and the Baltic Sea near St.
		In fact, the canal was the first major project constructed using forced labour, i.e., Gulag inmates.
		There is a monument for the prisoners killed during the construction at Povenets, and a small memorial in Belomorsk near the entrance of the canal into the White Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Sea-Baltic_Canal (646 words)

	White Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The White Sea (Russian: Бе́лое мо́ре) is an inlet of the Barents Sea on the northwest coast of Russia.
		The White Sea-Baltic Canal connects the White Sea with the Baltic Sea.
		The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be internal waters of Russia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Sea (222 words)

	Baltic Sea - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Baltic Sea is connected with the White Sea by the White Sea-Baltic Canal, and with the Volga River by the Volga-Baltic Waterway.
		The Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, and the Gulf of Riga are the chief arms of the Baltic Sea.
		In the late Middle Ages commerce on the Baltic was dominated by the Hanseatic League.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/baltics1e.asp (491 words)

	Nordic Travel. Karelia :: Sights and Maps - The White Sea
		The White Sea lies in the northern part of Russia, between 32 and 44 East and 63 47` and 68 4` North.
		The whirlpool of the Sea is situated between the Kola and the Kanin Peninsulas, and connected with the Barents Sea.
		The biggest town and port in the area of the White Sea is Arkhangelsk, located on the shore of the Dvina River 20 km of the Sea (Dvina Bay).
	nordictravel.ru /page/whitesea.html (488 words)

	AllRefer.com - Baltic Sea (Oceans And Continents) - Encyclopedia
		The Oresund, Store Bælt, and Lille Bælt connect the Baltic Sea with the Kattegat and Skagerrak straits, which lead to the North Sea; the Kiel Canal, across the Jutland peninsula, is a more direct connection with the North Sea.
		The Baltic Sea is connected with the White Sea by the White Sea–Baltic Canal, and with the Volga River by the Volga-Baltic Waterway.
		Of the many islands in the sea, the principal ones are Sjælland, Fyn, Lolland, Falster, and Bornholm (Denmark); Oland and Gotland (Sweden); the aland Islands (Finland); Saaremaa (Estonia); and RUgen (Germany).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BalticSe.html (388 words)

	White Sea-Baltic Canal - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Some ship canals (see table), such as the Suez and Panama canals, provide navigational short cuts by connecting large bodies of water.
		The southern and south-western shorelines of the Caspian Sea are bordered by the Elburz and Greater Caucasus mountain ranges.
		The river is navigable for most of its course from about March to mid-December; during May and June, fed by the melting snow, it is subject to...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /White_Sea-Baltic_Canal.html (153 words)

	Nordic Travel. Karelia :: Sights and Maps - White Sea - Baltic Canal
		Despite of many talks, the plan of a canal construction between the White Sea and Onego Lake was not realized until the Stalin times, when it was ordered to build the facility in a very short time.
		The total length of the Canal is 227 km, of which 37 km are human built, with the average depth of 5 meters.
		Along the Canal, a lot of memorials and several museums were set in the modern days to commemorate the memory of those who lost their lives during the Canal construction.
	nordictravel.ru /page/wsb.html (385 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: B :: Baltic Sea
		The Gulf of Bothnia, theGulf of Finland, and the Gulf of Riga are the chief arms of the Baltic Sea.
		Of the many islands in the sea, the principal ones are Sjaelland, Fyn, Lolland, Falster, and Bornholm (Denmark); Oland and Gotland (Sweden); the Aland Islands (Finland); Saaremaa (Estonia); and Rugen (Germany).
		The salinity of the sea is reduced by the many rivers that enter it (the Oder, Vistula, Dvina, Tornalven, Umealv, Angermanalven, and Dalalven), and parts of the sea freeze over in winter.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/b/baltic_sea.shtml (322 words)

	Gulag, Industrialization
		White Sea — Baltic Sea Canal was one of the first "great construction projects of Communism", which relied exclusively on the labour of prisoners.
		Sailing on the steamship Anokhin for the inauguration of the canal, Stalin concluded to his disappointment that the canal was too narrow and not deep enough for his liking and ordered a bigger one to be built.
		Published in 1934, destroyed in 1937, reprinted in 1998, this book was ordered by the OGPU to praise the success of "corrective labor" practices during the construction of the Canal.
	www.osa.ceu.hu /gulag/c.htm (425 words)

	Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Introduction - Drainage Basins - Caspian Sea
		Fall in the sea level increases salinity, destroys habitat and blocks spawning migrations, although some effects are less in the southern, Iranian Caspian because of the larger water mass.
		Phytoplankton diversity in the western Caspian Sea fell from 74 to 40 species, biomass from 8.7 to 2.1 g/ sq m and biomass of benthic organisms in coastal areas fell from 1724 g/ sq m in 1961 to 21 g/sq m in 1969 (Clark, 1986).
		The Volga-Don canal in the former U.S.S.R. connected the Caspian Sea with the Black Sea in 1952 and formed an invasion route for various benthic organisms while others came in attached to boats transported by rail or were deliberately introduced (Kasymov, 1982).
	www.briancoad.com /introduction/caspianseabasin.htm (12233 words)

	Opinion (Spotlight Weekly)
		In course of future feasibility study of the Kosi canal waterway, we should be all the time guided by the vast experience gathered by Europe in the field of planning and operation of artificial waterways for navigation.
		On canalized rivers, navigation is facilitated by constructing locks that create a series of steps, the length of which depends on the natural gradient of the valley and on the rise at each lock.
		The size of the Kosi navigation canal and its related structures such as the lock system should be determined in conformity with the size already adopted by India in design of the Farakka barrage navigation system which corresponds to the recommended size in Europe.
	www.nepalnews.com.np /contents/englishweekly/spotlight/2002/dec/dec06/opinion.htm (1755 words)

	WhiteWays.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Whites never meet a technology they don't like, and fail to recognize the extent to which technology damages culture and produces alienation; or the basic fact that technology never solves the problem it is meant to solve: The problem of duality and suffering.
		White racial self-awareness and self respect dies, White culture dies, and is profoundly downgraded (from a White point of view) by gradual replacement by the Black consciousness.
		The final goal, of course, is intermarriage of Whites females with fls, for the true ultimate destruction of the race Jews have long regarded as their only serious racial competitor.
	www.whiteways.org (6564 words)

	IISH - Today in 1933 : 2 August - Stalin Opens White Sea Canal
		On 2 August 1933, the "White Sea - Baltic Canal in the name of Stalin" or "Belomorkanal" was officially opened.
		It is a vital link between St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and the White Sea, constructed between 1930 and 1933, mostly by penal labourers.
		As tens of thousands died under the harsh conditions, the opening of the canal was accompanied by a huge propaganda campaign.
	www.iisg.nl /today/en/02-08.php (132 words)

	Der Kieler Kreis -- Kiel
		A major Baltic port, Lübeck is also an important center of heavy industry and tourism, and the focus of a large metropolitan area.
		Navigation in the northern part of the Baltic is suspended during the winter and early spring because of ice.
		with the White Sea by the White Sea-Baltic Canal, and with the Volga River by the Volga-Baltic Waterway.
	www.geocities.com /redmidnightcat/schleswig.htm (2247 words)

	Solovetsky islands
		Solovetsky islands is located in the western part of the White Sea, in the Onega gulf, less than 150 km from the Polar Circle.
		Archipelago's special microclimate is also determined by the influence of the White Sea and 564 lakes located on the islands.
		This system of lakes and canals stretching for 10 km was used as a fresh water resource, for transport and cargo transportation purposes.
	eng.solovki.ru (2389 words)

	Sail Ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Svyatitel Nikolai (Saint Nicholas) on the White Sea.
		Date: 2002-07 The participants of the White Sea canal cruise together on the deck of Svyatitel Nikolai (Saint Nicholas).
		Date: 2002-07 This part of the White Sea-Baltic Canal is not reconstructed and appears how it was built in the 30ies.
	articles.ravna.no /photos/North_russian_culture_sail_ship.htm (1794 words)

	Concentration Camp - ninemsn Encarta
		During the 1920s, “class enemies” and criminals were confined in the Northern Special Purpose Camps on the Solovetskiye Islands in the White Sea and near Archangel on the mainland.
		These prisoners included independent farmers (kulaks), victims of the great purges, populations deported from the Polish and Baltic territories annexed in 1939, groups such as the Volga Germans considered potentially disloyal during World War II, prisoners of war, and Russians returning from German captivity.
		After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, when many inmates received amnesty and were released, the camps continued on a smaller scale.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577899/Concentration_Camp.html (1021 words)

	The Nordic Reservoir - Scandinavia
		Settled by other Scandinavians who crossed the Baltic Sea, these early inhabitants of Denmark built a number of impressive structures, the remains of which are still to be seen today.
		During the late 1100s and early 1200s, the Danes also expanded to the East, conquering their racial cousins, the Balts, and settling the greater part of the southern coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, establishing an empire twice the size of Denmark itself.
		The proximity of the sea also encouraged sailing: around 750 AD, Viking raiders were to emerge from Norway and spread out all over Northern Europe, raiding and settling Ireland, Britain, Iceland and the Orkney, Faroe, and Shetland islands.
	www.white-history.com /hwr24.htm (4970 words)

	Russia Region In - Karelia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the Northwest, the Republic borders on the White Sea.
		First canal passes through seven locks to rise up to 70 meters in comparison with Onego Lake, and then it passes through twelve locks to lower down 102 meters to the water level of the White Sea.
		Collections of labyrinths and seids have been discovered in Karelia in the Kuzova Archipelago in the White Sea, along the sea route from Kem' to Solovetsky, the Solovetsky Archipelago itself, the the mountains of Kivakka and Nuoronen in the area of Paanajarvi and near Vottovaara mountain in Muezersky region.
	members.aol.com /imershein/Page6g.html (4319 words)

	Unasylva - Vol. 4, No. 3 - News of the world
		The most valuable forests are located in the northern and northeastern regions of the country to which access is difficult, all forests have suffered a great deal from reckless cutting in the past and especially during World War II.
		Similarly, the creation of watershed protective forests along the White Sea - Baltic Canal, as well as around a number of lakes of importance as water reservoirs and for fishing, must be undertaken.
		By special cutting of the very small logs it was possible to produce slab siding which was in demand for construction of log cabins, as well as lumber which came from the center of the logs.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x5356e/x5356e08.htm (4923 words)

	Centropa Quarterly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Baltic barons did not hide their hopes to annex the entire Baltic region to Germany, or at least turn it into a grand duchy, a protectorate, They envisioned importing thousands of German settlers, especially to Kurland.
		The attitude of Baltic Jews toward these two warring powers was quite different than that of the Latvians, although to a degree the effect was the same, in that many Jews were also forced to become refugees.
		The Baltic barons' great estates would be divided, giving land "to those who work the land." In the wake of the events of 1905, there were many Marxist sympathizers among the Riflemen, who thought that Bolshevik demagoguery represented the "highest and purest form" of this teaching.
	www.centropa.org /reports.asp?rep=HR&ID=6879&TypeID=0 (3928 words)

	nobs: 03/14/1999 - 03/20/1999
		Gulag prisoners were used in several difficult construction projects such as the White Sea-Baltic Canal, the Moscow-Volga Canal, the Baikal-Amur main railroad line, many hydroelectric stations, and strategically important roads and industrial enterprises in remote regions where it would have been difficult and expensive to have recruited free labor.
		Gulag prisoners were used in several difficult construction projects such as the White Sea-Baltic Canal, the Moscow-Volga Canal, the Baikal-Amur main railroad line, many hydroelectric stations, and strategically important roads in remote regions where it would have been difficult and expensive to have recruited free labor.
		The Great White River Canal was such a project in the early era.
	nobsblog.blogspot.com /1999_03_14_nobsblog_archive.html (3324 words)

	The Economy of the OGPU, NKVD and MVD of the USSR, 1930-1953
		This was caused, on the one hand, by a halt to the construction of steel-industry enterprises and airfields that was being done during the war, and on the other hand, by the MVD’s active participation in the increased railroad and especially hydraulic-engineering construction.
		In 1940 the canal was used to 44 percent of capacity, and in 1950, 20 percent
		and “remained as an expensive monument to the mismanagement of the Soviet system.” “The canal’s value to the region’s economic development, as soon became clear, was minor.
	www.uh.edu /~vlazarev/4389/Gulag-khlev.htm (6079 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		During the 1920s, “class enemies” and criminals were confined in the Northern Special Purpose Camps on the Solovetskiye Islands in the White Sea and near Arkhangelsk on the mainland.
		On August 4, 1944, acting on tip from a Dutch informer, the Nazi Gestapo captures 15-year-old Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family in a sealed-off.
		On September 17, 1978 at the White House, Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin sign the Camp David Accords, laying.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..co192200.a#FWNE.fw..co192200.a (1297 words)

	EASTERN APPROACHES/216 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As diligent pupils, they were citing figures, “the 277-kilometer-long canal was being constructed in 1931-1933, crossing several lakes and rivers and fifty kilometers of land.”
		Under their direct guidance and with the participation of psychologists, pickpockets, thieves, robbers and murderers who had been drilled to convince the reporters with rehearsed sincerity of the grandiose scale of the project and hard work required helped change their psyche.
		Behind the hills near the canal, tens of thousands of real builders, Stalin's political enemies, were dying of cold, disease and exhaustion in barracks.
	www.ukraine-observer.com /articles/216/794 (1586 words)

	The Route
		At the White Sea we have a choice of route, the conventional and more direct route is north of Norway, Shetland Islands, and thence towards Ireland, or alternatively we can take the White Sea - Baltic Canal, which leads south to St. Petersburg, through the Baltic Sea, and continuing through Scotland's Caledonian Canal, towards Ireland.
		The White Sea Canal is 227 kilometres long, and was built during the years 1931 to 1933 on Stalin's insistence, mainly to enable the Baltic fleet have easy access to the White Sea.
		This was the first large-scale use of prison labour in modern Russia and was to be the model on which the infamous Gulags were subsequently based.
	www.northabout.com /route.html (326 words)

	BUNKERWORLD -- Russia: Introduction -- Bunkers, Marine Fuel, Bunkering, Bunker Prices, BunkerNews, Suppliers, Brokers, ...
		The two main bunkering regions are the Baltic Sea, which competes with the Great Belt and North West Europe markets, and the Black Sea which competes with Istanbul and the nearby Mediterranean markets.
		The White Sea in the north is connected to the Baltic via the White Sea-Baltic Canal.
		A canal connects St. Petersburg to the massive river Volga, which connects with the Caspian Sea and also the Black Sea via the River Don.
	www.bunkerworld.com /markets/neu/russia02_mkt.htm (396 words)

	white russia - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The White Armies of Russia: A Chronicle of Counter-Revolution and Allied Intervention
		Anne White is Senior Lecturer in Russian and East European Studies...Zubtsov, 1999-2000 Anne White Small-Town Russia Postcommunist livelihoods...friends among small-town Russian children.
		White: Well, more than...nations, with the Russians, and it was very...charges that Harry White had been the source...documents sent to the Russians; that he had denied...
	www.questia.com /search/white-russia (1779 words)

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